浅谈书面英语中的强调表达

张啸野

语言交流中，为了突出表达某个部分的重要性，人们往往采用加重语气的方法，以表示强调。比如：Who has been to Beijing before？ / Only Tom in the school.这里强调Who和Tom。在交流时，要重读。

再如，An experienced secretary is wanted by the company now. / Mary worked in a large manufacture company for a half and two years.句子里面幾个词要重读，experienced，worked，years等，以表示强调。

那么，书面语中的强调是如何实现的呢？其实，书面语强调也是有规律可循的。比如：强调句型是我们最熟悉的。除此之外，书面英语中使用特殊的词、短语等形式来表达强调语气。下面从词汇、句法两方面，对强调用法作以说明：

一、词汇方面的强调用法

1.形容词very（恰好的，正是的）；last（最不可能的；最不恰当的） ；only等强调名词。

（1）This is the very boob that I am looking for.

（2）He is the only person alive in the family.

（3）He is the last person Id trust with a secret.我要是有什么秘密，告诉谁也不能告诉他。

2.助动词do/does，did强调动词。

（1）Do be careful when crossing the road.

（2）I did write you a letter saying Thank you.我真的给你写了一封信，对你表示感谢。

3.反身代词oneself 作主语和宾语的同位语，加强语气。

（1） He himself told me that he was going abroad the next month.他亲口告诉我他下个月要出国。

（2） We had better ask the president herself about it.关于这件事最好问校长本人。

4.on earth，in the world ，ever（到底，究竟）用于疑问词后面。

（1）What on earth did you do last night？

（2）How in the world did you know the secret？

（3）Why ever did you agree？

5.副词just（正好，恰好，正要），right（恰好，正好，完全），well（完全地，彻底地，很），especially，particularly强调。

（1）He came just as I was leaving.我正要走时，他来了。

（2）There is a dog sitting right in the front of the little boy.

（3）The surface must be well prepared before you start to paint.

（4）Hes well able to take care of himself.

（5）I like the movie very much，especially the end .

（6） Marix seems to be particularly fond of her.

6.all，both，each作主语或者宾语的同位语。

（1）They all like it.

（2）I like them both.他们两个我都喜欢。（作宾语同位语）

（3）The students each have a dictionary.

7.ones 与own （自己的、本人的）连用，强调形容词性代词。

（1）It was her own idea.

（2）I saw her with my own eyes.

（3）Later，I learned that taking responsibility for my own mistakes is extremely important.

8. （all） alone/by oneself/on ones own独自地；单独地。

（1）He lives all by himself.

（2）I want to finish this task on my own.

（3）In fact，while the number of people riding bikes remains stable，cyclist deaths have increased by 10% in the last year alone.

9.词的重复表示强调。

（1）Day after day一天天地（强调重复）

（2）Day by day一天又一天（强调逐渐变化）

（3）Day in and day out天天（表示连续不息）

（4）Spring comes and it is getting warmer and warmer.

（5）He tried， tried again and again，and at last he succeeded in improving the repairing skills.他试呀试呀，一试再试，终于改进了修理技能。

（6）Enough is enough.适可而止。

（7）Like is like.以毒攻毒。

（8）Like teachers，like studens.严师出高徒。

10.程度副詞修饰形容词和副词比较级。常见的程度副词有a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal，much，even，far，still，ever，by far等。

（1）—The film is， I have to say， not a bit interesting.

—Why？ Its ________than the films I have ever seen.

A.far more interesting B.much less interesting

C.no more interesting D.any less interesting

解析：答案A。选项首先可以排除B选项，因为“no +比较级+than”表示比较双方都不怎么样，故排除；B和D选项，意思差不多，都表示“非常不有趣”。另外， not a bit（一点也不；根本不），not a little（非常，很）意思也要清楚。上下两句联系起来，就可以确定答案了。

（2）The new classroom is much/a lot/still/even/a great deal larger than the old one.

11.用强调性否定词： at all；in the least；a bit等。

（1）The boy wasnt at all tired.

（2） She wasnt in the least satisfied with me.

（3）Im not a bit cold.我一点儿都不冷。

12.情态动词Shall（表示决心、命令）必须，一定，应该，must（非要），mustnt（绝对不能，禁止）用法。

（1）He is determined that you shall succeed.他决心使你成功。

（2）—Sir，must you park your car at this Fire Engine Access？先生，你非得把车停在消防通道哪儿吗？

—Sorry，I didnt notice that.

（3）You mustnt enter the meeting-room without being permitted.

二、句法方面的强调用法

1.比较级用于否定句，表示最高级含义。

（1）—Tom ，how was your party last night？

—It couldnt have been worse.Many young men behaved badly .Besides，the food was little.

（2）—How do you like the hotel？

—Its great and I couldnt have found a better one.

