廖小龙 郭伟新 王中华 梁骏 王首红
[摘要]目的 探討降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)与线粒体DNA(mt-DNA)水平检测在老年脓毒症多器官功能衰竭(MODSE)病情评估中的应用价值。方法 选取2014年1月~2016年12月我院收治的62例老年脓毒症患者,将其中合并器官功能衰竭的29例患者设为衰竭组,未合并器官功能衰竭的33例患者设为未衰竭组;选取同期的30例正常体检者作为对照组。比较三组受检者的PCT、CRP、mt-DNA水平差异。结果 脓毒症患者的PCT、CRP、mt-DNA水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),衰竭组的mt-DNA、PCT水平显著高于未衰竭组(P<0.05),但衰竭组的CRP水平与未衰竭组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。根据器官衰竭情况进一步分组,分为单器官衰竭组(11例)、双器官衰竭组(9例)、三个及以上器官衰竭组(9例),随着衰竭器官数量的增多,患者的mt-DNA、PCT水平也显著增高,各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但各组间CRP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PCT、CRP及mt-DNA均能提示老年患者脓毒症的发生,PCT、mt-DNA水平测定不但能够用于脓毒症的诊断,更能够用于老年脓毒症患者器官功能衰竭情况的评估,值得在临床中推广和应用。
[关键词]脓毒症;多器官功能衰竭;老年;降钙素原;C反应蛋白;线粒体DNA
[中图分类号] R592 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2017)10(c)-0123-03
Application of procalcitonin,C-reactive protein and mitochondrial DNA level test in the assessment of multiple organ dysfunction in elderly patients with sepsis
LIAO Xiao-long GUO Wei-xin WANG Zhong-hua LIANG Jun WANG Shou-hong
Institute of Geriatrics,People′s Hospital of Guangdong Province (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences),Guangzhou 510080,China
[Abstract]Objective To explore the application values of procalcitonin (PCT),C-reactive protein (CRP) and mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) level test in the assessment of multiple organ dysfunction in multiple organ dysfunction in elderly (MODSE) patients with sepsis.Methods From January 2014 to December 2016,62 elderly patients with sepsis admitted into our hospital were selected as research objects.Among them,29 patients complicated with organ failure were classified into the failure group,and the rest was categorized into the non-failure group.Meanwhile,another group of 30 healthy participants after physical examinations was classified into the control group.The differences of PCT,CRP,and mt-DNA levels were compared.Results The levels of PCT,CRP and mt-DNA levels in sepsis patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).The levels of mt-DNA and PCT in the failure group were significantly higher than those in the non-failure group (P<0.05).But,there was no great difference in CRP between the failure group and the non-failure group (P>0.05).According to the conditions of organ failure,the patients were further divided into the single-organ failure group (n=11),the double-organ failure group (n=9),and the three or above organ failure group (n=9).With the increased number of failure organs,the levels of mt-DNA and PCT were greatly increased,which were displayed statistical significance between inter-group comparison (P<0.05),the CRP level was not in a statistical difference after comparison (P>0.05).Conclusion Procalcitonin,CRP and mt-DNA all can indicate the occurrence of sepsis in elderly patients.Test of PCT and mt-DNA levels can not only be used in the diagnosis of sepsis,but also to evaluate the MODSE patients with sepsis,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.endprint
