陈文有 杨锋彬 简紫微 李华芳 邹耀祥
[摘要] 目的 探讨锁骨下动脉瘤治疗策略。 方法 回顾性分析解放军第一七五医院2015年6—12月右锁骨下动脉瘤患者2例,1例行腔内动脉瘤栓塞隔绝(患者A),1例行杂交手术(患者B),并学习相关文献。 结果 2例动脉瘤均血栓化,解决了动脉瘤破裂出血的风险。行栓塞隔绝的患者A术后初期因为血供不足偶感右上肢乏力,尤以拎重物时明显,半年后症状消失;患者B既解除了动脉瘤破裂的警报,同时保证了右上肢及右椎动脉的血供。 结论 右锁骨下动脉瘤的治疗方式应因人而异,根据患者的病情选择适宜的治疗方案,同时尽可能保证患肢及患侧椎动脉血供。
[关键词] 右锁骨下动脉瘤;弹簧圈栓塞;腔内隔绝;杂交手术
[中图分类号] R445 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)09(b)-0095-03
[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to investigate the subclavian artery aneurysm treatment strategy. Methods A retrospective analysis of the right subclavian artery aneurysm in 2 cases from June to December 2015 in this hospital was carried out, 1 case with endovascular embolization of aneurysms (patient A), the other case with hybrid operation (patient B), and related literature was studied. Results Two cases of aneurysms became thrombosis, solving the risk of aneurysm rupture. Patient A with right upper extremity with embolization felt weakness in early times after the operation due to insufficient blood supply, especially when lifting the heavy objects, 6 months later, the symptoms disappeared. Hybrid operation for patient B with aneurysms not only released the rupture alert, but also ensured blood supply of the right arm and right vertebral artery. Conclusion The treatment of aneurysm of the right subclavian should differ from person to person, according to the patients illness, the suitable treatment plan should be chosen. At the same time, blood supply of the limb and ipsilateral vertebral artery should be ensured as far as possible.
[Key words] Right subclavian artery; Embolism with spring coil; Isolated intracavity; Hybrid operation
鎖骨下动脉瘤是一种外周动脉瘤,以动脉粥样硬化、创伤为常见病因,分为真性动脉瘤和假性动脉瘤,假性动脉瘤以右侧锁骨下动脉较为多见,多为医源性穿刺损伤造成。平时无特殊表现,若瘤内血栓形成、栓子脱落造成上肢或脑动脉栓塞以及动脉瘤破裂或者压迫周围组织则可出现相应临床表现。若血栓脱落可引起肢体缺血、脑动脉栓塞;动脉瘤破裂则发生大出血,死亡率较高;若动脉瘤压迫臂神经可出现上肢疼痛、功能障碍,压迫喉返神经则出现声音嘶哑。故锁骨下动脉瘤一旦明确,应及时处理。由于其特殊的解剖关系,常规开放手术创伤较大。锁骨下动脉瘤选择什么样治疗方式较为合适,以下就2015年6—12月该院2例右锁骨下动脉瘤患者进行分析,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
病例1:吴某某,男,33岁,因“右颈部胀痛伴咳嗽、声音嘶哑1月余”入院。查体:双侧桡动脉搏动正常,右锁骨上可闻及血管杂音。入院后查CTA提示右锁骨下动脉瘤,动脉瘤直径约5.5 cm,距离右锁骨下动脉开口约2 cm。
病例2:蔡某某,女,61岁,因左侧肢体无力入院,既往有脑梗病史21年余,入院诊断为:复发性脑梗。入院后查CTA提示右锁骨下动脉瘤,动脉瘤直径约5 cm,距离右锁骨下动脉开口约1.5 cm,双侧颈内动脉硬化闭塞,右侧椎动脉纤细,左侧椎动脉代偿,明显增粗。
1.2 治疗方法
(1)患者A采取了右侧锁骨下动脉弹簧圈栓塞(动脉瘤远端)+头臂干-右颈总动脉腹膜支架植入术,具体步骤如下:①常规消毒,铺无菌巾,局部麻醉下穿刺右股动脉,置入5F导管鞘。②引入5F RH肝管至胸主动脉。在0.035in黑泥鳅导丝引导下将5.0F 猪尾巴导管选入主动脉造影:右侧锁骨下动脉起始部见假性动脉瘤,大小约为约5 cm×6 cm,距右锁骨下动脉开口约2 cm,左侧椎动脉优势、显影良好,开口未见狭窄。交换超硬导丝,将10 mm×6 cm覆膜支架覆盖于右侧锁骨下动脉开口。造影见:右锁骨下动脉瘤未显示,且无内漏。右颈内动脉血流通畅,右锁骨下动脉通过右椎动脉倒流可见显影。右上肢皮温正常。③穿刺右肱动脉,置入5F短鞘,置入单弯导管,将导管置右锁骨下动脉造影示:右侧锁骨下动脉显示,血流明显减慢,锁骨下动脉远端血管通畅。密切透视下将5枚弹簧圈释放于右锁骨下动脉瘤远端,再次造影:右侧锁骨下动脉瘤未显影。endprint