2.Can not/ never/hardly…too；cannot do enough无论……也不过分；越……越好。

（1）You can never be too careful in the street.在街上越小心越好。

（2） I cannot thank you enough.我对你感激不尽。

3.What从句表示强调。

（1） What John wants is a birthday party.

（2）What we should pay more attention to is how the local government will take action.

4.倒装句表示强调。

A.完全倒装：（1）Look，there comes a bus.

（2）On the top of the hill stands a temple where the old man once lived.

（3）Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.

B.部分倒装：“Only+状语”放在句首；否定副词never/nor/little/seldom等放于句首；短语at no time；under/in no circumstances；in no case；by no means；on no condition等放置句首。

（1）Only when Tom fully recovered did he go back to work.

（2）Little did I know that this spilled the end of my career.

（3）At no time did they actually break the rules of the game.

5.“the+ 比較级……the +比较级”，表示“越……越……”用来强调后者。

（1）The busier he is，the happier he feels.他越忙越感到高兴。

（2） The more careful，the fewer mistakes will lend you to another failure.你越小心，导致你失败的错误就越少。

6.强调句表示强调。

（1）强调主语：It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.

It is not what you have but what you learn that matters

（2）强调宾语：It was him who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.

（3） 强调状语：It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.

Itwas yesterday afternoon. that I saw him in the nstreet.

（4）含有“not until...”的强调句。

It was not until we came back from outside that he got out of his bed.

巩固提高：

1.I _______thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.

A.wont B.cant C.can D.will

2.Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been________.

A.popular B.more popular

C.most popular D.the most popular

3.—Is everyone here？

—Not yet.Look， there________the rest of the guests！

A.come B.comes

C.is coming D.are coming

4.________he met with the difficulty did he realize the importance of our help.

A.Even though B.Never until

C.Only before D.Ever since

5.It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic______ZhengHe sailed to East Africa.

A.when B. that C.after D.since

6.The police were seeking more information to find out_________ the rich merchant.

A.who was it that killed

B.who it was that killed

C.it was who killed

D.who was it killed

7.—Tom，how was your party lat night？

—It couldnt have been_________.I had a wonderful get-together with my old friends.

A.worst B.better C.worse D.best

8.Dont blame them any more—this is ________ because they are still young and lack experience.

A.simply B.eventually

C.generally D.exactly

9._______I can say is that the rain that came that day saved our farm，just like the actions of one little boy saved another.

A.Which B.Why C.That D.What

10.At no time_______he rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.

A.they actually broke

B.do they actually break

C.did they actually break

D.they had actually broken

11.According to some studies，EQ is ________ important，if not more important than IQ.

A.so B.very C.even D.as

12. It _____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago .

A.was B.are

C.were D.had been

13.Its always difficult being in a foreign country，________if you dont speak the language.

A.extremely B.naturally

C.basically D.especially

14. She said she would go and she ________ go.

A. didnt B. did C. really D. would

15.It was not until dark _______ he found _________ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.

A.that；what B.that；that

C.when；what D.when；that

16.—Why were you absent from the lecture yesterday ？

—If you ________ know，I visited a relative of mine in hospital.

A.may B.shall C.must D.might

17. Lily was 9 years old. _____was old enough to go to school________.

A.She，she B.She，herself

C.Her，herself D.Her.she

18.We _______ have received a special present from our parents in New Year.

A..every B. all C.both D. each

19.—How did you find your visit to the museum？

—I thoroughly enjoyed it.It was _______ than I had expected.

A.far more interesting

B.even much interesting

C.so more interesting

D.a lot much interesting

20.Johnny，you_______ play with the knife or you ______ hurt yourself.

A.wont；cant B.mustnt；may

C.shouldnt；must D.cant；should

答案與解析：

1.B。考查固定用法。Cant/never... too/enough连用，表示“再怎么样也不为过；越怎么样越好”。

2.B。比较级用于否定句，表示最高级含义。

3.A。Here/There等副词放置于句首，并且主语非代词，全部倒装；不用进行时。

4.C。only放置于句首，修饰状语以及状语从句，句子要部分倒装。

5.B。强调句型。

6.B。宾语从句为强调句型，who为从句引导词，从句词序为陈述句词序。

7.B。比较级用于否定句，表示最高级含义。再考虑意思，故C不合适。

8.A。副词修饰从句，表示强调。

9.D。What在从句里作成分，强调所说的内容。

10.C。部分倒装。

11.D。形容词前修饰词。

12.A。强调句中，被强调部分为复数，但is/was不变化。

13.D。副词修饰从句。

14.B。强调动词。

15.A。复杂强调句式。第二空要填的词是从句里的主语，故选what。

16.C。情态动词must意思为“硬要，非要”。

17.B。反身代词作同位语。

18.D。each作同位语。

19.A。much用在比较级前，加强语气。

20.B。情态动词mustnt意思“绝对不能”。

（作者单位：浙江省诸暨市环城北路8号私立诸暨高级中学）