一看就会做，一做肯定错

康传桂

在做题的过程中，有些题目看起来似曾相识，轻而易举就可选出“正确答案”，结果往往发现自己错了。这就是我们所说的“陷阱题”。它们看似简单，实则不易解答。出题者往往设下“陷阱”，让考生用固定的思维考虑，导致其误选答案。它具有较强的引诱力，较大的迷惑性和较好的隐蔽性。因此备受出题者青睐，就2017年，高考试卷中就有这种类型的试题出现。考生该怎么应对呢？当你遇到这种题时，既不可“轻易下手”，也不可不知所措。其实是有窍门可言的。首先，你要认真审题，发现“陷阱”。要灵活地运用语法规则，理顺思路，寻找“陷阱”。其次，要多向思维，分析“陷阱”。不要用习惯的、单一的、片面的思维去解题。再者，要去伪存真，识别“陷阱”。要抓住基本知识点及特殊现象，不厌其烦地归纳理解，认清选择题目中的“鱼目”及“珍珠”，避免落入“陷阱”。最后就是要加强验证，跳出“陷阱”。要有良好的检查验证习惯，掌握验证的方法，即使落入了“陷阱”，也能在验证过程中，发现“陷阱”，迅速地跳出來。

请先看2017年江苏高考英语的部分试题：

21. Many Chinese brands， ______ their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.

A. having developed B. being developed

C. developed D. developing

【题干含义】 享有数百年声誉的中国品牌在当今市场上正面临着新的挑战。

【出题意图】 本题重点考查非谓语动词的用法。判断好主被动和时间先后关系，是解题关键。

【详细解析】 非谓语动词放在单项选择第一题考查，这还是头一次。初看上去develop与brand是动宾关系，好像选B；但实际上，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系，又根据over centuries判断，表示完成概念。故正确答案应该选择A。

22. ______ not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.

A. It were B. Were it

C. It was D. Was it

【题干含义】 要不是有老师的支持，该学生是无法克服自己的困难的。

【出题意图】 本题考查虚拟语气用法。这里要判断it和谓语was或were，以及用的是倒装句是本题解题关键。

【详细解析】 本题考查虚拟语气省去if的倒装现象且与现在事实相反的倒装，省去if则需将was 还是were提到句首？初步看上去是选D，但实际上正确答案应该选择B。

24. The publication of Great Expectations， which ______ both widely reviewed and highly praised， strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.

A. is B. are

C. was D. were

【题干含义】 《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛认可和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。

【出题意图】 关键是找准本题主语publication，而不是Great Expectations及确定时态。

【详细解析】 本题是对主谓一致的考查。找准本题的主语The publication，加之陈述的又是过去的事实，所以正确答案选择C。

26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20， half of ______ it used to charge.

A. that B. which

C. what D. how

【题干含义】 我们选择这家宾馆是因为它一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是它家过去要价一晚一半的价钱。

【出题意图】 该题陷阱是名词性从句缺少宾语时用什么关系词。

【详细解析】 因名词性从句中少宾语，只能用what， 就是what既作介词of宾语，又做charge的宾语。所以正确答案选择C。

27. He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he ______ .

A. was being followed B. was following

C. had been followed D. followed

【题干含义】 他赶紧回家，头也不回看一下自己是否正在被人跟踪。

【出题意图】 既考时态又考语态。容易顾此失彼。

【详细解析】 根据句意表示“被跟踪”，所以排除B和D，又根据hurried，所以正确答案选择A。

28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme， one of ______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

A. which B. it's

C. whose D. whom

【题干含义】 1963年，联合国建立世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围的饥饿问题。

【出题意图】 考查三种从句中的定语从句，本题用whose还是whom，好多学生肯定很纠结。endprint

【详细解析】 本题从句中关键词whose，表所属关系，所以正确答案选择C。

31. He's been informed that he ______ for the scholarship because of his academic background.

A. hasn't qualified B. hadn't qualified

C. doesn't qualify D. wasn't qualifying

【题干含义】 他被告知由于他的学术背景，他没能获得奖学金。

【出题意图】 此题很容易选D。

【详细解析】 本题考查动词时态语态。结合has been informed为现在完成时，对横线处造成影响，因此选择A。

35. —Going to watch the Women's Volleyball Match on Wednesday？

—______！ Will you go with me？

A. You there B. You bet

C. You got me D. You know better

【题干含义】 ——星期三去看女排比赛吗？ ——当然！你和我一起去吗？

【出题意图】 语境题最容易错，要多积累。

【详细解析】 本题考查情景交际，选项意思分别为：A. You there你在这儿呀（打招呼）；B. You bet没错；当然；C. You got me你难住我了；你明白我的意思；D. You know better 你明知道不该做或你知道的更多。因此选B。

趁热打铁

1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could ______ a good college.

A. enter B. to enter

C. entering D. entered

2. All her time ______ experiments， she has no time for films.

A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing

C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing

3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier， ______ it more difficult.

A. not make B. not to make

C. not making D. do not make

4. Remind me ______ the medicine tomorrow.

A. of taking B. taking

C. to take D. take

5. Once your business becomes international， ______ constantly will be part of your life.

A. you fly B. your flight

C. flight D. flying

6. Not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also should pay more attention ______ your work well.

A. to work； to do B. to working； to doing

C. to work； to doing D. to working； to do

7. Both of my parents insisted ______ a computer for me， but I don't think it is necessary.

A. to buy B. buying

C. on buying D. in buying

8. —Do you have anything more ______ ， sir？

—No. You can have a rest or do something else.

A. typing B. to be typed

C. typed D. to type

9. She took her son， ran out of the house， ______ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor's office.

A. put B. to put

C. putting D. having put

10. The boss insisted that every minute ______ made full use of______ the work well.

A. be； to do B. was； doing

C. be； doing D. was； to do

11. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.

A. carried out B. carrying out

C. carry out D. to carry out

12. ______ the road round to the right and you'll find his house.

A. Follow B. Following

C. To follow D. Followed

13. The factory was built in a secret place， around ______ high mountains.

A. which was B. it was

C. which were D. them were

14. ______ is known to everybody， the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As

C. That D. What

15. It was not such a good dinner______ she had promised us.

A. like B. that

C. which D. as

信息反饋

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