李兴明
彝良县荞山镇中学 云南昭通 657600
课堂用语是教师组织课堂教学活动时所使用的语言,是课堂教学成功的保证之一。准确规范的课堂用语对学生具有示范性、指令性和导向性作用,它能激发学生学习英语的热情,树立自信心,充分调动他们参与教学活动的积极性;它能让学生养成良好的学习习惯,明白要做什么,怎样做,何时做。本文中我结合自己多年的教学经验,从以下六个方面来阐述英语课堂话语在教学中的运用。
课堂教学从走进教室的那一刻起就开始了。良好的开端对于一堂课来说非常重要,教师热情友好地与学生打招呼,不仅可以唤起学生的注意力,为开始上课做好准备,还可以创造一个平等、和谐、愉快的学习氛围,以保证课堂教学的顺利进行,提高课堂效率。例如,问候全班学生:Good moring!Good aftermoon!Hello!How are you?问候迟到的学生:Why are you late?对迟到的学生给予宽容:Never mind!It doesn't matter.对其提出要求和建议:Don't be late again!You should get up earlier!问候生病的学生:What's the matter with you?What's wrong with you?Do you have a cold/headache?并建议:You'd better go to see a doctor.You'd better lie down and rest.Have a good rest and you’ll be better soon.对上节课请病假的学生表示关心:Areyoufeeling bettertoday?1 hopeyouarebetter now.
在师生互动的教学活动中,教师对学生提问时的态度和言语要和蔼可亲,要尊重学生,不要让学生感到紧张。例如,鼓励学生回答问题:Could you please answer this question?If you can,hands up.Would you please have a try?If you can’t,listen to the others carefully.提问单词拼读:How do you spell“flower”?提问反义词:What's the opposite meaning of“dangerous”?提问词义:Do you know the meaning of this word?What does this word mean?用单词或词组造句:Will you please make sentenceswiththis word(phrase)?准确明晰且和蔼可亲的提问语不仅可以减轻学生的紧张情绪,还可以提高学生的学习积极性和学习兴趣。
为提高课堂用语的指示作用,不同的时间、不同的情景、不同的教学内容,教师可以选用不同的课堂话语,还可以结合国家大事、天气、校园新闻热点话题来选用不同的课堂用语。下雪了,学生都很兴奋,我就问:Whattheweatherliketoday?Do you like snow?Do you want to make a snowman?What kind of weather do you like best?学生的回答多种多样,还复习了有关天气描述的词汇:Rainy days make me sad.Snowy days make me excited.Cloudy days make me disappointed.Windy days make me frightend.Sunny days make me happy.结合仁爱版八年级第三单元教学内容:What's yourhobby?我采用下列话语来导入课堂教学:What's your hobby?What do you like?Can you sing?Can you dance?What kind of music do you like,soft music,rock music,pop music or classical music,etc?What kind of singers do you like,funny,cool,beautiful or handsome?
手势、眼神、微笑等动作和表情能强化课堂话语的效果。例如,微笑加语言最具感染力,我每天走进教室,微笑着问:Is everyone here today?Did you have a good time yesterday?一下就拉近了师生之间的距离;点头是一种肯定,当学生回答正确时,我边点头边说:Yes,you are right.这对学生是一种无声的鼓励;惊讶的表情可表示赞赏,当学生能够回答出难度较大的问题时,老师惊讶的表情就是对其最大的肯定;竖起大拇指可表示种高度的赞赏,能增强学生的自信心,获得成就感;当学生出色完成任务时,老师鼓掌表示赞扬,并号召学生一起鼓掌:Clap your hands!Give him a big hand.掌声使学生产生成就感,增强自信心。
树立积极评价的观念,鼓励学生创造性地学习,促进学生全面发展。当学生表现良好的时候:You are great!You are very good!You've really done a good job!当学生胆怯、自信心不足时:Come on!Have a try.That’s OK.Don't be shy.No one is perfect.Don’t worry.It doesn’t matter.Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.Take it easy.积极评价能给学生成就感,达到激励的目的。良言一句三冬暖,恶语伤人六月寒。评价要体现“人本性”,注重培养学生的积极情感。
当课堂教学结束时,教师需向学生宣布下课:Class is over.It's time to stop.Let's stop here.并向学生道别:Goodbye!Bye!Have a nice day/weekend/vacation/Have a good time!Happy New Year!Happy Spring Festival!Happy Mid autumn Day!Enjoy your weekend/vacation!See you again tomorrow/nextweek/later.告别语要让学生感受到来自老师的关怀、鼓励和祝福,这样可对他们完成课后布置的学习任务起到催化剂的作用。