张小荣+刘秀英
[摘 要] 目的:分析选择性宫腔镜下子宫内膜切除术治疗月经过多型排卵性功血的疗效。方法:74例月经过多型排卵性功血患者按照随机数字表法分为观察组、对照组各37例,分别实施选择性宫腔镜下子宫内膜切除术、传统宫腔镜下子宫内膜切除术治疗,比较两组患者治疗情况、并发症发生情况及临床疗效,探讨选择性宫腔镜下子宫内膜切除术的临床疗效。结果:观察组术中出血量、术后恢复时间、术后阴道排液时间低于对照组,观察组术后出血过多、闭经及月经过少、宫腔粘连发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组、对照组临床总有效率分别为83.78%、89.19%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:选择性宫腔镜下子宫内膜切除术治疗月经过多型排卵性功血可起到与传统宫腔镜下手术相同的治疗效果,且安全性更高、患者术后恢复更快。
[关键词] 宫腔镜;子宫内膜切除术;月经过多;排卵性功血
中图分类号:R713.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-5200(2017)03-064-03
DOI:10.11876/mimt201703027
[Abstract] Objective: This study objective was to analyze the efficacy of selective hysteroscopic endometrial resection in the treatment of ovulatory uterine bleeding complicated with menorrhagia. Methods: 74 ovulatory uterine bleeding patients complicated with menorrhagia were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table with 37 cases each group, who received selective hysteroscopic endometrial resection and traditional hysteroscopic endometrial resection for treatment respectively, the treatment, complications and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups of patients, and the clinical efficacy selective hysteroscopic endometrial resection was analyzed. Results: The intraoperative blood loss, postoperative recovery time and postoperative vaginal discharge time were lower in the observation group than in the control group. The rates of excessive blood loss after operation, amenorrhea and menstruation, and intrauterine adhesions were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The total effective rates of the observation group and the control group were 83.78% and 89.19% respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: Selective hysteroscopic endometrial resection for the treatment of ovulatory uterine bleeding can achieve the same treatment effect as the traditional hysteroscopic surgery with higher safety and faster recovery after surgery.
[Key words] hysteroscopy; endometrial resection; menorrhagia; ovulatory uterine bleeding
月經过多型排卵性功血是由生殖内分泌轴功能紊乱所致子宫异常出血,以有排卵但每周期月经量在80 mL以上为主要表现,严重者可出现贫血症状,心理、生理均承受着较大痛苦[1]。对于性激素类药物、诊断性刮宫反复治疗无效的功血患者而言,宫腔镜下切除全部子宫内膜能够有效缓解其临床症状,但术后宫内瘢痕使宫腔积血、月经过少、子宫挛缩等并发症风险较高[2]。子宫内膜不规则增厚是造成月经过多的主要原因,故实施选择性子宫内膜切除术能尽可能减少宫内瘢痕形成[3]。为证实上述假设,本研究进行了前瞻对照。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择2013年7月—2015年7月收治的74例月经过多型排卵性功血符合宫腔镜下子宫内膜切除术适应证患者,均经宫腔镜及诊断性刮宫确诊[4],排除合并粘膜下子宫肌瘤、子宫内膜息肉者及入组前2个月内有激素类药物使用史者。按照随机数字表法分为观察组、对照组,各37例,两组患者年龄、病程比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 治疗方案
对照组患者接受传统宫腔镜下子宫内膜切除术,置入宫腔镜,以20%甘露醇为膨宫液,以逆时针方向沿子宫后壁全面环切子宫内膜,包括基底层、功能层、浅肌层及宫底内膜[5],电凝止血,结束手术。观察组患者术中仅切除子宫内膜外观不规则增厚区,切除深度为子宫内膜及其下方2~3 mm肌层[6]。两组患者术后均预防性口服抗生素,持续3 d。
1.3 疗效判定
并发症判断标准[7-8]:出血过多:失血图评分≥100分;闭经及月经过少:连续≥2个月经周期内,每日经量失血图评分小于等于1分;经期腹痛:连续≥2个月经周期内,出现小腹腹痛;宫腔粘连:术后6个月复查宫腔镜,可见条索样或不规则粘连;临床疗效判断标准[9]:显效:治疗后首个月经周期未见月经过多;有效:治疗后2~3个月经周期内月经量恢复正常;无效:治疗后3个月经周期仍未见月经量明显减少。总有效率=(显效例数+有效例数)/总例数×100%。
1.4 统计学分析
SPSS18.0进行分析,并发症发生情况、临床疗效等计数资料以(n/%)表示,并采用χ2检验,手术时间、术中出血量等计量资料以(x±s)表示,并采用t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
观察组术中出血量、术后恢复时间、术后阴道排液时间低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。观察组术后出血過多、闭经及月经过少、宫腔粘连发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。观察组、对照组临床总有效率分别为83.78%、89.19%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
3 讨论
对于月经过多型排卵性功血的治疗而言,子宫内膜切除应保证内膜基底层的破坏[10],以避免疾病复发。传统宫腔镜下子宫内膜切除术切除宫颈口下方1~2 cm全部子宫内膜以及宫腔内膜,能够解除月经过多型功血病因,故短期成功率较高[11-12]。然而,宫腔镜子宫内膜全切可造成子宫肌层裸露,此时子宫前后壁肌层往往自然靠近、内膜恢复速度缓慢,进而造成闭经及月经过少、经期腹痛、宫腔粘连等术后并发症,不仅对患者月经来潮等正常生理现象造成了明显影响,还可能导致其痛苦增加、生活质量下降[13]。本研究对照组患者接受传统宫腔镜下子宫内膜切除术治疗,其术后出血过多、闭经及月经过少、宫腔粘连等并发症发生率均高于观察组,进一步显现出传统术式改良的必要性。
