李东进
[摘要] 目的 對早期乳腺癌患者采取保乳术与改良根治术治疗的临床疗效进行对比分析。方法 方便选取2012年1月—2016年1月来该院诊治的早期乳腺癌患者100例进行该次相关研究,100例患者根据随机分配的原则按照每组50例分为对照组和观察组。对照组治疗方式为根治术,而观察组治疗方式为保乳术,对比分析两组不同治疗方式后的临床疗效情况。结果 观察组的临床优良率94.0%、并发症发生情况8.0%以及术中出血量(259.96±18.14)mL、手术时间(158.86±6.52)min、引流量(259.36±14.67)mL等手术指标情况均要好于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但两组的复发率、转移率等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 早期乳腺癌患者采取保乳术与根治术治疗均有效,但保乳术在短期疗效中更为理想,能够显著提高乳房外形优良率,手术时间短,患者出血量少,恢复快。从长期疗效来看,复发、转移的几率在两种手术中无明显差异,在严格把握适应征的情况下,首先考虑保乳术治疗。
[关键词] 早期乳腺癌;保乳手术;改良根治术;临床疗效
[中图分类号] R737.9 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2018)06(b)-0051-03
Research on Clinical Curative Effect of Two Operation Methods in Treatment of Early Breast Cancer
LI Dong-jin
Department of General Surgery, Yanzhou Branch, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong Province, 272100 China
[Abstract] Objective To compare and analyze the clinical curative effect of breast conserving surgery and modified radical mastectomy in treatment of patients with early breast cancer. Methods 100 cases of patients with early breast cancer admitted and treated in our hospital from January 2012 to January 2016 were selected and randomly divided into two groups with 50 cases in each, the control group were treated with radical mastectomy, while the observation group were treated with breast conserving surgery, and the clinical curative effect was compared between the two groups. Results The clinical excellent and good rate, occurrence of complications, intraoperative bleeding amount, operation time and drainage amount in the observation group were respectively 94.0%, 8.0%,(259.96±18.14)mL, (158.86±6.52)min, (259.36±14.67)mL, which were better than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05), and the differences in the recurrence rate and transport rate between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusion Both the breast conserving surgery and modified radical mastectomy in treatment of patients with early breast cancer can produce an effective effect, but the short-term curative effect of breast conserving surgery is more ideal, which can obviously improve the excellent and good rate of mammary contour, with short operation time, less bleeding amount and rapid recovery, and there are no obvious differences in the recurrence rate and transfer rate, and the breast conserving surgery should be preferably considered under the condition of strictly mastering the indications.
[Key words] Early breast cancer; Breast conserving surgery; Modified radical mastectomy; Clinical curative effect
目前我國女性乳腺癌发病率仍占女性恶性肿瘤中首位,而早期乳腺癌的发病率也在逐年增高,从而对女性乳腺癌患者的生命和生存质量都产生严重影响[1]。如今人们通常在治疗疾病的同时也更加注重生活质量,因此,传统根治术已逐渐被保乳手术所代替[2]。大量实验研究表明,早期乳腺癌患者采取保乳术与改良根治术均具有一定的优势,但就提高患者的生存质量方面来看,显然无疑是保乳术更具有优势[3]。但能否进行保乳手术还取决于临床病理检查中肿瘤大小、形态、病理分期等多因素有关。该文将2012年1月—2016年1月该院收治的100例早期乳腺癌患者利用两组术式进行临床疗效对比研究,旨在为该疾病诊疗方案选择提供一定的临床指导,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
方便选取来该院诊治符合入选条件的女性早期单侧乳腺癌患者100例,年龄30~65岁,进行该次相关研究,将100例患者根据随机分配的原则按照每组50例分为对照组和观察组。50例观察组患者年龄30~64岁,中位年龄48.6岁,TNM分期:Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者例数分别是35例、15例,均为女性;50例对照组患者年龄32~65岁,中位年龄48.5岁,TNM分期:Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者例数分别是34例、16例,均为女性。患者及家属对研究知情并签署同意书,两组患者年龄、病程等一般情况比较差异无统计学意义,具有可比性,并均排除糖尿病、凝血性异常等相关疾病病史。
1.2 方法
对照组采用根治术:根据患者个人情况制定针对性的治疗方案,切除患者整个乳房,及清扫腋窝淋巴,并将胸大肌和胸小肌等保留传统乳腺改良根治术,术后留置负压引流管。
观察组采用保乳术:具体操作为,肿瘤区域行广泛切除或象限切除,及胸廓筋膜组织,术中快速对肿瘤切除边缘冰冻处理,作病理切片检查,确保肿瘤边缘是阴性,并进行淋巴结清扫,清扫范围包括内至胸小肌深面腋窝淋巴结、外至背阔肌前缘,上至腋静脉的范围,术后留置负压引流管。
1.3 观察指标
对比分析两组患者不同治疗方式后的临床疗效及手术各项指标情况以及和预后疗效(近期疗效和远期疗效)复发及转移的情况等;所有患者均获得术后0.5~5年的随访,包括来院复查超声,CT等检查。
1.4 统计方法
对所有数据的处理采用SPSS 18.0统计学软件进行分析处理,计量资料以(x±s)表示,进行t检验,计数资料用[n(%)]表示,进行χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
观察组手术时间、出血量、引流量指标均较对照组有显著优势,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),详见表1;术后临床优良率和并发症发生情况比较,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后复发、转移情况比较,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),详见表2。
3 讨论
女性乳腺癌是恶性肿瘤高发群体,也是现阶段造成死亡的主要病症之一[4]。及早发现乳腺癌并积极手术治疗,是治疗关键。随着高质量的影像学检查手段,渴望能够尽早的发现乳腺癌,随之保乳手术观念和研究也相继进入临床研究阶段,为接受保乳治疗的早期乳腺癌患者提供了新的治疗方式[5]。
目前乳腺癌的临床治疗手段主要为传统改良根治术和保乳手术两种手术方式[6]。且改良根治术治疗乳腺癌一直认为更安全稳定,通过切除整个乳腺及淋巴组织帮助患者清除癌症病灶,但是手术后对患者的生活质量产生较大的影响[7],尤其直接影响乳腺外观的改变,因此大部分患者均不愿接受切除乳房。而保乳手术则可以保留患侧乳房,对乳房外形不会造成太大影响[8],不仅临床效果明显,还极大的提高了患者生活质量,但不是所有的乳腺癌患者均能采用保乳手术,该研究中对术中临床病理检查均显示乳房硬块在2 cm以上,距离乳头小于3 cm,有快速扩散趋势的患者则不适用与此手术方法;若肿瘤较大,不能保证切缘阴性,为确保患癌症生命安全,需尽早进行改良切除手术。
该组研究结果:观察组的临床优良率94.0%、并发症发生情况8.0%以及术中出血量(259.96±18.14)mL、手术时间(158.86±6.52)min、引流量(259.36±14.67)mL等手术指标情况均要好于对照组,该组研究结果一致于胡斌等[9]研究报道,胡斌等研究结果为实验组手术时间(132.1±2.8)min、住院时间(9.2±2.9)d、术中出血量(283.9±4.4)mL、优良率97.4%,均明显优于对照组患者;实验组局部复发4例,对比对照组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
综上所述,在早期乳腺癌治疗中应用这两种术式均具有一定临床效果,在严格把握适应证下选择病例,并结合患者实际情况做出最佳治疗方案,术后积极行辅助治疗,保乳术是可以取得更好的临床效果,可作为早期乳腺癌术式首选。
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(收稿日期:2018-03-15)