初中英语语法教学措施研究

2017-12-18 22:21邓洁
中学生英语·外语教学与研究 2017年11期
关键词:时态语法情景

邓洁

语法教学是外语教学的重要组成部分。语法学习应本着实用的原则,与语言的运用结合起来,才能起到促进理解、监控输出的作用,使语言知识与技能融为一体。

在初中英语教学中坚持运用以下二原则,可有效提升语法教学效率。

1. 坚持“意义先行,形意结合”的原则

在教肯定祈使句和否定祈使句时,传统的教学方式是直接让学生将肯定祈使句变为否定祈使句。如:

Keep quiet!—Dont keep quiet!

Arrive on time!—Dont arrive on time!

Be careful!--Dont be careful!

Be happy!—Dont be happy!

这种教学方式只关注了语言的形式,忽略了语言的意义。

若改为以下的方式:

Keep quiet!—Dont make noise!

Arrive on time!—Dont be late!

Be careful!—Dont be careless!

Be happy!—Dont be sad!

这样就既关注了语言的形式 更关注了语言意义。

又如语言知识的学习:Its adj. to do sth.传统的教学方式是:规则讲解,再中译英例句,最后机械操练。可改为如下方式:首先给一个情景,然后在情景中教学。如:

Tom and Mary are talking about Marys new apartment. Use the phrases from the box to complete their conversation. (hard to sleep, convenient to get there, nice to live, safe to live)

T: Do you like your new flat?

M: Oh, yes. ______ in a new flat. (答案:Its nice to live)

T: No complains about it?

M: Well, sometimes its noisy at night, so _______. (答案:its hard to sleep)

T: It is in Tanghu, isnt it?

M: Right, and ______ because its in the center of Shuangliu. (答案: its convenient to get there)

T: Do you have good security?

M: 24 hours a day, so ______. (答案: its safe to live there)

这种教学方式既关注了语言的形式,更注重了语言的意义,还能促进学生思维品质的提升。

2. 坚持“隐性与显性教学相结合”的原则

常用隐性语法教学方法,避免直接谈论所学的语法规则,通过观察、探究归纳语法规则,通过情景体验语言,通过交际运用内化语法规则。

教学案例一:一般现在时态第三人称单数动词词尾加“s/es”的教学中,学生总是忘记三人称单数,可设计以下教学活动:

Step 1:观察下列句子中的划线动词,你发现什么?

(1) I dance well. She dances well.

(2) I watch TV on weekends. He watches TV only on Sunday.

(3) I play sports every day. Mary also plays sports every day.

(4) You study in Tanghu Middle School. My friend studies in Shuangshi Middle School.

这一环节中应引导学生观察概括和探究该时态规则。

Step 2: 用动词的正确形式填空:

I _______ (go) to school by bike. Tom _______ (go) to school by bus.

I _______ (get) up early, Linda _______ up late.

Mary and Lucy _______ (like) English, but Jim _______ (like) maths.

这一环节中应引导学生识别和初步运用该时态。

Step 3: Complete this poem.

A friend is like a hand. It _______ in need. (答案:comes)

A friend is like a bird. It _______ to make you happy. (答案:sings)

A friend is like a wind. It _______ your mind when you are mad. (答案:cools)

這一环节借助一则小诗再次为学生创设情景,让学生通过情景体验语言,通过交际运用内化语法规则,启发学生心智,使其更加珍爱生命。

(作者单位:四川成都双流棠湖中学实验学校)

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