有学者建议将宫腔内膜切除终止于宫颈内口上方0.5 cm处,即子宫内膜部分切除,但远期随访宫腔粘连发生率亦处于较高水平,考虑与术后子宫肌层仍处于裸露状态有关[14]。选择性子宫内膜切除术仅切除存在病理异常的内膜区域,能够明显减少组织热损伤、缩短恢复时间[15],故本研究观察组患者术中出血量及术后恢复时间、阴道排液时间均更低。由于内膜性状改变是导致月经过多的主要原因,且患者内膜病变多呈局灶性,而非均匀性、连续性病变[16-17],故仅切除病变内膜亦可保证治疗效果,使观察组临床总有效率达到83.78%。Dood等[18]指出,较全子宫切除、全子宫内膜切除而言,选择性内膜切除不会对卵巢内分泌功能造成影响,在保持卵巢功能平衡方面亦具有积极意义,故能够更为可靠地满足部分患者保留子宫及少量月经的诉求,保证患者正常生理状态的延续,从而改善其术后生活质量。
综上所述,选择性宫腔镜下子宫内膜切除术不仅可达到与传统子宫内膜全切相仿的月经过多型排卵性功血治疗效果,还具有更快的术后恢复速度、更低的术后并发症发生风险,是一种安全、可靠、有效的改良术式。
参 考 文 献
[1] Akazawa M, Yokoyama M, Minami C, et al. Hysteroscopic resection of retained products of conception after temporal laparoscopic uterine artery ligation[J]. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther, 2016, 5(2): 81-83.
[2] Takeda A, Koike W, Hayashi S, et al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and 3-dimensional Computed Tomographic Angiography for Conservative Management of Proximal Interstitial Pregnancy by Hysteroscopic Resection After Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization[J]. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2015, 22(4): 658-662.
[3] 李娜, 崔潇华, 王玉娜, 等. 选择性宫腔镜下子宫内膜切除术治疗月经过多型排卵性功血的效果[C]// 2015临床急重症经验交流第二次高峰论坛. 2015.
[4] Hiraki K, Khan K N, Kitajima M, et al. Uterine preservation surgery for placental polyp[J]. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2014, 40(1): 89-95.
[5] Pritts E A, Vanness D J, Berek J S, et al. The prevalence of occult leiomyosarcoma at surgery for presumed uterine fibroids: a meta-analysis[J]. Gynecol Surg, 2015, 12(3): 165-177.
[6] Ben-Ami I, Melcer Y, Smorgick N, et al. A comparison of reproductive outcomes following hysteroscopic management versus dilatation and curettage of retained products of conception[J]. Int J Gynecol Obstet, 2014, 127(1): 86-89.
[7] 张红霞. 月经过多型排卵性功血子宫内膜形态学改变及宫腔镜下选择性内膜切除术的疗效观察[D].石家庄: 河北医科大学, 2011.
[8] Loiacono R M R, Trojano G, Del Gaudio N, et al. Hysteroscopy as a valid tool for endometrial pathology in patients with postmenopausal bleeding or asymptomatic patients with a thickened endometrium: hysteroscopic and histological results[J]. Gynecol Obstet Invest, 2015, 79(3): 210-216.
[9] 劉建. 热球和经宫颈子宫内膜切除术对功血患者治疗的效果和安全性比较[D]. 广州:南方医科大学, 2009.
[10] Legendre G, Zoulovits F J, Kinn J, et al. Conservative management of placenta accreta: hysteroscopic resection of retained tissues[J]. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2014, 21(5): 910-913.
[11] Troncon J K, Zani A C T, Candido-dos-Reis F J, et al. Endometrial Polyps-When Should Hysteroscopic Resection Be Performed?[J]. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet, 2016, 38(7): 315-316.
[12] 王晓秋. 116例宫腔镜子宫内膜切除术治疗功能失调性子宫出血的临床分析[D]. 长春:吉林大学, 2007..
[13] Emanuel M H. Hysteroscopy and the treatment of uterine fibroids[J]. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 2015, 29(7): 920-929.
[14] Donnez J, Donnez O, Dolmans M M. With the advent of selective progesterone receptor modulators, what is the place of myoma surgery in current practice?[J]. Fertil Steril, 2014, 102(3): 640-648.
[15] 黄俊英, 徐广萍, 王素平. 选择性宫腔镜手术治疗子宫出血的疗效分析[J]. 医学信息, 2013, 26(19): 156.
[16] Ferrero S, Racca A, Tafi E, et al. Ulipristal Acetate Before High Complexity Hysteroscopic Myomectomy: A Retrospective Comparative Study[J]. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2016, 23(3): 390-395.
[17] Mori M, Iwase A, Osuka S, et al. Choosing the optimal therapeutic strategy for placental polyps using power Doppler color scoring: Transarterial embolization followed by hysteroscopic resection or expectant management?[J]. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol, 2016, 55(4): 534-538.
[18] Dood R L, Gracia C R, Sammel M D, et al. Endometrial cancer after endometrial ablation vs medical management of abnormal uterine bleeding[J]. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2014, 21(5): 744-752.