本刊记者 吴秀霞
去产能 补短板 江苏致力打造造船强省
本刊记者 吴秀霞
“十三五”期间,江苏将重点突破绿色高技术船型研制技术,重点发展浮式生产储卸装置、工程作业船、起重铺管船、水下工程装备等,大力发展动力及传动系统、通讯导航定位系统、电子电控系统等海洋工程及远洋船舶关键技术和设备。
在过去的2016年,江苏省落实中央供给侧结构性改革工作会议精神,围绕“去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板”五大重点任务,结合江苏省船舶工业发展现状,抓住主要矛盾,找准切入点,有序地推进“三去一降一补”工作。自2016年年初开始,江苏省自加压力,淘汰落后产能、化解过剩产能,通过建立过剩行业产能预警体系和监督机制,提出清退1000万载重吨船舶产能目标任务,确保现有产能严重过剩行业的产能规模得到有效控制,产能利用率达到合理水平。截至2016年年末,全省已经基本达到预期目标。
在船舶造修企业,随着行业“洗牌”加速,经过行业引导,江苏省现有部分“先天不足、中低散”的落后产能逐渐转产、关停,被淘汰出局;另有部分初具规模,且进入“白名单”的船企也因资金链断裂等多重因素被洗牌出局;还有一批优势骨干企业仍然保持稳健发展。随着造船业转型升级、兼并重组步伐加快,江苏省船舶工业实现了从“数量”增长到“质量”提升的转变,江苏省船企不再仅仅停留于“以吨位论英雄”的阶段,而是将更多精力放在打造高效、高质量精品船舶上,并通过内部挖潜切实开展降本增效,有更多的船配企业开始重研发、求创新,不断补齐配套短板,致力打造江苏造船强省。
在江苏省南通、泰州、扬州市这三大造船地区绵延数百公里的长江岸线上,过去是一片焊花飞溅、机器轰鸣的繁忙景象,如今显得格外冷清,有些船企大门紧闭,有些船企码头现场零散的堆放着船舶分段,还有些船企终因“订单荒”撑不下去,而导致停产、破产。
“造船产能过剩、供大于求必然导致行业亏本接单、饮鸩止渴式的恶性竞争。”江苏省船舶工业行业协会相关负责人表示,全国造船完工量最高峰是2011年,达到7673万载重吨,当年江苏省造船完工量是2793万载重吨,也是历史最高峰,但即使如此,我国的造船产能至少还有20%没有完全释放。该负责人指出,江苏作为造船大省,在严酷的市场考验下,提升管理、创新研发是企业生存和发展的必由之路。
为进一步优化资源配置,提高产业集中度,自去年以来,江苏省船舶工业主管部门开始实施“关、停、改”的举措,大力淘汰落后产能。江苏省南通、靖江、扬州等重点造船市也积极落实过剩产能化解任务。南通市经济和信息化委员会副主任闫静翔表示,2016年,南通市积极落实过剩产能化解工作,该市振华重工(启东)海洋工程有限公司和江苏京沪重工有限公司收购、消化江苏道达和江苏启亚造船产能,并列入江苏省化解过剩产能专项,通过了项目验收。同时,该市多个部门联合开展船舶产能过剩行业建设项目清理整顿工作,南通市共有27个船舶项目通过备案审查。此外,靖江市利用《规范条件》实施船企产能整合、重组的有利时机,依托该市已经形成的产业格局和专业协作基础,努力消化、整合、淘汰过剩产能。通过合资、产权流转和股权置换等多种形式,择机兼并重组,做优做强造船业。
对此,国家开发银行江苏省分行相关负责人指出,国内目前仍处于持续的“去产能”阶段,国内造船厂去产能的幅度在20%-30%左右,未来产能过剩压力将有所缓解,我国船舶行业的集中度有望进一步提高,这些举措将对造船行业有一定的提振效果,对于支撑船价有望产生正面作用。在当前船舶制造业产能过剩,行业内集中度加大的背景下,行业内并购重组是大势所趋。国开行江苏分行贯彻去产能政策,充分利用贷款期限长、利率相对低等优势,积极配合相关项目评审,为优质企业提供并购资金支持,支持江苏造船业兼并重组。
对此,业内相关人士表示,目前,造船业依旧面临着产能过剩和大洗牌重组的严峻形势,加快推进“三去一降一补”工作,有助于提升江苏造船业的产业集中度,提升该省大型骨干船舶企业的综合竞争力,为培育企业品牌、产品品牌和区域品牌奠定坚实的基础。
“江苏省造船业在去产能的同时,更要重视补短板,要加快发展船舶与海洋工程装备配套企业,做精船舶配套产业链。” 中国船级社江苏分社总经理范强表示,要勇于创新,大力开发自主品牌配套产品,不断提升配套产品的竞争力,提高本土产品的配套率,降低造船成本。目前,江苏省已有一些优秀的配套企业在朝着这个方向努力,并取得阶段性成果。
江苏不仅是造船大省,还是配套大省。据不完全统计,国内60%的船配企业聚集在江苏。积极实施“产业链”补短板,大力发展高端配套,打造特色鲜明的配套产业基地已成为江苏船舶工业“十三五”发展高端配套的重点之一。对此,在高端配套领域,江苏省船舶工业下一步将重点发展三大板块:一是推动优势配套产品集成化、智能化、模块化发展,满足船用设备耐低温及低温、止裂等原材料需求,掌握核心设计制造技术;二是加快船舶和海工配套自主品牌产品开发和产业化;三是掌握海洋工程装备关键系统配套技术,包括钻井系统集成技术、动力定位系统集成技术、钻井包以及大型甲板机械设计与制造技术等。主要有动力系统、机电控制设备、海工装备专用设备、水下生产系统及关键设备等。
此外,2015年,江苏省人民政府印发了《中国制造2025江苏行动纲要》通知,其中,在海洋工程装备和高端船舶领域,将重点突破绿色高技术船型研制技术,提升前端工程设计和基础设计能力,重点发展浮式生产储卸装置、工程作业船、起重铺管船、水下工程装备等,大力发展动力及传动系统、通讯导航定位系统、电子电控系统等海洋工程及远洋船舶关键技术和设备。这些均是江苏造船业今后亟需爬坡迈坎待攻关的项目。特别是在船舶开发设计关键技术领域,江苏船舶工业还将着力抓好相关领域的关键技术积累和提升,重点开展船舶性能优化、节能与新能源、智能船舶技术等关键领域的技术突破,掌握一批行业核心和共性技术。主要包括流体力学(CFD)线型优化技术、船舶总体多学科优化设计技术、结构轻量化设计技术、振动和噪音风险及预报技术、船机桨匹配及节能优化技术等。
江苏省经信委副主任秦雁表示,“十三五”期间江苏省船舶行业要坚持做强主业,更加注重软实力建设以及全产业链的协同,补短板,调结构,加快转型升级,进一步优化产业布局,促进优质资源向优势企业集聚、向推进产业链高端化倾斜;积极实施“产业链”补短板,大力发展高端配套,打造特色鲜明的配套产业基地,促进船舶与海洋工程装备企业与配套企业战略合作,构建完备的配套产业链体系。★
Jiangsu shipbuilding industry has realized transformation of quantitative growth to qualitative improvement in line with the industry accelerating transformation and upgrade and merger and reorganization. Jiangsu ship enterprises do not stay on the stage of "assessing hero with tonnage", rather they spend more time on building efficient, quality and competitive ships, practically reduce cost and increase efficiency by tapping internal potential, more ship enterprises have started to pay attention to R&D, pursue innovation, constantly repair short slabs of marine equipment, dedicated to build a powerful province of shipbuilding.