[Key words]Sepsis;Multiple organ dysfunction;Elderly;Procalcitonin;C-reactive protein;Mitochondrial DNA
脓毒症是感染引起的全身炎症反应综合征,具有复杂的生理病理机制,此类疾病发病快、进展迅速,死亡率高,且患者易出现休克及多器官功能衰竭等情况,因此脓毒症的早期病情评估对于患者的预后而言十分重要[1]。近年来生物标志物的应用给脓毒症的诊断和评估提供了新的思路,目前临床常用的脓毒症评估指标包括降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、乳酸等,但这些指标具有一定的局限性[2]。线粒体DNA(mt-DNA)是血浆中可检测到的游离DNA片段,主要是由于细胞坏死或凋零释放,也有部分为主动分泌释放,在正常人体血浆中含量较低。近年来关于mt-DNA水平检测在多种疾病诊断上均有较好应用[3],但国内关于mt-DNA水平与脓毒症相关性的研究报道尚少。本文就PCT、CRP、mt-DNA水平检测在脓毒引起的老年脓毒症多器官功能衰竭(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the elderly,MODSE)评估中的应用效果进行研究评价,现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取2014年1月~2016年12月转入或入住我科的62例老年脓毒症患者,将其中合并器官功能衰竭的29例患者设为衰竭组,未合并器官功能衰竭的33例患者设为未衰竭组;选取同期的30例正常体检者作为对照组。衰竭组中,男性15例,女性14例;年龄70~92岁,平均(79.4±2.5)岁。未衰竭组中,男性17例,女性16例;年龄71~90岁,平均(79.2±2.6)岁。对照组中,男性16例,女性14例;年龄70~91岁,平均(79.5±2.9)岁。三组受检者均知情同意参与研究,一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究经医院医学伦理委员会审批通过。
1.2方法
患者转入或入住ICU后进行常规检查,包括CRP、PCT检测,收集临床检验中的这两项数据。另外再取患者静脉血2 ml置于EP管中,室温下静置30 min,3000 r/min下离心10 min,将上层血浆转移至另外一个洁净EP管中,再于10000 r/min下离心10 min,完全去除细胞成分后将上层血浆转移至冻存管中,置于-80℃条件下保存备用。采用实时荧光定量检验进行mt-DNA水平测定,引物序列参照Butt等[4]的文献,上游引物:CACAGAAGCTGCCATCAAGTA,下游引物:CCGGAGAGTATATTGTTGAAGAG。试剂盒由Qiagen公司提供,检测过程严格按照试剂说明书进行操作。
1.3观察指标
比较三组受检者的PCT、CRP及mt-DNA水平差异。将衰竭组患者根据衰竭器官数量进行进一步分组,对比不同衰竭器官数量患者的PCT、CRP及mt-DNA水平差异。
1.4统计学方法
采用SPSS 20.0统计学软件对数据进行处理,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用方差分析,检验水平α=0.05。
2结果
2.1三组患者PCT、CRP、mt-DNA水平的比较
脓毒症患者(衰竭组与未衰竭组)的PCT、CRP、mt-DNA水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),衰竭组的mt-DNA、PCT水平显著高于未衰竭组(P<0.05),但衰竭组的CRP水平与未衰竭组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。
2.2不同衰竭器官数量患者PCT、CRP、mt-DNA水平的比较
根据器官衰竭情况进一步分组,随着衰竭器官数量的增多,患者的mt-DNA、PCT水平也显著增高,各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但各组间的CRP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表2)。
3讨论
脓毒症具有发病急、进展快、预后差的特点,多见于儿童。对于老年脓毒症患者而言,由于身体各项功能均出现衰退,发生器官衰竭的可能性也有所增加。PCT被广泛用于感染性疾病的诊断,能够反映全身性炎症反应的活跃程度,一般而言,影响PCT水平的因素主要包括感染器官的大小和类型等,但Dwivedi等[5]的研究显示,在胰岛素抵抗患者血清中也能发现PCT水平的异常增高,因此认为PCT并非针对传统意义上的急性感染而发生改变,而是发生在感染性和自身免疫性炎症水平以下的炎症反应中。CRP属于一种急性时相反應蛋白,对于各种炎症反应均有较高的敏感性,当CRP水平增高时往往提示慢性免疫系统被激活。CRP属于多功能蛋白,能够激活蛋白Ⅰ/核因子K*的信号传导通路,从而导致酪氨酸磷酸化过程异常,Gloria等[6]的研究显示,脓毒症患者随着症状的加深,CRP水平也会表现出明显的上升。目前关于PCT、CRP与脓毒症的关系已有报道,但主要集中在诊断应用上[7-9]。
Mt-DNA是由线粒体分泌的一种遗传物质,在不同组织中的变化很大,一般而言,正常人体血浆内的mt-DNA水平极低,而当组织细胞出现大面积的坏死、凋零时,mt-DNA会被释放入血,导致血浆mt-DNA水平的增高[10-12]。mt-DNA由于缺乏组蛋白的保护,且无对应的修复机制,因此当感染诱发炎症反应时mt-DNA会被氧自由基和其他毒性物质损伤,同时线粒体遭到破坏,mt-DNA被释放入血,导致循环中游离的mt-DNA及碎片增多[13-15]。从本次研究数据来看,脓毒症患者的PCT、CRP及mt-DNA水平显著高于正常人群,但CRP并不能反应患者是否发生器官衰竭。从进一步的研究来看,CRP水平与器官衰竭数量无关,但PCT、mt-DNA不但能够反映脓毒症患者是否合并器官衰竭,同时也能够反应器官衰竭的数量。考虑原因可能是由于组织器官出现损伤时血浆mt-DNA水平增高,且受累器官越多,损伤越重则游离mt-DNA也就越多,而CRP只能反应机体的炎症进展。endprint
综上所述,PCT、CRP及mt-DNA均能提示老年患者脓毒症的发生,mt-DNA水平测定不但能够用于脓毒症的诊断,更能够用于老年脓毒症患者器官功能衰竭情况的评估,值得在临床中推广和应用。
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(收稿日期:2017-06-25 本文编辑:祁海文)endprint