花生单株产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

李新娜，齐丽雅，何孟霞，刘 红

(邢台农业科学研究院，河北 邢台 054000)

花生单株产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

李新娜，齐丽雅*，何孟霞，刘 红

(邢台农业科学研究院，河北 邢台 054000)

利用灰色关联度分析法分析12个花生品种中11个主要农艺性状与单株产量之间的关联度。分析结果显示11个主要农艺性状与单株产量的关联度分别为主茎高(0.657)，总分枝数(0.633)，侧枝长(0.652)，饱果数(0.665)，结果枝数(0.693)，单株结果数(0.693)， 百果重(0.675)，百仁重(0.715)，千克果数(0.705)，千克仁数(0.708)，出油率(0.688)。表明在花生育种过程中百仁重、千克仁数、千克果数、饱果数和单株结果数与单株产量的关联度比主茎高、侧枝长、总分枝数、结果枝数、百果重和出油率与单株产量的关联度要高。

灰色关联度分析；农艺性状；单株产量；花生

Peanut (ArachishypogaeaL.), one of the choicest agricultural economic crop, is mainly cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical regions in more than 100 countries including China. The global harvested area of peanut was 26,541,660 ha and the production was 43,915,365 t in 2014 while the harvested area of peanut was 4,603,850 ha and the corresponding production was 16,481,700 t in China (http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/collections?subset=agriculture 2014). Peanut provide various nutrient materials including protein, fat, calcium, iron, vitamin B complex and vitamin-A[1]. Peanut oil is the main source of edible oil in China, and China contributes the highest worldwide share. Especially in Third World countries, peanut has a potential role in reducing hunger or malnutrition and is considered to be a rich-nutrition crop[2].

The yield of peanut is a complex traits influenced by many factors such as agronomic trait, insect pests, drought, and diseases[3-5].The main agronomic traits of peanut contains main stem height, total branch number, lateral branch length, full-pod number, fruit branch number, and etc. Peanut yield, which play paramount role in the peanut production, was directly or indirectly affected by the agronomic traits. In the present study, we performed grey relational grade analysis to evaluate the relationship between yield and main agronomic traits of peanut.

1 Materials and methods

Twelve cultivated peanut, including Tang05-9814, 200703-9-3, Jinong10-26-12-3, Xinyu1, Ji0607-5, Jihua5, Tang6417, 200711-31-2, JinongG110, Xinyu2, Ji50112, Jihua4, were used in this study. The seeds were sown in the experimental field of Xingtai agricultural science research institute. The geographic and meteorological information of experimental field were as follows: east longitude 114.68°, north latitude 37.13°; altitude 35m; annual average rainfall 498.2 mm; average temperature 13℃; annual average sunshine hours 2567.5 h; annual average frost-free period 197 d; annual accumulated temperature 4197℃. The detection of loam soil was performed in Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science and the data was as follows: total nitrogen 0.76g/kg, organic matter 12.32g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen 69.36g/kg, rapidly available phosphorus 12.45g/kg, rapidly available potassium 166.6 g/kg.

The seeds were sown in triplicate on May 6th, 2016 with completely randomized block design. The plot area for seeding was 1.33×10-3ha (length 5.6m, width 2.4m, row spacing 40cm, plant distance 16.5cm). Field management of fertilizer application, water irrigation and pest control was executed through the same way as the local field cultivation.

2 Results and analysis

2.1 Data of twelve main agronomic characters

Table 1 Eleven agronomic characters and yield per plant (YP) of twelve cultivated peanut in 2016

At maturity, main stem height (MH), total branch number (TB), lateral branch length (LBL), full-pod number (FP), fruit branch number (FB), pods per plant (PP), yield per plant (YP), 100-pod weight (PW), 100-kernel weight (KW), peanut kernel yield (PKY), pod number per kg (PN), kernel number per kg (KN) were determined and listed in Table 1.The yield (YP) of the twelve cultivars were used as the referenced sequencey, and the eleven agronomic characters were used as the compared sequencesxi(MH, LBL, TB, FB, FP, PP, PW, KW, PN, KN, PKY).

