刘立洲
摘 要:阅读教学与写作教学之间需要有效的衔接方式。着重探讨写作前的准备环节,从基础强化、整篇布局、评价方式三个方面加以论述,以期达到学生对写作胸有成竹之效。
关键词:读后活动;评价方式;词汇训练
英语阅读课中,语言由输入到输出的转变是较为困难的环节,缺乏“干货”导致学生在开放式写作中往往有“理屈词穷”之感。结合自身教学经验,以人教版新目标英语九年级Unit 4 Reading He studies harder than he used to为背景,就如何在读后活动中开展高效教学更好地为写作服务加以探索,愿与同行交流分享。
一、基础强化为根,重视词汇“干货”
写作需要的最小“干货”是词汇。难度适中、容量适宜的文本素材既能为学生词汇训练提供多样化的语境线索,又能使学生更加直观感受到词汇本身所蕴含的人文特点和文化内涵。笔者常用的词汇训练有:以不同形式对文本内容再现加以训练;以本节课核心词汇为中心构成的情景类或故事类文本为内容;结合文化背景设计社会热点类短文。Unit 4 Reading主要讲述留守儿童Li Wen的故事。本节课重点词汇有influence,absent,boarding school,in person,exactly,take pride in,be proud of,fail,seldom,在读后词汇训练环节,笔者采取设计社会热点类文章的形式加以开展,具体内容如下:Now society pays attention to left-behind children more and more. When Wang Li was 7 years old,her parents ___ another city. As she grew up,she gradually ___ classes and __his examinations. In the ___,she was shy and never made friends with other people. After that,her parents had more__ their daughter than they used to. They talked with her__ .Finally,she___ realized that her parents __ her. Also her teachers and friends tried their best to __ her. Now the girl is outgoing and become active. 通过词汇训练,能够减少写作中带来的语言困惑,增强学生思维想象中的容纳力和外延性,从而更好地在开放式写作中表达自身的观点。
二、因势利导切入主线,构筑写作整体框架
读后活动要始终围绕写作主线展开,才能更好地为写作教学服务。写作主线要求教师能够根据阅读文本因势利导确定写作主题与方向,更加顺畅地实现语言输出目的。本节阅读课中,教师根据文本情节并与学生讨论交流后,决定将“What do you think Li Wen and his parents talked about in their conversation?”作为切入主线,运用role-play 与group-work 讨论并确定写作框架。最终框架有三:(1)Possible questions Li Wen might ask his parents.(2)Questions his parents might ask Li Wen.(3)Possible answers from Li Wen and his parents. 确定内容包括: Li Wen: Why did you move to another city to look for job?When will you come to stay with me?When I had some troubles,what should I do?His parents: why did you have such a bad result?What should we do to help you?开放性作文给予学生思考的空间,但绝不是异想天开、天马行空式的布局。教师因势利导切入主线,与学生共同参与确定写作框架,增强学生篇章结构意识的同时,为接下来的写作扫清了障碍。
三、多角度评价方式,感受语言差异化之美
写作的形成过程,本身就是语言不断提炼、差异化逐渐显现又趋于相同的过程。教师在这一过程中如何巧妙利用多样化的评价手段,从语言差异化中让学生感受到思维之美,将会对开放式写作的提升大有裨益。比如,在构建写作整体框架时很多学生提出不同的写作内容:以老师和学生的共同帮助为主线;以学生内在心里的自我斗争为主线;以父母和社会的努力作为主线等。每一个主线的设计都充满智慧,笔者在评价的过程中给予了积极的评价,在与学生反复推理的过程中,才将What do you think Li Wen and his parents talked about in their conversation?作为主要框架。接下來的role-play 与group-work环节,学生更是思维活跃,将语言差异化之美充分展现,甚至有学生将这一现象上升到国家应给予留守儿童特别政策及给予父母带薪休假上,真是令笔者振奋不已,而教师也提出了高度的评价。
语言输出并不是一蹴而就的,写作前的铺垫不可或缺。“潮平两岸阔,风正一帆悬”,作为教师,如何引导学生将隐藏在心里的话说出来并条理清晰,思维严谨是写作教学前的突破之笔,需要我们共同努力。
参考文献:
[1]殷志勇.开放式英语的写作技巧[J].中小学外语教学(中学篇),2006(12).
[2]王丹.英语开放性作文写作方法探析[J].作文成功之路(下),2015(4).
编辑 鲁翠红