超声成像联合McGill甲状腺结节评分对甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断价值研究

2017-06-01 10:45李新彦盖曰秀
中国医学装备 2017年3期
关键词:甲状腺癌良性恶性

李新彦 盖曰秀

超声成像联合McGill甲状腺结节评分对甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断价值研究

李新彦①盖曰秀①

目的:评估超声成像联合McGill甲状腺结节评分(MTNS)系统鉴别结节大小和良恶性肿瘤的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析112例甲状腺结节患者的临床资料,患者病灶经超声引导细针穿刺鉴定,再计算患者的MTNS分数、结节大小及假阴性率。结果:在112例甲状腺结节患者中,MTNS为1~18分,平均得分(6.83±2.31)分,最终病理确诊16例(占14.29%)为恶性结节,96例为良性结节(85.71%)。恶性结节MTNS的分值明显大于良性。超声成像显示,结节直径1~8.9 cm,平均(4.13±4.13)cm。MTNS与结节直径之间呈正相关(r=0.146,P<0.05)。超声成像显示,恶性结节平均直径为(3.67±1.60)cm,恶性为(4.23±1.51)cm。漏诊的恶性结节主要分布于大直径结节中。结论:超声成像联合MTNS,可以更好地预测甲状腺结节的良恶性风险。

McGill甲状腺结节评分;甲状腺癌;超声成像;良性结节;结节大小;鉴别诊断

李新彦,女,(1978- ),本科学历,主治医师。东营市东营区人民医院超声科,研究方向:超声诊断。

自20世纪80年代至今的30余年里,我国甲状腺癌发病率明显增加,虽然超声成像能够提供甲状腺结节的重要信息,但仍可能会产生5%的误诊率[1]。由于良恶性甲状腺结节会带来的潜在影响,因此有必要找到互补的临床工具,全面评估恶性肿瘤的风险,降低假阴性率。有研究将McGill甲状腺结节评分(McGill thyroid nodule score,MTNS)系统作为用于确定结节恶性病变的风险的互补工作[2-3]。据此,本研究探讨超声成像联合MTNS鉴别甲状腺结节大小和良恶性肿瘤的临床价值。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年6月间东营市东营区人民医院收治的112例甲状腺结患者的临床资料,其中男性16例,女性96例;年龄23~85岁,平均年龄52岁;患者术前甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)水平为5~392 ng/ml,平均水平为28.32 ng/ml。所有患者均经超声引导细针穿刺鉴定为良性结节。本研究获得医学伦理委员会批准,且患者知情同意。

1.2 纳入与排除标准

(1)纳入标准:①超声引导细针穿刺活检结果良性;②有完整的MTNS+分数[4]和超声波结节直径数据。

(2)排除标准:术前穿刺结果、MTNS+分数和结节直径数据不完整。

1.3 仪器设备

LOGIQ S8F型彩色多普勒超声检查仪(美国GE公司),探头为线阵宽频探头,频率范围为7.5~12 MHz。

1.4 观察与评价指标

(1)甲状腺结节良恶性标准:乳头状微癌伴甲状腺外扩散剧烈且不可预测时,结节可定为恶性,其余乳头状微癌定为良性。根据超声检查结节直径大小分为4类:①1~1.9 cm;②2~2.9 cm;③3~3.9 cm;④≥4 cm[5]。

(2)MTNS分数越高,甲状腺结节的恶性风险越大。

1.5 统计学方法

采用SPSS20.0软件进行统计学分析。二元逻辑回归分析MTNS与恶性肿瘤率的相关性,二元回归分析MTNS和结节直径相关性,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 甲状腺结节MTNS及病理检查结果

112例甲状腺结节患者,MTNS为1~18分,平均得分(6.83±2.31)分,最终病理确诊16例(占14.29%)为恶性结节,96例为良性结节(占85.71%)。

2.2 不同性质甲状腺结节MTNS对比

恶性甲状腺结节的MTNS结果均>5分,恶性结节MTNS结果明显大于良性,见表1。

表1 良性和恶性甲状腺结节的MTNS分布情况

2.3 MTNS和结节直径相关性

超声成像显示,结节直径1~8.9 cm,平均直径(4.13±4.13)cm。MTNS+评分与结节直径之间呈正相关(斯皮尔曼相关系数r=0.146,95%CI:-0.05~0.33)。二元回归分析调整结节直径后,MTNS+评分OR为1.52(95%CI:1.130~1.130)。结节直径1~1.9 cm的OR为16.2(95%CI:1.83~143.427),结节直径2~2.9 cm的OR为4.387(95%CI:0.806~143.427),结节直径3~3.9 cm的OR为0.341(95%CI:0.063~1.832),结节直径>4 cm的OR为0.221(95%CI:0.036~0.851)。

