孟智坚,郭立娜
口腔癌患者外周血细胞免疫水平与临床结局的相关性分析
孟智坚,郭立娜
目的 探讨口腔癌患者外周血细胞免疫水平与临床结局的相关性。方法 选取2014年1月—2015年1月我院收治的口腔癌50例(口腔癌组),选择同期体检健康的50例(对照组)。比较两组外周血淋巴细胞(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD19+)和自然杀伤(natural killer, NK)细胞的水平,分析口腔癌患者外周血淋巴细胞(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD19+)、NK细胞与其临床特征的相关性。结果 与对照组比较,口腔癌组CD3+及CD4+T淋巴细胞、CD4+/CD8+和NK细胞显著降低(P<0.05),CD19+T淋巴细胞显著升高 (P=0.000),CD8+T淋巴细胞降低不明显(P>0.05)。与Ⅲ~Ⅳ期口腔癌患者比较,Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者的CD3+、CD4+及CD8+T淋巴细胞、CD4+/CD8+和NK细胞显著升高(P<0.05),CD19+T淋巴细胞显著降低(P=0.000)。与无淋巴结转移的患者比较,出现淋巴结转移的患者CD3+、CD4+及CD8+T淋巴细胞和NK细胞显著降低(P<0.05),CD19+T淋巴细胞显著升高(P=0.000),CD4+/CD8+降低不明显(P>0.05)。与无复发患者比较,术后复发者CD3+、CD4+及CD8+T淋巴细胞、CD4+/CD8+和NK细胞显著降低(P<0.05),CD19+T淋巴细胞显著升高(P=0.000)。结论 口腔癌患者存在一定程度的免疫抑制,且外周血细胞免疫水平与其预后密切相关。
口腔肿瘤;免疫,细胞;T淋巴细胞
近年来随着环境的污染和人类生活习惯的改变,口腔癌的发病率逐年升高[1]。研究显示恶性肿瘤患者常伴有不同程度的免疫功能障碍[2-3],其中外周血细胞免疫功能障碍较常见。T淋巴细胞和自然杀伤 (natural killer, NK)细胞是外周免疫系统的重要组成成分,在免疫介导的抗肿瘤反应中发挥关键性作用[4-5]。文献报道肿瘤患者存在一定程度的辅助性T细胞(Th)1/Th2平衡失调,其可进一步促进肿瘤细胞的增殖和转移,故肿瘤患者免疫功能低下时常伴病情恶化[6-7]。因此,探讨口腔癌患者的细胞免疫功能具有十分重要的临床意义,可为进一步的临床干预提供理论依据,但国内相关研究较少。本文探讨口腔癌患者外周血细胞免疫水平与临床结局的相关性,现将结果报告如下。
1.1 一般资料 选取我院2014年1月—2015年1月收治的口腔癌50例(口腔癌组),其中男31例,女19例;年龄29~63(49.93±12.39)岁;患中舌癌18例,口底癌12例,牙龈癌9例,颊癌7例,上颚癌4例;肿瘤细胞高分化28例,中分化14例,低分化8例;TNM分期为Ⅰ期11例,Ⅱ期9例,Ⅲ期23例,Ⅳ期7例;合并淋巴结转移39例,合并远处转移7例。纳入标准:①经病理检查确诊的口腔癌患者;②入院前未接受过放化疗、手术等治疗;③年龄18~65岁;④同意参与本研究。排除标准:①复发的口腔癌;②伴全身系统性疾病;③多脏器功能不全;④5年内合并其他肿瘤;⑤伴免疫功能缺陷;⑥不配合治疗或治疗期间转院;⑦随访期间失访。选取同期在我院体检健康的50例作为对照组,其中男31例,女19例;年龄28~63(50.18±12.73)岁。两组的一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究通过我院伦理委员会批准,所有研究对象均知情同意并签署知情同意书。
1.2 研究方法 两组均于清晨空腹抽取静脉血5 ml,3000 r/min离心10 min后取上层血清,置于乙二胺四乙酸二钠试管中,抽取100 μl与鼠抗人单克隆抗体CD45/CD4/CD8/CD3、CD45/CD(16+56)/CD19/CD3各20 μl混匀,常温避光下反应30 min,于60 min内进行流式细胞仪检测(Epics XL型流式细胞仪,美国Beckman coulter公司),测定血淋巴细胞CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD19+和NK细胞的水平。
1.3 观察指标 比较两组外周血淋巴细胞(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD19+)和NK细胞的水平变化,分析口腔癌患者外周血淋巴细胞(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD19+)及 NK细胞与其临床特征的相关性。
2.1 两组外周血淋巴细胞水平比较 与对照组比较,口腔癌组CD3+及CD4+T淋巴细胞、CD4+/CD8+和NK细胞显著降低(P<0.05),CD19+T淋巴细胞显著升高 (P=0.000),CD8+T淋巴细胞降低不明显(P>0.05),见表1。
2.2 TNM分期与外周血淋巴细胞的相关性 与Ⅲ~Ⅳ期口腔癌患者比较,Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者的CD3+、CD4+及CD8+T淋巴细胞、CD4+/CD8+和NK细胞显著升高(P<0.05),CD19+T淋巴细胞显著降低(P=0.000),见表2。
表1 口腔癌患者与健康对照组外周血淋巴细胞水平比较
表2 口腔癌患者TNM分期与外周血淋巴细胞的相关性
2.3 淋巴结有无转移与外周血淋巴细胞的相关性 与无淋巴结转移的患者比较,出现淋巴结转移的患者CD3+、CD4+及CD8+T淋巴细胞和NK细胞显著降低(P<0.05),CD19+T淋巴细胞显著升高(P=0.000),CD4+/CD8+降低不明显(P>0.05),见表3。
表3 口腔癌患者有无淋巴结转移与外周血淋巴细胞的相关性
2.4 术后有无复发与外周血淋巴细胞的相关性 本组43例行根治性手术治疗,随访1年后15例复发。与无复发患者比较,术后复发者CD3+、CD4+及CD8+T淋巴细胞、CD4+/CD8+和NK细胞显著降低(P<0.05),CD19+T淋巴细胞显著升高(P=0.000),见表4。
表4 口腔癌患者行根治性手术后有无复发与外周血淋巴细胞的相关性
以T淋巴细胞和NK细胞为主的细胞免疫在机体抗肿瘤中发挥着重大作用。CD8+T淋巴细胞是细胞免疫的重要组成,CD3+T淋巴细胞则是成熟T淋巴细胞的标志物[8],均在细胞免疫和体液免疫中起着关键性协助作用,而CD19+T淋巴细胞在细胞免疫功能受损时,反应性增高[9]。我国学者发现组织缺氧可通过诱导CCL28的高表达,进而促进调节性T淋巴细胞聚集,促进原发性肝癌患者的肿瘤细胞生长[10]。Pedroza-Gonzalez等[11]研究显示原发性或转移性肝癌患者肿瘤微环境中CD4+细胞源的调节性T淋巴细胞增加,使机体的免疫力降低,与预后呈正相关。Li等[12]研究表明外周血调节性T淋巴细胞水平的升高与临床预后有关。鉴于免疫系统在肿瘤发生和发展中的重要意义,急需探讨口腔癌患者免疫功能与临床预后的相关性,但目前相关研究尚未完善。
