胡珊珊 杨红 王健 姚尧 朱永健 钱家鸣
·论著·
ARHI基因转染胰腺癌PANC1细胞后对趋化因子及其受体相关基因表达的影响
胡珊珊 杨红 王健 姚尧 朱永健 钱家鸣
目的 观察ARHI基因转染胰腺癌PANC1细胞后对趋化因子及其受体相关基因mRNA表达的影响。方法 采用脂质体法将表达ARHI基因的质粒pLNCX2-ARHI-EGFP、空质粒pLNCX2-EGFP转染胰腺癌PANC1细胞,应用G418筛选稳定转染细胞株。采用基因芯片RT2ProfilerTMPCR Array行实时定量PCR,分析转染细胞的基因表达,包括84个趋化因子及受体相关基因,采用Real-time PCR法验证与血管生长相关基因mRNA的表达。结果 ARHI转染组细胞有36个基因mRNA表达下调,9个基因mRNA表达上调,39个基因mRNA表达变化无意义。其中肿瘤转移和侵袭相关基因CXCL12、CXCR4表达显著下调(<-6倍),MMP-2表达轻度下调(<-2倍);促肿瘤血管生成相关基因CCL2、CXCL1、CXCL2、CXCL8、CXCL12、CXCR4表达显著下调,CXCL3、CCR1、CCR2表达轻度下调;抗肿瘤血管生成相关基因CXCL9、CXCL10、CXCL11、CXCR3表达显著上调(>6倍);远端器官定位浸润和潜伏相关基因CXCL12、CXCR4、CCR7表达显著下调,CXCR5表达轻度下调;肿瘤免疫调节相关基因CXCL8、CXCR1、CCR7表达显著下调。Real-time PCR验证CXCL1、CXCL8、CXCR4、CXCR3结果与PCR Array检测结果一致。结论 ARHI基因可抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖、转移、血管生成、免疫调节相关趋化因子及其受体的基因表达。
胰腺肿瘤; ARHI基因; 趋化因子类; 受体,趋化因子
Fund program: National Natural Science Foundation of China(81072055)
ARHI基因是Yu等[1]发现的一个母源性印迹基因,为Ras超家族成员之一。既往研究发现,ARHI基因可抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖和生长,诱导细胞凋亡和自噬[2]。趋化因子是细胞因子家族成员之一,根据其氨基酸N端半胱氨酸残基的不同,可分为CXC、CC、C和CX3C 4个亚家族;趋化因子通过与受体结合参与细胞的生长、发育、分化、凋亡及组织损伤等多种生理和病理过程。有研究显示趋化因子及其受体的定向结合可影响肿瘤发展、转移和血管生成[3-4],但ARHI基因对于趋化因子和受体的影响仍未知。本研究通过检测并分析ARHI基因对胰腺癌细胞增殖、转移和血管生成相关的84个细胞趋化因子及其受体基因表达的影响,探讨ARHI基因抑制胰腺癌细胞的相关分子机制。
一、稳定转染ARHI基因的PANC1胰腺癌细胞株的建立
胰腺癌细胞株PANC1来源于ATCC库(American type culture collection),常规培养及传代。取对数生长期细胞接种于6孔板,培养至细胞融合度达到70%~80%时用转染试剂Lipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen公司)按质粒∶lipo2000=4.0 μg∶10 μl将插入ARHI质粒pLNCX2-ARHI-EGFP(质粒为本实验室构建[5])、空载体质粒pLNCX2-EGFP转染细胞,同时设单加脂质体及仅加培养液的对照组。每组3个复孔。转染48 h后,加入终浓度为9 00 μg/ml的G418筛选14 d,建立稳定转染pLNCX2-ARHI-EGFP和pLNCX2-EGFP的细胞株。
二、实时定量PCR芯片检测肿瘤血管生成相关趋化因子及其受体基因mRNA的表达
收集各组细胞,采用Trizol(Gibco公司)提取细胞总RNA,应用逆转录试剂盒(ABI公司)逆转录成cDNA。采用高通量基因芯片RT2ProfilerTMPCR Array(Qiagen公司)检测84个基因的mRNA表达,包含CXCL、CXCR、CCL、CCR及相关家族。以GAPDH为内参。PCR反应体系为25 μl, 其中2×PCR SYBGREEN mix 12.5 μl,模板量相当于100 ng的总RNA。PCR反应条件:95℃ 30 s、95℃ 15 s、60℃ 1 min,循环40次。根据2-△△Ct公式,以pLNCX2-EGFP组为1,计算mRNA相对表达倍数。实验重复3次,取均值。表达倍数>2倍为轻度上调,<-2倍为轻度下调,>6倍为显著上调,<-6倍为显著下调。
三、肿瘤血管生成相关趋化因子和受体基因mRNA表达的验证
挑选表达水平有显著差异的肿瘤血管生成相关趋化因子和受体及CXCR2(芯片中无该基因)。应用Beacon Designer 7.0软件设计引物,各引物序列见表1。采用Real-time PCR反应进行验证,以GAPDH为内参。所有条件均同前,根据公式2-△△Ct计算mRNA相对表达量。
表1 肿瘤血管生成相关趋化因子和受体的引物序列
四、统计学处理