2.4 结节直径和结节恶性率相关性

(1)根据结节直径进行良恶性分类。恶性结节平均直径为(3.67±1.60)cm,恶性为(4.23±1.51)cm。超声成像显示,结节直径在1~1.9 cm和2~2.9 cm的患者,具有相同的恶性率2.68%,结节直径在3~3.9 cm的恶性率为1.78%,结节直径≥4 cm的恶性率为7.14%。漏诊的恶性结节主要分布于大直径结节中,见表2。

表2 不同甲状腺结节直径与病理结果的相关性[例(%)]

(2)随着结节直径的增大,恶性率有增大趋势,如图1所示。

图1 甲状腺结节直径超声探查影像

3 讨论

60%的甲状腺结节经穿刺诊断为良性,但是仍存在5%的假阴性结果,且难以辨别[5]。因此,美国甲状腺协会,美国临床内分泌协会和欧洲甲状腺协会建议甲状腺结节患者要进行6~18个月的随访调查,结节一旦长大需重新穿刺诊断[6]。本研究中,假阴性率为14.28%,略低于Williams等[7]报道的24.2%。Chernyavsky等[8]发现,90%的假阴性结果存在可疑的超声特征。由于假阴性不能有效的指导治疗方案,因此,治疗前应仔细考虑可疑的临床特征,以避免风险。

MTNS作为以证据为基础的评分系统,已被证明有助于术前评估甲状腺结节,其联合超声成像技术可精确预测恶性肿瘤的风险,从而制定正确的治疗方案[9]。该评分包含多个风险因素,如临床因素(家族史、辐射),可疑超声波特性,以及细胞学结果[10-13]。本研究结果显示,超声成像结合评分系统,可较全面的识别甲状腺结节的恶化风险,与以往的研究结果一致[14]。本研究采用MTNS明确良恶性结节后进行比较发现,MTNS存在差异,恶性结节MTNS高于良性结节。相关性分析结果表明,MTNS与结节直径之间正相关,大直径结节一直被认为是恶性甲状腺结节的危险因素[15-17]。本研究发现漏诊的恶性结节主要分布于大直径结节中[18-19]。因此,甲状腺结节直径越大,MTNS越高,结节恶性病变的风险也越大。

结节恶性率(14.28%)具有一定可信度,同时,MTNS与结节直径之间正相关,使得MTNS系统提高了超声成像确诊率。可见超声成像联合结节评分,可以更好地预测甲状腺结节良恶性风险。

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Research of the value of ultrasonic imaging in combination with McGill thyroid nodules score (MTNS) in differential diagnosis of thyroid benign and malignant nodules/

LI Xinyan, GAI Yue-xiu//
China Medical Equipment,2017,14(3):70-72.

Objective: To assess the clinical value of ultrasonic imaging in combination with McGill thyroid nodules score (MTNS) system in differential diagnosis of nodule size and benign and malignant tumors. Methods: The clinical data of a total of 112 patients with thyroid nodules were analyzed retrospectively. The nidus of the patients was identified by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy, and then the MTNS, nodule size and false negative rate of the patients were calculated, respectively. Results: The MTNS of the 112 cases of patients with thyroid nodules was within the range of 1 to 18, with an average score of (6.83±2.31). 16 cases with malignant nodules(the percent was 14.29%) were finally diagnosed by pathology, and 96 cases were diagnosed with benign nodules(the percent was 85.71%). The MTNS of patients with malignant nodules was significantly higher than that of those with benign nodules. Ultrasonic imaging showed that the nodule diameter was within the range of 1 to 8.9 cm, with an average diameter of (4.13±4.13) cm. MTNS was positively correlation with nodule diameter (r=0.146, P<0.05). Besides, the average diameter of benign nodules was (3.67±1.60) cm, and that of malignant nodules was (4.23±1.51) cm. The missed diagnosed malignant nodules mainly were large diameter nodules. Conclusion: Ultrasound imaging in combination with MTNS can better predict the benign or malignant risk of thyroid nodules.

McGill thyroid nodules score; Thyroid carcinoma; Ultrasound imaging; Benign nodule; Nodule size; Differential diagnosis

1672-8270(2017)03-0070-03

R445.1

A

10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-8270.2017.03.019

2016-08-30

①东营市东营区人民医院超声科 山东 东营 257000

[First-author’s address] Ultrasound Department, The People's Hospital Dongying District, Dongying 257000, China.

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