江苏江阴市华士实验小学 龚晓英
小学英语绘本是集图画、英语、文字为一体的故事书,它画面精美,故事完整,内容形式多样,有着丰富的故事内涵,不仅能拓宽学生的视野,更能滋润学生的心灵。英语新课标指出:英语学习,不能只停留在字、词、句的学习,要帮助学生形成一定的综合语言运用能力,培养学生观察、记忆、思维、想象能力和创新精神;帮助学生了解世界和中西方文化的差异,拓展视野。而英语绘本的种种特质正符合了学生的英语学习需求,所以,在小学阶段开展英语绘本教学,作为英语教学的一种课外补充显得很有必要。
小学英语教材由于受到教材内容的知识体系编排、表现形式等的限制,并不能满足学生的英语阅读需求,特别是作为教材主要版块的Story time并不能呈现完整的语言片段,在故事性和思想性方面有一定的欠缺,而英语绘本恰好弥补了这一不足,它有着更为完整的故事内容和深刻的故事内涵,尤其是在情感方面更能有效唤起学生的情感共鸣,使他们受到一定教育。如果说,教材侧重的是知识点的系统传授,那么绘本教学则更注重对故事的情感体悟,也就是情感目标的达成。因此,在绘本教学中如何有效挖掘故事内涵,实现情感目标成了绘本教学的首要任务。笔者最近上了一节五年级的市级绘本公开课The sun is broken,此故事选自黑布林英语阅读系列,是一个情感类的心灵故事。笔者就如何有效地在此绘本教学中挖掘故事内涵,达成情感目标方面谈谈自己的教学设计。
阅读绘本前,为了帮助学生更好地理解绘本,谈论与介绍绘本相关的背景、话题是很有必要的。The sun is broken是关于家人和爱的故事,每个人最熟悉和亲密的人一定是家人,由于借班上课,也因为理解绘本情感需要,因此,在阅读前,笔者和学生就家人的情况做了互动和交流,这样做不仅让学生有话可说,拉近了师生距离,也为导入绘本阅读做了情感铺垫。教学片段如下:
T:You know I’m Miss Gong.I’m glad to be your new English teacher today.Do you want to know more about me?Please listen to me.(以chant的形式呈现)
T:This is the chant about my family.How many people are there in my family?Who are they?
S:...
T:How about your family?Can you tell me?
S:...
T:I know you a lot.We all have families.We all love our families.
The sun is broken主要讲述了这样一个故事:今天是小女孩的生日,女孩许了一个愿望,在她的愿望里,她看到了一只神奇的消防邮递奶牛给她带来了奶奶的生日贺卡;听到了小狗Buster在为她唱生日歌;她还很兴奋地接到了自认为是来自奶奶的电话。爸爸妈妈对女孩的表现感到担忧,因为奶奶已经死了,他们一次次想让女孩认清现实,但女孩一直沉迷于她的幻想中,故事在壮观的日落景象中结束……
这是一个温暖的关于爱的故事,故事难点在于要让学生理解女孩丰富想象力的背后有一条主线贯穿着始终,那就是女孩对奶奶深深的爱和思念,所以如何让学生理解女孩的情感,感受爱的深刻内涵就成了本课的重点,因此笔者设计了以下活动:
绘本第一部分,女孩想要得到来自奶奶的贺卡,因此在她的生日愿望里,她看到了一只神奇的奶牛:长着天使翅膀,有会喷水棒棒糖形状的消防管尾巴,身体上还有送信的邮包。好的绘本一定有较好的图片故事,此绘本也不例外,鲜艳的色彩,形象的人物特点,女孩天马行空的想象,都令此绘本具有吸引力,而引导学生通过图片来获取信息是绘本教学很重要的方法和途径。因此,笔者通过引导学生看图回答问题,引出女孩想要奶奶的卡片,并追问学生奶奶的情况,从而点燃了情感:女孩爱她的奶奶。教学片段如下:
(1)T:Now let’s read the story together and try to know more about the little girl’s wish.Look,(奶牛声)what does she see?
S:It’s a cow.
T:What cow is it?
S:Afire-fighting mailcow.It’s flying in the sky.
(2)T:Look at the cow.What can it do?
S:Afire-fighting mailcow can fly.