本文系统探讨了口腔癌患者CD3+、CD4+、CD8+及CD19+T淋巴细胞和NK细胞的表达,在很大程度上反映了患者的免疫功能。本研究结果显示,与对照组比较,口腔癌组CD3+及CD4+T淋巴细胞、CD4+/CD8+及NK细胞显著降低,CD19+T细胞显著升高,表明口腔癌患者免疫功能受损。此外,与Ⅲ~Ⅳ期口腔癌患者比较,Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者的CD3+、CD4+及CD8+T淋巴细胞和CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞显著升高,CD19+T淋巴细胞显著降低;与无淋巴结转移的患者比较,出现淋巴结转移的患者CD3+、CD4+及CD8+T淋巴细胞和NK细胞显著降低,CD19+T淋巴细胞显著升高;与术后无复发的患者比较,术后复发者的CD3+、CD4+及CD8+T淋巴细胞、CD4+/CD8+和NK细胞显著降低,CD19+T淋巴细胞显著升高,说明口腔癌患者的病情越重,免疫功能越低下,与符良斌等[13]研究结果一致。T淋巴细胞亚群介导的细胞免疫和NK细胞可发挥杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用,其功能抑制可能与患者术后复发率升高有关,且免疫功能低下是发生肿瘤的重要因素,表现为辅助性T淋巴细胞减少而抑制性T淋巴细胞增多,肿瘤切除或许可解除患者的免疫抑制状态[14]。张立娜[15]研究显示口腔癌患者外周血调节性T淋巴细胞表达水平升高,手术切除原发病灶后有助于降低外周血调节性T淋巴细胞水平,进而解除免疫抑制状态。
综上所述,口腔癌患者存在一定程度的免疫抑制,外周血细胞免疫水平与临床预后密切相关。
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Correlation Analysis of Immune Cell Levels of Peripheral Blood and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Mouth Cancer
MENG Zhi-jian, GUO Li-na
(Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China)
Objective To investigate correlation between immune cell levels of peripheral blood and clinical outcomes in patients with month cancer. Methods A total of 50 patients with month cancer admitted during January 2014 and January 2015 were selected as month cancer group, and 50 healthy people taking medical examination were chosen as control group. Levels of peripheral blood lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+and CD19+) and natural killer (NK) cells were compared, and correlations between levels of peripheral blood lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+and CD19+) and NK cell and clinical characteristics were analyzed in two groups. Results Compared with those in control group, levels of CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte, CD4+/CD8+and NK lymphocyte were significantly decreased (P<0.05); CD19+ T lymphocyte level was significantly increased (P=0.000); while CD8+T lymphocyte level was not significantly decreased in month cancer group (P>0.05). Compared with those in patients with stage III-IV, levels of CD3+, CD4+and CD8+T lymphocyte, CD4+/CD8+and NK lymphocyte were significantly increased (P<0.05); CD19+T cell level was significantly decreased in patients with stage I-II (P=0.000). Compared with those in patients without lymph node metastasis, levels of CD3+, CD4+and CD8+T lymphocyte and NK cell level were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while CD19+T cell level was significantly increased (P=0.000), but CD4+/CD8+level was not significantly decreased in patients with lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). Compared with those in patients without recurrence, levels of CD3+CD4+and CD8+T lymphocyte, CD4+/CD8+and NK lymphocyte were significantly decreased (P<0.05) and CD19+T lymphocyte level was significantly increased in patients with postoperative recurrence (P=0.000). Conclusion Patients with month cancer have a certain degree of immune suppression, and immunity cell levels of peripheral blood is closely associated with clinical prognosis.
Mouth neoplasms; Immunity, cellular; T-Lymphocytes
内蒙古自治区卫生和计划生育委员会医疗卫生科研计划项目(201303048)
010050 呼和浩特,内蒙古医科大学附属医院口腔科
郭立娜,E-mail:2649122035@qq.com
R739.8
A
1002-3429(2017)03-0074-04
10.3969/j.issn.1002-3429.2017.03.029
2016-11-29 修回时间:2016-12-29)