典型句型大聚会

上海 杜庆黎

●句型梳理

1.By the time I got up，my brother had already gotten in the shower.

by the time意为“在……以前；到……的时候”，后面常接句子，用来限定时间，与before或when同义。如果从句用了一般过去时，主句一般常用过去完成时；如果主句用了一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。例如：

By the time I got outside，the school bus had already gone.在我出门以前，校车已经离开了。

He will be a doctor by the time he is thirty.到三十岁时，他将会成为一名医生。

【真题链接】

By the time I got back to school,the bell_____.

【2015·龙东中考题】

A.rang B.has rung

C.had rung

【答案与解析】C by the time意为“在……以前；到……的时候”,如果其引导的时间状语从句是一般过去时,主句则用过去完成时。

2.I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.

be about to do sth.意为“正要/马上就要做某事”,可以表示将来的情况,但它表达的是最近的将来。例如：

The new term is about to begin.新学期就要开始了。

【知识拓展】

be about to do sth.when...意为“正要做某事,这时……”,其中的when...意为“(突然)这时……”。例如：

I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.我正要上床睡觉,这时电话响了。

They were about to leave when it started to snow.他们正要离开,这时突然开始下起雪来。

We were about to start when it began to rain.我们刚要出发天就下起雨来。

【真题链接】

—Did Mrs.White call you yesterday morning?

—Yes.I was about _____out for lunch when the telephone rang.

【2016·德州中考题】

A.going B.to going

C.to go D.go

【答案与解析】C be about to do sth.when...意为“正要做某事，这时……”，about后面要用to do形式。

3.When I got to school,I realized that I had left my backpack at home.

“leave sth.+地点”表示“把某物落在某地”，其中的“地点”多用介词短语表示,要注意其中的动词leave不要换成forget。例如：

I left my passport in the hotel.我把我的护照落在旅馆了。

Maybe you've left your key in the library.也许你把钥匙落在图书馆了。

【真题链接】

—We can't enter the room.I can't find my key.

—Is it possible that you _____it at home?

【2017·南京中考题】

A.left B.fixed

C.managed D.designed

【答案与解析】A left(leave的过去式)意为“遗忘”；fix意为“修理”；manage意为“管理”；design意为“设计”。根据题干上句句意“我们不能进入房间，我找不到我的钥匙了。”并结合所给选项可知，题干下句句意应是“你会不会把它落在家里了？”。

4.As I was waiting in line with the other office workers,I heard a loud sound.

句中的as引导的是时间状语从句。当主句是一般过去时，as或just as引导的从句的谓语是过去进行时，整个复合句表达的是“正当/就在……的时候，另外一件事情发生了”。例如：

As we were walking across the fields,a hare jumped out the grass.正当我们走路穿过田野时，一只野兔从草丛中跳了出来。

【真题链接】

A visitor arrived just as we _______out for the airport.

【2016·贺州中考题】

A.are setting B.were setting

C.will set D.have set

【答案与解析】B 句意：正当我们要动身去机场时，有位客人到了。根据句意和主句为一般过去时可知，设空处要用过去进行时。

5.We're trying to save the earth.

try to do sth.意为“尽力去做某事”，其中的to是动词不定式符号，后面接动词原形，其否定形式为try not to do sth.。例如：

I will try to finish the work in a week.我将尽力在一周内完成这项工作。

We try not to trouble him.我们尽量不打扰他。

【知识拓展】

try doing sth.表示“试着做某事”。例如：

Try doing it in another way.试着用另一种方法来做这件事。

【特别提醒】

manage to do sth.表示“设法完成(某件困难的事)”，包含经过努力之后达到了目的。例如：

We managed to get to the airport on time.我们设法准时赶到了机场。

【真题链接】

—I didn't hear you come in just now.

—That's good.I tried _______the baby up.

【2017·乐山中考题】

A.to wake B.not to wake

C.waking

【答案与解析】B 题干上句句意为“我刚才没有听见你进来”，根据题干下句中第一句的句意“那很好。”可知，第二句的句意应是“我尽量不弄醒这个婴儿”。try not to do sth.意为“尽量不做某事”。

6.I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.

remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事”，表示动作已经发生；remember to do sth.意为“记得要做某事”，表示动作尚未发生。例如：

I remember telling you about it before.我记得以前和你谈过这件事。

Please remember to phone me when you get there.到了那里请记住给我打个电话。

【真题链接】

—Mr.Ling,I have some difficulty _______ the article.

—Remember _______it three or four times at least.

【2016·泰州中考题】

A.to understand;reading

B.understanding;reading

C.understanding;to read

D.to understand;to read

【答案与解析】C句意：——凌先生,我在理解这篇文章上有困难。——记住至少要读三到四遍。have difficulty(in)doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”；remember to do sth.意为“记得要做某事”，表示某事还没有做，remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事”。结合句意及语境可知“至少要读三到四遍”这个动作还没有发生。

7.But along with difficulties,there will also be many exciting things waiting for you.

There be sb./sth.doing sth.是固定句型，意为“有某人或某物正在做某事/某事正在发生”。be动词的数要与句型中主语的数保持一致。例如：

There are some little girls playing games under the tree.有一些小女孩正在树下玩游戏。

There is a new machine working on the farm.在农场有一台新机器正在工作。

【真题链接】

—There are some boys _______ basketball over there.

—Let's go and join them.【2017·恩施市中考题】

A.are playing B.playing C.to play

【答案与解析】B 根据题干下句句意“让我们去加入他们吧”可知，题干上句句意应是“有一些男孩正在那边打篮球”，符合“There be sb.doing sth.”句型。

●跟踪检测

Ⅰ.根据句意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳的答案。

1.Look!There are some birds _______ in the sky.They are very beautiful.

A.to fly B.fly C.flying D.flown

2.By the time my parents got home yesterday,I _______dinner already.

A.have cooked B.cooked C.was cooking D.had cooked

3.I was about to get out of the room _______the door was opened.

A.where B.when C.that D.till

4.—Hi,Laura.Do you still remember _______me in the camp in Beidaihe?

—Of course I do.You were so careful and always remembered _______a map.

A.seeing;to take B.seeing;taking

C.to see;to take D.to see;taking

Ⅱ.按要求完成句子，每空一词。

5.We tried to make the visitors leave here early.(改为否定句)

We tried ______________make the visitors leave here early.

6.I was walking in the street.I saw a boy eating an ice-cream in a corner.(用as合并句子)

_______ _______ _______ _______in the street,I saw a boy eating an ice-cream in a corner.

7.直到到了办公室，我才意识到我把钥匙落在家里了。(根据汉语,完成译句)

I didn't realize that I ______________my key at home _______I arrived at my office.