江苏 陈传光
冠词是置于名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而单独存在。
在英语中,冠词可以分为定冠词和不定冠词两种。
不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前;an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。不定冠词的用法如下:
1.第一次提到某人(事物)且并非特指时,用不定冠词作介绍作用。例如:
Han Mei's parents paid a visit to England recently.
Helen is studying in a middle school in China.
2.用在单数普通名词前指一类人(事物),但不具体说明何人(事物)。例如:
A car runs faster than a bus.
She is an English teacher.
3.用在单数名词前,表示“一”,是数的概念,但没有one强烈。例如:
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
4.用在表示时间或度量单位的名词前,有“每一”的意思。例如:
The car is running 80 kilometers an hour.
5.用于某些习惯用语中。例如:
a few、a little、a lot of、a number of、in a hurry、a long time ago、an hour or two、once upon a time、have a rest、have a cold、take a look at、take a walk、for a while等。
英语中的定冠词只有一个,即the。其用法如下:
1.特指某人(事物),或指双方都知道的人(事物),或上文提到过的人(事物)。例如:
Who is the boy?
I bought a bike yesterday. The bike is red.
2.用在世界上独一无二事物的名词前;用在江、河、湖和海、山脉等名词前;用在序数词前;用在表示乐器的名词前;用在形容词最高级前;用在方位词前。例如:
The teacher told us the moon moves round the sun.
The Changjiang River is the longest river in the world.
3.用在姓氏复数形式前面,表示“夫妇”或“一家人”。例如:
The Blacks are interested in watching football games.
The Wangs have moved into the new flat.
4.用在有后置定语的名词前,表示特指。例如:
The girl in red has got her arm broken.
I'll pass it to the soldier under the tree.
5.用在某些形容词前表示“一类人”。例如:
The weak, like the strong, have their own place in the world.
People, both the poor and the rich like watching TV.
6.用于某些习惯用语中。例如:
in the morning、in the end、in the middle of、at the moment、on the right / left、on the other side of、go to the cinema、the Summer Palace、the Great Wall、the USA等。
1.复数名词或不可数名词表示一般意义而不表示具体的人或物时,不用冠词。例如:
Water is needed by all the living things.
Ducks swim very well.
2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格时,不用冠词。例如:
I will buy this computer for my brother if I have any money.
3.泛指节日、季节、月份、星期等名词前不用冠词。例如:
Teachers' Day、Children's Day、in May、at Christmas、in summer等。
4.在三餐、棋类、球类运动名称前,以及称呼语、职位头衔名词前不用冠词。例如:
He went to school without breakfast.
Boys prefer playing football to playing the violin.
5.不用冠词的习惯用语。例如:
at noon、at night、at first、by bus、on foot、go to school、go to bed、in hospital、stay in bed、at home、day and night、face to face、from morning till night、husband and wife等。
1.—What_____useful book it is!—Yeah,it tells you how to play the guitar.
A.an B.a C.the D./
【2018·内江中考题】
【答案与解析】B a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前。useful的第一个音素为辅音,要用a。
2.Hawking, one of_____most famous scientists, passed away in March.
【2018·镇江中考题】
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
【答案与解析】C 固定结构:one of the+形容词的最高级+复数名词,意为“最……的……之一”。故选C项。
3.I spend hour playing drums everyday.
【2018·绥化中考题】
A.a; the B.an; / C.an; the
【答案与解析】C 不定冠词用在表示时间的名词前,有“每一”的意思,an hour意为“一个小时”;乐器类前要加定冠词the。故选C项。
4.—I'm thirsty, Mom.
—Here is_____bottle of water for you.
【2018·淮安中考题】
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案与解析】A 不定冠词用在单数名词前,表示“一”,是数的概念,a bottle of water意为“一瓶水”。故选A项。
5.We should have_____breakfast every day to keep healthy.
【2018·青岛中考题】
A.a B.an C./ D.the
【答案与解析】C 表示三餐的名词前不用冠词。故选C项。
6.There will be_____talk on good manners at the school hall this afternoon.
【2018·宿迁中考题】
A.the B.an C.a D./
【答案与解析】C 表示泛指的数量“一”时,应用不定冠词a或an。其后的talk的第一个音素是辅音音素,应用冠词a。故选C项。
根据句意,在需要的地方填入适当的冠词。
1.This is_____way we walk to school. That is_____way we draw with markers.
2.In_____morning, I have_____breakfast. Then I go to_____school.
3.This is_____good way we wear our clothes on_____Sunday morning.
4.My bicycle is broken. I need_____new chain.
5.I have_____friend named Jenny Smith.She goes to school on foot.
6.This eraser is on_____sale._____eraser is one yuan.
7.That is a new book._____book is for Miss Green.
8.My uncle isn't_____old man, and he likes playing_____football.
(答案见第64页)