写作在阅读中积淀在实践中成长

丁淑萍

英語写作在英语学习的过程中一直都是非常重要的一部分，如何提高写作水平是每一位英语教师和学生必须要思考的问题。以读促写，这是一个符合语言习得规律的做法，大量的阅读，对于提高写作水平起着不可估量的作用。然而，读什么？怎样读？效果如何？基于这些疑问，我们课题组的教师们提出了一种思路：通过泛读和精读英语名著简写本来提高学生英文感受力和书面表达能力。

参与课题研究之前，学生们的写作大多局限于试卷上给出的话题作文或应用文，语言和内容因受到写作任务的局限而稍显刻板，没有自己对于问题现象的深度思考和分析。而通过阅读名著，学生们可以接触到更为浩瀚博大的文学世界，对于语言文化也会有更深层次的理解，也因此会有更多的看法和想法。在课题实施的中期阶段，学生们在阅读过部分推荐书目之后，能够用相对比较地道生动的语言写一篇简短的文学摘要，并附有自己的一些简单的评价和感悟。

例如：2016年2月，1811班杨淑凯同学的一篇习作：“Call me theFirst One”。

Is a story about a man whose name is Ke En.It is his dream to be a teacher.However.the fate is quite unfair to him.He has a defect.whichmakes him unable to talk sentence by sentence.and because of the defect.he has a scary voice.Everyone keeps away from him so he has few friends.Whats worse，he callt even go to the theatres or appear in public.After reading the story.I have a dream.I dream that one day.everyone is equal.I dream that one day，everyone can avoid being ignored.

而到了课题实施的后期，学生的写作能力就又上了一个台阶。他们写作的重点已不再是著作内容本身，而是通过对著作当中的人物性格、语言特点、写作背景等的分析来洞悉当时的社会面貌和文化特征，从而对语言、文化有更为深层次的理解和感悟，进而联想到当今社会。例如：2016年5月1801班王舜同学的一篇习作“My Views of Wuthering Heights”。

In Wuthering Heights.EMIL Y BRONTE shows us what the true love is.Just like Heathcliff and Catherine.although they cant malty.the twosouls never separate from each other.She even uses the romantic skills togive the double characteristics of Heathcliff.His love for Catherme is cra-zy ad faithful，so does his hatred and revenge.He is not only a crazy lover，but also a crazy tyrant.This paper focuses On different aspects of Heath-cliff to show his distorted characteristics and the progress of changes inHeathcliffs destiny.The writer expresses her views that：losing lovemeans losing humanity，but she also convinces that recovering love meansrecovering humanity.At the end 0f the novel.Heathcliff finally recovershis humanity.because he finds a permanent home for his soul.Love is born from love.and hatred is born from love，too.

2016年5月1817班肖雨晨的一篇佳作：“The Bronte Story勃朗特一家的故事”。

The Bronte Story is written bv Tim Vicary.a British writer.Its plotsare at the view of Patrick Bronte.the father of the Brontes.Patrick used to live in a happy family which was made up of his six children and his gen-tle wife.Anne.Emily，Elizabeth，Charlotte and Maria were his daughters.some of them became famous writers later.Branwell.the son.lost himself in love and passed away in sadness.Though they lived happily for a period of time，because of poor health condition，they died Of sickness one by one.leaving Patrick alone in the world.

Among these characters.my favorite is Maria.She was the oldest.and was exactly the one who assumed most responsibilities after their motherleft.Maria，thoughonly at the age of eight，worked all day just like all adult.She helped the little ones t0 get washed and dressed.When entering the school.she wrote to his father and told him everything was fine.she saidthat she liked the school-work instead of telling him about the food.thecold 0r the unkind teachers.These were what Charlotte told him much lat-er.Even when she knew she was about to die.Maria said to his father.Dont cry，my dear father，I shall be with mother soon，and with God.What a poor but brave girl！

What does‘talentmean？Where does it form？Usually.n is consid-eredtobe given by god，only to those lucky gnys.Actually，we cant judgethem as simple as we think.It seems that talent cannot make people joy-full.but makes them be away from others instead.for talent is a kind 0fthing that cannot be shared.However.the story of the Brontes shows usthat talent is given to a family.Who taught them to write？Themselves！Through their own experiences，they felt more，they understood more，Sothat few people could write more wonderful than them.

At the same time.the family was given misfortunes.Facing adversi-ties.they chose to be positive rather than to be down hearted.Whatsnatched their lives was sickness but not their low spirits！Thats why I admire them from the bottom of my heart.

