赵亚楠 康晓静 于世荣 安彩霞 罗东 张景展
[摘要]目的:探讨头面部皮肤恶性肿瘤及癌前病变手术切除和创面修复的方法。方法:58例头面部恶性肿瘤及癌前病变患者,根据恶性肿瘤手术原则,彻底切除病灶,应用原位缝合9例,游离皮片18例,局部皮瓣31例的方法进行修复。结果:本组58例,除1例皮片移植表皮部分坏死,经换药治疗伤口二期愈合外,其余植皮及皮瓣均一期修复,供区均一期愈合,颜面部外观满意。完成随访的42例中,1例面部鳞癌经局部皮瓣修复术后1年复发,再次扩大切除行皮片移植术后随访3年未见复发,其余41例均未见复发。结论:对于头面部恶性肿瘤及癌前病变应早期诊断,依据恶性肿瘤的治疗原则彻底切除病灶,术中快速冰冻切片可降低复发率,修复缺损应最大程度兼顾缺损区域功能和外形。
[关键词]创面修复;恶性肿瘤;癌前病变;头面部;皮瓣;植皮修复;手术切除
[中图分类号]R622 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2018)12-0028-03
Surgical Resection and Wound Repair for Cutaneous and Malignant Precancerous Lesions of the Head and Face
ZHAO Ya-nan,KANG Xiao-jing,YU Shi-rong,AN Cai-xia,LUO Dong,ZHANG Jing-zhan
(Department of Dermatology,the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital,Urumqi 830001,Xinjiang,China)
Abstract: Objective To investigate the methods of resection and wound repair of skin malignant tumor and precancerous lesions in the head and face. Methods There were 58 patients with head and face malignant tumors and precancerous lesions, according to the principle of malignant tumor surgery, the focus were thorough excision, 9 cases were repaired with orthotopic suture, 18 cases with free skin grafting and 31 cases with local skin flap. Results All the cases in this group were primary repair and primary healing, except for one case of which the skin grafting surface was partly necrosis,and healed in secondary. Among 42 cases with foIlow up, one case of facial squamous cell carcinoma recurred 1 year after local skin flap repair, no recurrence was found in 3 years of follow-up after extended resection and skin graft, and no recurrence was found in the remaining 41 cases. Conclusion For head and face malignant tumors and precancerous lesions, it should be early diagnosed and completely resected according to the treatment principle of malignant tumors. Rapid frozen section during surgery can reduce the recurrence rate, and the function and shape of the defect area should be taken into account to the greatest extent for the repair of defects.
Key words: wound repair; malignant tumor; precancerous lesions; head and face; skin flap; skin graft repair; surgical resection
2013年3月-2017年6月,筆者医院共收治头面部皮肤恶性肿瘤及癌前病变58例,病灶经根治性手术切除后分别采用原位缝合、皮片移植、局部皮瓣的方法进行修复,42例患者术后获得1~3年的随访,取得了比较满意的治疗效果,现报道如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 临床资料:58例头面部恶性肿瘤患者,男32例,女26例,年龄44~82岁,病程3个月~4年。病变部位:头皮6例、眼睑3例、眉部1例、鼻部6例、颞部9例、鼻唇沟8例、内眦3例、额部5例、颊部7例、下颌部4例、颧部6例。修复缺损范围5mm×7mm~55mm×65mm,病变均未发生局部淋巴及远位器官转移。临床表现:头面部肿物部伴有溃疡、结痂、接触性出血。
1.2 方法:术前全部经皮肤病检或皮肤共聚焦显微镜检查明确诊断。在局部阻滞麻醉下行皮肤恶性肿瘤根治切除术,严格遵守无瘤、无菌操作要求。术前根据肿瘤类型、分化程度及有无复发等因素确定切除广度[1]。一般情况下切口距肿瘤外缘:基底细胞癌为5~10mm,鳞状细胞癌为10~20mm,日光性角化病3~5mm。复发病例切除范围30mm。切除深度根据术中具体情况决定,需超出肿瘤侵犯层次至正常组织层。一般肿瘤在面部的切除深度达浅筋膜层,位于头皮浅表局限的肿瘤一般切至帽状腱膜层[2]。肿瘤切除后用双极电凝或电刀彻底止血,必要时可缝扎血管,以生理盐水冲洗创面,更换纱布刀片。采用个体化修复方案,根据缺损大小、组织损伤程度及切口周围皮肤的具体情况进行修复,分别采用:①原位缝合9例;②游离皮片18例;③局部皮瓣31例,包括改良菱形皮瓣12例、鼻唇沟皮瓣5例、旋转皮瓣3例、风筝皮瓣1例,Burow楔形皮瓣4例,双蒂推进皮瓣3例(见图1~2),“A-T”皮瓣3例(见图3~4)。术前病理活检确诊为恶性肿瘤的患者,术中行快速冰冻切片病理检查,以判断手术切缘是否彻底,如边缘未切净,在残留肿瘤一侧扩大2~5mm范围再次切除。原位缝合常用可吸收缝合线行减张缝合。游离皮片移植可选择四肢屈侧皮肤或腹部皮肤,取皮区略大于创面,将所取全厚皮片修剪成刃厚皮片备用,取皮区一般直接缝合,将游离皮片放置于创面,打包缝合,加压包扎。局部皮瓣修复需根据病变大小及位置合理设计皮瓣,按设计线切开并掀起皮瓣覆盖创面,分层缝合,供皮区创面直接缝合。术后切除标本送病理检查,以明确肿瘤类型、分化程度及切缘是否残留肿瘤组织。