In order to further optimize resource allocation and improve industrial concentration, the provincial competent authorities have since last year started to implement "close, stop and change" moves, vigorously eliminate out-ofdate capacity. Key shipbuilding markets in Jiangsu -- Nantong, Jingjiang and Yangzhou -- have been actively performing the task of dissolving surplus capacity. An industry source said the industry is still facing the tough situation of overcapacity and major reshuffling and recombination, expediting decapacity and improving weak links will help uplift industrial concentration in the local industry, improve comprehensive competitiveness of large backbone shipbuilding enterprises and pave the way for nurturing corporate brands, product brands and regional brands.
"The local industry should pay more attention to improving weak links, speeding up development of marine and offshore engineering equipment enterprises and do fine in the marine equipment industrial chain in addition to decapacity." Fan Qiang, general manager of China Classification Society Jiangsu Branch, said the provincial industry should be bold enough to innovate, vigorously develop independent brand marine equipment products, constantly improve their competitiveness, raise local product matching rate and reduce shipbuilding cost. Currently, some good marine equipment manufacturers have worked in this direction and made interim achievements.
Jiangsu is not only a large shipbuilding province, but also a large marine equipment province. According to incomplete statistics, 60% of domestic marine equipment manufacturers are concentrated in Jiangsu. Actively improving weak links in the industrial chain, vigorously developing highend marine equipment and building a marine equipment industry base with distinguishing characteristics has become one of key points for the local industry to develop high-end marine equipment during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. In the high-end marine equipment sector, the local industry will prioritize three sectors. First, boost integrated, intelligent and modular development of advantageous marine equipment products, meet marine equipment requirements for low-temperature resistant, low temperature and crack arrest raw materials, grasp core design and manufacturing technology. Second, accelerate independent brand product development and industrialization of marine and offshore engineering equipment. Third, grasp matching technology of key systems for offshore engineering equipment, including drilling system integration technology, power positioning system integration technology, drilling package and large deck machine design and manufacturing technology, etc. They mainly include power system, electromechanical control equipment, offshore engineering equipment special equipment, underwater production system and key equipment, etc.
Jiangsu focuses on decapacity and improving weak links
By Wu Xiuxia