2.2 Determination of grey relational coefficient

Table 2 The average values and standard deviation of eleven agronomic characters and yield per plant

Table 3 Standardization values of eleven agronomic characters and yield per plant (YP)

Table 4 Absolute differences of reference sequence y and compared sequence xi

The relational coefficients between eleven agronomic characters and yield per plant were obtained according to the formula:

2.3 Determination of grey relational grade

The determination of grey relational grade was performed according to the formula below.rwas the grey relational grade;nwas the number of eleven agronomic characters;ξi(j) was the relational coefficients. The grey relational grade result between the grain yield and the eleven agronomic characters were obtained as follows:r1=0.66,r2=0.63,r3=0.65,r4=0.66,r5=0.69,r6=0.69,r7=0.67,r8=0.72,r9=0.70,r10=0.71,r11=0.69.

Table 5 Sequences of relational coefficients between eleven agronomic characters and yield per plant (YP)

3 Discussion

Grey relational grade analysis basing on the grey system theory[7]has been widely used in various kinds of crops including wheat, soybean, and corn[8-10]. Grey relational grade analysis always performed to evaluate the relationships between the yield and the main agronomic characters in crops. According to the grey system theory, the degree of correlation between factors was determined based on the similar degree of curve[11]. The potential role of agronomic characters in the process of breeding was represented by grey relational grade.

In this study, we employed grey relational grade analysis to determine the roles of eleven main agronomic characters in the breeding of peanut. The data indicated that 100-kernel weight (KW,r8=0.715), kernel number per kg (KN,r10=0.708), pod number per kg (PN,r9=0.705), full-pod number (FP,r5=0.693), and pods per plant (PP,r6=0.693) play prominent roles compared with the other six agronomic characters (MHr1=0.657, LBLr2=0.633, TBr3=0.652, FBr4=0.665, PWr7=0.675, PKYr11=0.688) in the process of peanut breeding. In the study of Zheng et al, they also found 100-kernel weight (KW) was the most import agronomic characters in peanut breeding, which was consistent with our result. However, their data showed 100-pod weight (PW), lateral branch length (LBL), and main stem height (MH) also were important for peanut breeding[12]. This may be attributing to the different genetic characteristics or environmental conditions of twelve cultivated peanut which need more studies. In conclusion, our findings will provide a basis for the breeding of peanut.

4 Conclusions

We performed grey relational grade analysis in the present paper to evaluate the role of eleven main agronomic characters in the process of peanut breeding. Our result suggested 100-kernel weight, kernel number per kg, pod number per kg, full-pod number, and pods per plant were relatively more important than main stem height, lateral branch length, total branch number, fruit branch number, 100-pod weight, peanut kernel yield in peanut breeding.

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GreyRelationalGradeAnalysisonYieldandMainAgronomicCharactersofPeanut(ArachishypogaeaL.)

LI Xin-na, QI Li-ya*, HE Meng-xia, LIU Hong

(XingtaiInstituteofAgriculturalSciences,Xingtai054000,China)

Twelve cultivated peanut varieties (Tang05-9814, 200703-9-3, Jinong10-26-12-3, Xinyu1, Ji0607-5, Jihua5, Tang6417, 200711-31-2, JinongG110, Xinyu2, Ji50112, Jihua4) were selected to study the relationship between yield and eleven main agronomic traits (main stem height (MH), total branch number (TB), lateral branch length (LBL), full-pod number (FP), fruit branch number (FB), pods per plant (PP), yield per plant (YP), 100-pod weight (PW), 100-kernel weight (KW), peanut kernel yield (PKY), pod number per kg (PN), kernel number per kg (KN)) of peanut by using grey relational grade method. It was showed that the grey relational grade result between the grain yield and the eleven agronomic characters was MH (0.657), LBL(0.633), TB(0.652), FB(0.665), FP(0.693), PP(0.693), PW(0.675), KW(0.715), PN(0.705), KN(0.708), PKY (0.688). It can be concluded that 100-kernel weight, kernel number per kg, pod number per kg, full-pod number, and pod per plant were relatively more important than main stem height, lateral branch length, total branch number, fruit branch number, 100-pod weight, peanut kernel yield in peanut breeding process.

grey relational grade analysis; agronomic characters; yield per plant; peanut (ArachishypogaeaL.)

10.14001/j.issn.1002-4093.2017.03.001

S565.201

A

2017-05-19

河北省科技计划项目(16226301D)；现代农业科技奖励性后补助资金项目(17927699H)

李新娜(1987-)，女，河北邢台人，邢台市农业科学院农艺师，硕士，主要从事花生遗传育种研究。

*通讯作者：齐丽雅(1965-)，女，研究员，主要从事花生遗传育种研究。E-mail: qlyxtnky@sina.com