從以上不同时期学生习作成果不难看出，通过阅读名作，学生已不再是最初的“无话可说、照着说”，而是眼界更为开阔，思想更为活跃，语言更为丰富，表述更为地道。正是有了这样文化感知和积淀以及优质的语言信息的输入，学生的习作水平定才会有质的提高。

主线是让学生意识到一篇优秀的英文作文不是—蹴而就的，而是需要精心打磨的。学生们练习写作文的步骤如下：第一步，8～lO分钟写出草稿；第二步，在原草稿上润色；第三步，根据润色后的稿子重写；第四步，小组讨论推选出最佳作品；第五部，大组轮流阅读小组最佳作品，选出大组最佳作品；第六步，全班共同欣赏大组最佳作品；第七步，欣赏汲取他人优点之后，再次独立完成作文。第八步，组内评价作文。我们作文课的主题叫做“Writingis apolishing process.”（写作乃是—抛光打磨润色之过程）。

经过一段时间的程序化训练之后，学生的作文在内容和语言形式上都有很大的提高，同时我们的学生在写作方面积累了大量的优美句型。为了使学生在写作方面的优势扩大化，我们课题组的教师们总结出来润色作文句型所需注意的五点。

Point I：Advanced structures and powerful words are to be appliedwhen the sentence is polished.润色句子需要使用高级结构和词汇，比如非谓语动词，倒装句型强调句型的使用。

Point II：When a sentence is polished.varied words with the samemeaning should be included。润色句子的过程是词汇变化使用的过程。比如：1806班段一鸣的一段文章As far as I am concerned，I showmore interest in science.which is closer t0 nature.It is widely acknowl-edged that interest is the best teacher for study and my preference for sci-ence does help me a lot when facing complicated problems.Arts require a strong ability t0 recite and science demands the competence to think logi-cally.In addition.dreams are also an essential element.For example.apol-itician is a major 0f arts and a biologist should have a wide range ofknowledge in science.One more thing，suggestions given by families andfriends can also be considerable when making a choice.

漢语是意合性的语言，而英语是形合性的语言。因为汉语属意合性语言，需要依靠词语的简单重复来增加句子的凝聚力，因此，汉语在讨论同一事物时，往往采取重复相同词语的手段。而英语由于有连词等丰富的语言形态手段来确保句子的衔接与连贯，可以无所顾忌地追求词语的变化。正因如此，英语写作中一般应避免重复同一语汇，而是提倡词语变换。

学生如果能体会并感受到英语写作中同义变词的需要，就有可能在作文中写出较为地道的英语句子。

Point III：The topic sentence should be included for each paragraph and put at the beginning of the paragraph.英语作文要有主题句的意识，主题句要放在段首。英语作文的观点导人应开门见山，不必迂回躲闪。这样读者能在第一时间把握主题，达到最好的交际效果。如：Inmy opinion， what Liyue and Zhanghua has done is pretty meaningful.Ithas been one of the Chinese traditional virtues to help the elderly.Theirbehavior is of great significance in awakening our awareness of helpingthe aged.I strongly advocate that all of us should learn from liyue andzhanghua.

Point IV： The supportive information following the topic sentenceshould be presented in a brief and sincere way.主题句呈现之后，要有简洁而真诚的细节支撑信息。比如，1806班高迪洋的一段文章：The fol-lowing are the reasons why I chose science.Firstly， from my perspective，science is logical and full of fun compared with arts.Science attracts mycuriosity and drives me to explore the sea of the unknown.The happinesswhen I work out a science problem is beyond expression.Besides， I'mused to thinking rather than memorizing.Science suits me just the same。Also it' s my dream to become a doctor， so it' s of great importance for meto learn biology well。Though arts presented a colorful world， I decided tomajor in science.

Point V： High EQ is presented in the essay to show its communica-tive purpose.作者适度的情商要得以表现以达到交际的目的。比如，1806班岳泽恩的一段话：LiYue and ZhangHua，two volunteers fromClass 3，Grade 11 went to the Sunshine Nursing Home on May 1st.The el-derly people there were very happy to see their arrival.After a brief self-introduction， they presented the fruit that they brought to the elderly.Thenthey began to work.

本课题研究是希望能够借助学生泛读和精读英语名著简写本来获得语言输入的力量从而写出有关名著读本的评价和感悟来提高英语语言的感受力和书面表达力。语言，作为人类传播智慧的载体，学习它，应该是一个美妙的过程，学习英语也应如此。作为英语老师，我们要鼓励学生大量阅读，帮助学生琢磨英语表达的美妙之处，体会英语的精彩，接受英语文章里传播的信息，让英语成为生命的一部分。