张廷朋
【摘 要】目的:观察阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效。方法:选取2016.04~2017.11来我院就诊的120例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,根据治疗方式的不同,分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。观察组给予二甲双胍+阿卡波糖,对照组给予二甲双胍,比较两组患者空腹和餐后2h血糖恢复正常时间、治疗实施总时间、糖尿病相关指标及临床疗效。结果:观察组患者空腹和餐后2h血糖恢复正常时间、治疗实施总时间显著低于对照组,差异有统计学,P<0.05;治疗后观察组糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2h血糖(2hPC)、空腹血糖(FPC)水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学,P<0.05;观察组临床有效率为96.67%,显著高于对照组的78.33%,差异有统计学,P<0.05。结论:阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。
【关键词】阿卡波糖;2型糖尿病;临床疗效
Abstract Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of acarbose in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A total of 120 type 2 diabetic patients treated in our hospital from 2016.04 to 2017.11 were selected as study subjects.According to the different treatment methods, they were divided into observation group and control group, 60 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with metformin plus acarbose, and the control group was given metformin.The fasting and postprandial blood glucose recovery time the total duration of treatment, diabetes-related indicators and clinical efficacy were compared.Results: The fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose recovery time at 2h were observed in the observation group, and the total duration of the treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group (P <0.05).After treatment, the levels of HbA1c, 2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPC ), Fasting blood glucose (FPC) levels were significantly lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).The clinical effective rate in the observation group was 96.67%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (78.33%, P <0.05).Conclusion: The clinical of efficacy acarbose treatment of type 2 diabetes is significant, worthy of clinical application.
Key words: acarbose; type 2 diabetes mellitus; clinical efficacy
【中圖分类号】R587.1 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1672-3783(2018)02-03-0-01
糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)[1,2]是由于胰岛素分泌缺陷或作用障碍所致的以一组代谢性疾病,以高血糖为特征,持续高血糖和代谢紊乱会导致眼、心[3]、肾、神经系统等全身多组织器官的损害[4]。近年来,随着社会的发展,生活水平不断提高、饮食结构发生改变等原因,糖尿病发病率迅速升高,其中以 2 型糖尿病(T2DM)为主[5, 6],因此如何有效的控制血糖水平,防治并发症,是目前治疗糖尿病治疗的重点[7]。调查显示,我国有 47%的2 型糖尿病患者为单纯性餐后血糖升高,说明积极控制餐后血糖非常重要[8]。阿卡波糖属于α-糖苷酶抑制剂[9],能竞争性抑制葡萄糖甙水解酶,降低多糖及蔗糖的分解,延缓葡萄糖的吸收,因此具有降低餐后血糖的作用[10]。本研究旨在观察阿卡波糖治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效,现报道如下:
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料 选取2016.04~2017.11来我院就诊的120例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,根据治疗方式的不同,分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。其中,观察组男36例,女24例;年龄46~78岁,平均年龄为(61.2±7.1)岁;糖尿病史0.5~17年,平均病史为(5.1±0.6)年;平均BMI为(24.2±0.3)。对照组男37例,女23例;年龄47~79岁,平均年龄为(61.5±7.3)岁;糖尿病史1~18年,平均病史为(5.3±0.6)年;平均BMI为(24.3±0.3)。入选标准:①根据ADA标准,确证为2型糖尿病患者;②年龄18~80岁;③空腹血糖为(7.0~11.1)mmol/L,糖化血红蛋白为(7.0~10.0)%;④无胰岛素、胰岛素增敏剂、胰岛素促泌剂类药物使用史;⑤碳水化合物摄入>200 g/d;⑥ 无严重心、肝、肾等系统障碍。排除标准:①有严重的消化系统障碍;②内分泌疾病史;③妊娠或哺乳期妇女。
1.2 治疗方法 早保持原饮食、运动等基础治疗不变的情况下,对照组患者给予二甲双胍肠溶片,餐后口服,5g/次,3次/d;观察组患者在二甲双胍治疗的基础上给予阿卡波糖进行治疗,50mg/次,三餐与食物共同嚼服。
1.3 观察指标 观察两组患者空腹和餐后2h血糖恢复正常时间、治疗实施总时间、糖尿病相关指标(糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2h血糖(2hPC)、空腹血糖(FPC)水平)及临床疗效。临床疗效的评定:根据患者的临床疗效,分为显效、有效、无效3个等级。其中显效:治疗后患者空腹血糖(PFC)水平<6.39mmol/L,餐后2h血糖(2hPC)<7.8mmol/L;有效:治疗后患者空腹血糖(PFC)水平<6.39mmol/L,餐后2h血糖(2hPC)<11.1mmol/L;无效:治疗后患者空腹血糖(PFC)水平≥6.39mmol/L,或(和)餐后2h血糖(2hPC)≥11.1mmol/L。临床有效率%=(显效例数+有效例数)/总病例数×100%。
1.4 统计学处理 采用SPSS 17.0软件进行数据分析。计量资料以 () 表示,采用 t 检验; 计数资料采用 检验。以 P< 0.05 为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组患者空腹和餐后2h血糖恢复正常时间、治疗实施总时间比较观察组患者空腹和餐后2h血糖恢复正常时间、治疗实施总时间显著低于对照组,差异有统计学,P<0.05,结果见表1。
2.2 两组患者糖尿病相关指标情况 治疗后,比较两组患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平、餐后2h血糖(2hPC)水平、空腹血糖(FPC)水平。观察组糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2h血糖(2hPC)、空腹血糖(FPC)水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学,P<0.05,结果见表2。
2.3 两组患者临床疗效情况比较 观察组临床有效率为96.67%,显著高于对照组的78.33%,差异有统计学,P<0.05,结果见表3。
讨论
糖尿病是临床常见的内分泌代谢疾病,随着社会的发展、人们生活方式的改变及人口老龄化的加剧,2型糖尿病的发病率逐年增高[11],尤其在发展中国家增呈现流行趋势,糖尿病已成为继肿瘤、心血管疾病后,第3位威胁人类生命健康的非传染性疾病。其中,2型糖尿病(T2DM) 主要是由于胰岛素抵抗或分泌缺陷,具有明显的家族遗传性,多见于成年人, 其中,家族史、肥胖[12]、能量摄入增加和体力活动减少、人口老龄化、高血压、高血脂、妊娠等均是2型糖尿病的危险因素[13]。2型糖尿病患者由于餐后第一时相胰岛素分泌缺陷而导致餐后高血糖,因此,恢复第一时相胰岛素分泌对2型糖尿病患者的治疗非常重要[14]。
阿卡波糖是临床常用口服降糖药物[15],通过抑制小肠上段的α-糖苷酶酶,阻断食物中碳水化合物的分解,减慢葡萄糖的吸收,配合饮食控制,能有效改善餐后高血糖[16]。尽管单独口服阿卡波糖能改善患者餐后高血糖状态[17],降低糖化血红蛋白水平,但不易改善空腹高血糖状态,当阿卡波糖和二甲双胍连用时,不仅能将血糖维持在穩定的水平,也能降低阿卡波糖带来的胃肠道反应[18-19]。本研究中,观察组给予二甲双胍+阿卡波糖,对照组给予二甲双胍,比较两组患者空腹和餐后2h血糖恢复正常时间、治疗实施总时间、糖尿病相关指标及临床疗效。结果显示:观察组患者空腹和餐后2h血糖恢复正常时间、治疗实施总时间显著低于对照组,差异有统计学,P<0.05;治疗后观察组糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2h血糖(2hPC)、空腹血糖(FPC)水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学,P<0.05;观察组临床有效率为96.67%,显著高于对照组的78.33%,差异有统计学,P<0.05。
综上所述,对于2型糖尿病患者给予二甲双胍联合阿卡波糖进行治疗[20],能有效改善血糖相关指标,提高临床疗效方面,值得临床推广应用。
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