T:Why?
S:Because it has two wings.
S:Afire-fighting mailcow can send letters.
T:Why?
S:Because it has a mailbox on its body.
(3)T:Why is the fire-fighting mailcow coming?What does the little girl want?
S:Because the little girl wants a birthday card from grandma.A fire-fighting mailcow can bring her grandma’s birthday card.
T:Yes.She is eager to get her grandma’s birthday card.So she says eagerly:“Maybe it’s got a birthday card from grandma.”
绘本第三部分,女孩想要接到奶奶的电话,因此在她的生日愿望里,她自认为接到了奶奶的来电。在绘本教学中,让学生通过想象、情景演绎等方式,感同身受,更能体会故事中人物的情感。因此,在此处让学生发挥想象,扮演奶奶和女孩打电话,充分感受女孩兴奋的心情和对奶奶的想念之情,并与接下来妈妈所说的奶奶死了,形成了强烈的故事冲突效果,在与学生交谈中带领学生体会女孩由喜而悲的心情变化。教学片段如下:
(1)T:(电话铃)The telephone is ringing.Look,the little girl is calling.Who is calling the little girl?Let’s listen.
S:Grandma Matilda is calling the little girl.She is on the phone.
(2)T:Why is grandma calling the little girl?What does she want to do?
S:She wants to wish the girl a happy birthday.
(3)T:Look at the girl.How is she?
S:She is very excited.
T:Look,this is her grandma.What do they talk on the phone?Can you be the little girl and her grandma?Try to make a telephone call.(Work in pairs and make a telephone call)
T:The little girl is very excited.Because she can talk with her grandma on the phone.She loves her grandma so much.
3.感情朗读,升华情感
绘本第四部分,爸爸带女孩看日落。爸爸为了安慰女孩,也为了帮助女孩理解奶奶的死而带女孩看日落。这部分是绘本的感情升华部分,也是重难点之所在。因此在处理这部分时,首先通过播放视频让学生对日落有直观印象,然后重点通过小组合作学习,有感情地朗读让学生自主感受太阳“碎”了也就是日落时的壮观宏伟景象,感情达到高潮,最后通过与学生的交谈和追问,让本课的主旨得以清晰呈现:因为女孩很爱她的奶奶,奶奶一直在她心里,所以她能看见奶奶。
教学片段如下:
(1)T:Dad wants to talk to the little girl about the sun and the sky and Grandma.Now,they are looking at the sunset.(播放日落视频)
T:Boys and girls,when you see the sunset,what do you want to say?
S:How nice!/How beautiful!/How amazing!…
T:Yes,it’s so amazing.But what does the girl say?(听)
S:The little girl says“Dad,the sun is broken!”(引导学生读)
(2)T:What happens?Is the sun broken?What does the girl see?
Please read in pairs.Here are some tips for you:
①Read with emotions,try to feel the sunset.
(带着感情同桌朗读,感受日落景象)
②You can discuss with your partner,try to guess the pronunciation and meaning of the new words.
(遇见生词可商量,根据语音规则猜测读音,根据上下文猜测词义)
T:Now,can you read for us?What does the little girl see?
T:Can you read these new words?fall into splash melt
T:Who can read for us again?
(3)T:Please read after Miss Gong and try to imitate.Pay attention your pronunciation and intonation.I think read with actions and emotions will be better.(加上动作和感情会更棒哦!)
读后的交流与总结,是绘本教学必不可少的环节,绘本教学的教学效果如何,成败就在此一举了。因此,读完此绘本,师生对整个故事再次进行了回顾与总结,通过与学生的互动与交流,启发学生思考,使爱的含义在学生心中得到内化,也希望学生学完此绘本,能够从中汲取力量,懂得要爱自己身边的人,珍惜当下并能付诸行动。
教学片段如下:
(1)T:Now,please read by yourselves.I give you two minutes.(学生自读绘本)
(2)T:After reading the story,can you tell me Is the sun broken?
S:No,it isn’t.
T:Is it a sad story?What do you think?
S:No,it isn’t a sad story.It’s a story about love and hope...
T:What do you know from the story?What do you want to say?
S:...
T:Boys and girls,I think you all know a lot from the story.Please remember:Love our time today.Love can not wait.Let’s get it started.