中药的方剂之道

文/五花肉

“神农尝百草，始有医药”，在中华文明的历史长河中，凝聚数千年东方哲学智慧和健康实践经验的中医药，在标准化理念的指导下不断进阶发展，一路护佑着中华儿女抵御疾病、繁衍生息。

"Shen Nong tasted hundreds of herbs when there was traditional Chinese medicine." In the long history of Chinese civilization, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which has accumulated thousands of years of oriental philosophical wisdom and healthy practical experience, has been continuously developed under the guidance of the concept of standardization, and has been protecting the health of Chinese nation.

“药”分三品

Three Classes of Chinese Medicine

中药是传统中医诊疗祛病的关键所在。作为现存最早的中药学经典著作，《神农本草经》共收录365种中药，以疗效为标准，将其分为上、中、下三品。上品应天，如人参、地黄，宜久服养命。中品应人，如当归、黄芩，可斟酌养性。下品应地，如大黄、巴豆，乃霸道之法，应中病则止。

Medicine herb is the key to traditional Chinese medicine. As the earliest classical works of Chinese pharmacy, "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic" includs 365 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines, and the medicine is divided into top, middle and low classes according to the healing efficacy. The top class stands for the heaven, including ginseng and rehmannia for prolonging life. The middle class stands for the people including angelica, jaundice for health preservation. The low class stands for the earth including rhubarb and croton for treatment.

相辅成“方”

Prescription of Complementation

在单一中药的疗效基础上，后世杏林中人经过长期摸索、实践，总结出针对不同疾病的复合型药方，确立了“君臣佐使”的药物配伍标准，根据不同中药的药理反应，按照一君、二臣、三佐、五使的规则，对上、中、下品药进行组合，使其各司其职、相辅相成。

On the basis of single healing efficacy of a single traditional Chinese medicine, after a long period of exploration and practice, the later TCM doctors have summed up the comprehensive prescriptions for different diseases, and established the drug compatibility standards of TCM of "Monarch, Minister, Assistant and Guide". According to rule of "One Monarch, Two ministers, Three Assistants and Five Guide" and rules of three medicine classes, different medicines works in a complementation mode.

因人定“剂

Customized Dose

中医诊疗注重对症下药、辩证施治，既可以对同一类疾病的不同病因施以“同病异治”，也可以对不同疾病的相同病理表现进行“异病同治”，往往根据三因制宜的用药原则，结合地理气候、患者体质、病情发展等实际情况，对传承沿用的标准化药方，在药物配伍、使用剂量等方面进行针对性调整，实现因人定“剂”的动态平衡。

The diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is focused on suiting the remedy to the disease. Different therapies can be applied to the similar diseases and different diseases can be treated with similar remedies.TCM doctors customize doses according to the actual situation of geographical climate, patient's physical conditions and disease development.The standardized prescriptions are adjusted in terms of drug compatibility and dosage, so as to achieve the dynamic balance.

结 语

Conclusion

时至今日，药、方、剂的中药体系在科技助力下更趋完善，成为实施健康中国战略的重要选项，不仅是健康所系、性命相托的依赖，更成为文化认同感、民族凝聚力的组成部分。让这颗中国古代科学的瑰宝在发展和传承中绽放新的光彩，标准化仍大有可为。

Today, the prescription system of traditional Chinese medicine has become more and more perfect under the aid of science and technology. It has become an important option for implementing the strategy of "HEALTHY CHINA". The prescription system is not only the key to health, but also an integral part of cultural identity and national cohesion. Standardization will let this gem of ancient Chinese science bloom in the development and inheritance.