一、ARHI基因对趋化因子及其受体家族相关基因表达的影响
pLNCX2-ARHI-EGFP组与pLNCX2-EGFP组基因表达见表2。pLNCX2-ARHI-EGFP组中36个基因mRNA表达下调,其中12个显著下调(<-6倍);9个基因mRNA表达上调,其中5个显著上调(>6倍);39个基因mRNA表达无变化。其中与肿瘤转移和侵袭相关基因CXCL12和CXCR4表达显著下调(<-6倍),MMP-2表达轻度下调(<-2倍);促肿瘤血管生成基因CCL2、CXCL1、CXCL2、CXCL8、CXCL12、CXCR4表达显著下调(<-6倍),CXCL3、CCR1、CCR2表达轻度下调(<-2倍);抗肿瘤血管生成基因CXCL9、CXCL10、CXCL11、CXCR3表达显著上调(>6倍),以CXCL9最明显,达27.8倍;与对远端器官定位浸润和潜伏相关基因CXCL12、CXCR4、CCR7表达显著下调(<-6倍),CXCR5表达轻度下调(<-2倍);与肿瘤免疫调节相关基因CXCL8、CXCR1、CCR7表达显著下调(<-6倍),其中以CXCR1尤为明显,达-41.3倍。
表2 pLNCX2-ARHI-EGFP组和pLNCX2-EGFP组基因表达的差异
注:a:显著下调;b:轻度下调;c:显著上调;d:轻度上调
二、ARHI基因对肿瘤血管生成相关趋化因子和受体mRNA表达的影响
Real-time PCR验证结果与PCR Array结果一致,pLNCX2-ARHI-EGFP组CXCL8、CXCL1、CXCR4 mRNA表达较pLNCX2-EGFP组显著下调(P值分别为0.0243、0.0388、0.0142),CXCR3表达显著上调(P=0.0481),CXCR2表达亦显著下调(P=0.0002),差异均有统计学意义(表3)。
表3 稳定转染pLNCX2-ARHI-EGFP组与空载体组基因mRNA相对表达量的比较
基因pLNCX2-EGFP组pLNCX2-ARHI-EGFP组P值CXCL80.00066±0.000130.00029±0.000130.0243CXCR20.01559±0.000360.00221±0.001650.0002CXCL10.00065±0.000230.00024±5.164e-0050.0388CXCR40.00127±0.000220.00074±3.609e-0050.0142CXCR30.00091±0.000920.00260±0.000490.0481
ARHI基因是母源性印迹基因,为Ras超家族成员之一。ARHI基因编码的蛋白在人类多种组织如卵巢、乳腺中表达,但在乳腺癌、卵巢癌中表达下调。本课题组前期研究发现[6-8],ARHI基因可以抑制胰腺癌细胞的增殖,促使细胞周期停滞,诱导细胞凋亡及自噬发生,抑制细胞迁移,是胰腺癌发生和发展过程中的重要抑癌基因。
研究显示肿瘤细胞的生长和转移受到微环境的调控,而趋化因子在微环境调节中起重要作用。趋化因子与受体结合后促使肿瘤细胞增殖和肿瘤血管生成从而促进肿瘤生长、转移[8-9]。谷氨酸-亮氨酸-精氨酸阳性(glntamic acid-leu-cine-arginine positive, ELR+)的CXC类趋化因子(如CXCL8)具有促肿瘤血管生成的作用,高转移性胰腺癌移植瘤CXCL8高表达与肿瘤生成和转移高度相关,给予外源性CXCL8可促进血管生成[10]。胰腺癌组织中CXCR4表达和微血管密度(MVD)均较正常胰腺组织显著提高,且CXCR4的表达与MVD有显著相关性[11]。ELR阴性以及能被干扰素诱导产生的CXC类趋化因子(如CXCL10)有抗肿瘤血管生成作用[12]。Zhao等[13]研究发现,其他家族中相关基因CCL21和CCR7在胰腺癌组织中高表达,且与MVD呈正相关,提示CCR7与肿瘤血管生成相关。
本研究结果显示,ARHI基因转染后PANC1细胞CXCL8/CXCR2、CXCR4和CXCL1的表达显著下调,而CXCR3的表达显著上调,提示ARHI可能通过抑制CXCL1和CXCR8/CXCR2、CXCL12/CXCR4及CCL21/CCR7通路,上调CXCL9、CXCL10和CXCL11/CXCR3通路抑制胰腺癌组织血管生成。为了进一步验证ARHI基因对这些细胞因子表达的影响,本研究对报道较多的CXCL1、CXCL8、CXCR3和CXCR4、CXCR2进行验证,结果发现,这些细胞因子的表达差异均有统计学意义,证实ARHI基因能抑制CXCL1、CXCL8、CXCR4和CXCR2 mRNA的表达,增强CXCR3 mRNA的表达。
本研究结果还显示,pLNCX2-ARHI-EGFP组细胞CXCL12、CXCR4和CCR7表达显著下调,CXCR5表达轻度下调,提示ARHI可能通过抑制CXCL12/CXCR4、CCL21/CCR7及CXCL13/CXCR5通路进一步抑制肿瘤向远端器官的定位转移;CXCL8、CXCR1和CCR7表达显著下调,提示ARHI可能通过CXCR8/CXCR1和CCR7抑制肿瘤的免疫逃避。
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(本文编辑:冀凯宏)
