刘永芳,杨柳青,胡 欣,张洪川,周 凤,陈 琳
(川北医学院附属医院,四川 南充 637000)
荧光标记法结合反馈培训对医院环境清洁效果的影响
刘永芳,杨柳青,胡 欣,张洪川,周 凤,陈 琳
(川北医学院附属医院,四川 南充 637000)
目的 了解某院环境清洁消毒情况,评价荧光标记法结合反馈培训对环境清洁效果的影响。方法全院27个科室,每个科室抽取1名保洁员和2例住院患者,对保洁人员环境物体表面清洁消毒知识知晓和住院患者病区清洁情况进行调查,采用荧光标记法检测环境清洁效果,将调查结果及时反馈临床,并组织相关清洁消毒知识培训,比较培训前后环境物体表面的有效清洁率。结果共调查27名保洁员,其中清洁频次回答正确率为96.30%,分区概念知晓率为96.30%,清洁顺序正确率为92.59%,清洁后洁具消毒剂浸泡时间正确率为85.19%,更换抹布正确率为81.48%,抹布干燥率为48.15%,重复浸泡率为25.93%,消毒剂配置方法正确率和拖把干燥率均为0。调查54例患者,28例患者所住科室清洁频率为:床单元1~2次/d,地面1~2次/d;8例患者住院后床单元未擦过;9个科室18例患者与同一科室的患者回答完全不一致,无法统计。培训前后环境物体表面的有效清洁率分别为34.62%、64.96%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=21.81,P<0.01)。结论荧光标记法结合反馈培训能够改善医院环境物体表面的清洁消毒效果。
荧光标记法; 反馈; 培训; 医院清洁消毒; 效果评价
[Chin J Infect Control,2016,15(12):961-963]
医院感染(healthcare-associated infection,HAI)是住院患者死亡的重要原因之一,研究[1-4]显示,20%~40%的HAI与医务人员手污染有关,而手污染则来自患者或污染的环境表面,引起HAI暴发的常见病原体可以在医院环境表面持续存活。另一研究[5]显示,每月环境监测的阳性率与同期患者的感染定植数呈正相关,认为高标准的清洁是控制HAI暴发必不可少的措施。我院2013年监测数据显示,多重耐药菌中鲍曼不动杆菌占31.31%,情况不容乐观,故拟对我院保洁人员和环境清洁情况进行调查和改进,现将结果报告如下。
1.1 调查方法
1.1.1 保洁员调查 全院27个临床科室均随机抽取1名保洁人员进行环境物体表面清洁消毒知识的知晓调查。调查内容包括保洁人员数、核定床位数、每天清洁次数及所需时间,统计各病区拖把及抹布数量,洁具是否分区放置,洁具能否干燥;清洁过程中有无分区概念,是否使用消毒剂,消毒剂如何配置,如何更换拖把、抹布,有无重复浸泡,更换水或消毒剂时机,有无个人防护措施;清洁后拖把抹布是否清洁、消毒及干燥,消毒剂浸泡时间等。
1.1.2 患者调查 每个科室随机抽取2例住院时间>5 d的患者,了解床单元和地面清洁次数。
1.1.3 荧光标记法 各科室每日清洁后进行荧光笔标记,次日上午用Clinell紫光电筒观察标记荧光是否被擦净,完全擦净为正确清洁。选取的标记部位以床单元为主,包括床栏、床表面、床边柜拉手处、治疗车、氧气湿化瓶、输液器支架、门把手、监护仪控制面板、呼吸机控制面板等。
1.2 培训及反馈 培训前调查结果由医院感染管理办公室人员对全院保洁人员和科室护士长进行反馈,并在全院干部大会及医院感染管理委员会上通报调查结果。采取集中培训与现场指导相结合的方式对全院保洁人员进行医院环境及物体表面清洁消毒知识培训。
1.3 统计方法 有效清洁率=正确清洁数/荧光笔标记总数×100%;采用卡方检验法比较培训前后有效清洁率的差异,P≤0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.1 保洁员调查结果 27个科室共27名保洁员完成问卷调查,其中清洁频次回答正确率为96.30%(26/27),分区概念知晓率为96.30%(26/27),消毒剂配置方法正确率为0,更换抹布正确率为81.48%(22/27),重复浸泡率为25.93%(7/27),清洁顺序正确率为92.59%(25/27),清洁后洁具消毒剂浸泡时间正确率为85.19%(23/27),抹布干燥比率为48.15%(13/27),拖把干燥比率为0。
2.2 患者调查结果 共调查27个科室54例患者,28例患者所住科室清洁频率为:床单元1~2次/d,地面1~2次/d;8例患者住院后床单元未擦过;另外,有9个科室的18例患者与同一科室的患者回答完全不一致,无法统计。
2.3 荧光标记法 选取脑外科重症监护病房(ICU)、综合ICU、胸外科ICU等10个科室进行监测,培训前共标记104个部位;培训后增加对新生儿科、血透室的监测,共标记12个科室137个部位。培训前后有效清洁率分别为34.62%和64.96%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=21.81,P<0.01)。肿瘤科、综合ICU、感染科均有明显的改善,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。见表1。
保洁员调查结果显示,我院各科室配备2~4名保洁人员,绝大部分保洁人员对于清洁频次、分区概念、清洁顺序、抹布更换等知识了解情况尚可,但对84消毒剂的配置方法知晓率不高。实际工作中大部分科室拖把、抹布放置未严格分区,存在混用的现象;床单元清洁过程中存在卫生工具重复浸泡的现象,拖把、抹布数量不能满足科室需要,应该消毒的感染高风险部门在消毒前未进行清洁,使用后的拖把、抹布无法达到完全干燥。因此下一步应对我院的硬软件设施进行改进,如将拖把更换为可拆卸式拖把,配备足够的洁具,洁具采用热力型清洗消毒机进行集中处置,保洁人员的绩效考核制度改革等。患者调查中,由于患者走动、担心或不满情绪等多种原因,导致部分患者未如实回答,对患者及家属进行调查的方式不可取。
表1 培训前后各科室荧光标记清洁结果