Effects of ARHI gene transfection on chemokines and receptors related gene expression profile of PANC1 cells
HuShanshan,YangHong,WangJian,YaoYao,ZhuYongjian,QianJiaming.
DepartmentofGastroenterology,PekingUnionMedicalHospital,ChineseAcademyofMedicalSciences,Beijing100730,China
QianJiaming,Email:qianjiaming@126.com
Objective To investigate the effects of ARHI transfection on the chemokines and receptors related gene expression profile of PANC1 cells. Methods Plasmids expressing ARHI and empty plasmid were transfected into PANC1 cells, and the stably expressed cell lines were established by using G418. mRNA expression of chemokines and receptors related genes was detected by PCR Array. Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of the genes related vascular growth. Results In cells transfected with ARHI gene, the expression levels of mRNA of 36 genes were down-regulated, and 9 were up-regulated. Among the genes related to tumor metastasis and invasion CXCL12 and CXCR4 were significantly down-regulated (<-6 folds), and MMP-2 was slightly down-regulated (<-2 folds). Among the genes related to tumor angiogenesis, pro-angiogenesis genes including CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL12 and CXCR4 were significantly down-regulated, and pro-angiogenesis genes including CXCL3, CCR1 and CCR2 was slightly down-regulated. Anti-angiogenesis genes including CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and CXCR3 were significantly up-regulated (>6 folds). Among the genes related to the localization of distant organ infiltration and latency, CXCL12, CXCR4 and CCR7 were significantly down-regulated,and CXCR5 was slightly down-regulated.Among the gene with tumor immunity,CXCL8,CXCR1 and CCR7 were significantly down-regulated. Gene expression of CXCL1,CXCL8,CXCR4 and CXCR3 detected by Real-time PCR were consistent with PCR array. Conclusions ARHI gene inhibits the expression of chemokines and receptors related to tumor metastasis,angiogenesis and tumor immunity.
Pancreatic neoplasms; ARHI gene; Chemotactic factors; Receptors, chemokine
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2017.03.007
100730 北京,中国医学科学院北京协和医学院,北京协和医院消化科
钱家鸣,Email:qianjiaming@126.com
国家自然科学基金(81072055)
2016-02-04)