目前,用于评价环境卫生的方法主要包括直接观察、棉拭子涂抹、琼脂压印、荧光标记法、ATP生物荧光检测。荧光标记法是有计划地在尚未被清洁消毒的物品表面进行标记,观察清洁人员能否有效清除,是快速、直接评估清洁效果的指标,被广泛应用。有研究显示,在美国36所急诊医院,采用荧光标记法考核终末清洁消毒的质量合格率仅为48%[6]。我院环境物体表面的有效清洁率培训前仅34.62%,培训后升高至64.96%,清洁效果有明显的改善。荧光标记的方法能够提供清洁效果的确切数据,为培训和反馈提供数据。通过向医院领导、各科室及部门负责人、保洁人员进行通报反馈,与科室绩效考核挂钩,调查表明,有的放矢地进行知识培训,培训效果更显著。大部分科室培训前后比较,差异无统计学意义,考虑和样本量较少有关。脑外科ICU和普外一科清洁率稍有下降,可能和前期清洁率高,护士长未引起足够重视有关,故该项工作尚需要多方面共同努力才能做到持续改进。荧光标记法在运行中也存在一些问题:标记布点时应避免科室医务人员跟随记录标记部位,标记布点过多,不够隐蔽,患者或家属可能会自行擦去,甚至有保洁人员自行购买紫光电筒进行荧光标记处照射,仅对标记处进行清洁,影响数据的真实性。
给患者提供一个安全的医疗环境是医院感染管理人员应尽的责任,医院环境物体表面的清洁消毒效果影响因素众多,但清洁是重中之重,规范清洁的各个环节,达到更好的清洁效果,从而减少医院感染的发生是工作的难点。
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(本文编辑:曾翠)
Effects of fluorescence labeling method plus feedback and training on hospital environmental cleaning effectiveness
LIUYong-fang,YANGLiu-qing,HUXin,ZHANGHong-chuan,ZHOUFeng,CHENLin
(TheAffiliatedHospitalofNorthSichuanMedicalCollege,Nanchong637000,China)
Objective To understand the cleaning status of hospital environment, and evaluate the effect of fluorescence labeling method plus feedback and training on hospital environmental cleaning effectiveness.Methods A total of 27 departments in a hospital were investigated, 1 cleaning staff and 2 inpatients were selected from each department, cleaning staff’s knowledge about cleaning and disinfection of environmental object surfaces, as well as cleaning status of inpatients’ wards were surveyed, cleaning efficacy of hospital environmental object surfaces were detected with fluorescence labeling method, the surveyed results were performed timely feedback to clinical departments, training on cleaning and disinfection knowledge was conducted, the effective cleaning rate of environmental object surface before and after the training was compared.Results A total of 27 cleaning staff were surveyed, the correct response rate for cleaning frequency was 96.30%,awareness rate for section concept was 96.30%,accuracy rate of cleaning order was 92.59%,accuracy rate of post-cleaning immersion time of sanitary wares in disinfectant was 85.19%,accuracy rates of replacing, drying, and repeated immersing wiping cloths were 81.48%,48.15%,and 25.93% respectively, rates of correct disinfectant formulating method and mop drying time were both 0. Among 54 investigated patients, bed units and ground of wards of 28 patients were cleaned both 1-2 times /day; bed units of 8 patients had never been wiped, 18 patients in 9 departments cannot be conducted statistics due to completely inconsistent responses with the other patients of the same departments. The effective cleaning rates of environmental object surfaces before and after the training were 34.62% and 64.96% respectively,difference was significant(χ2=21.81,P<0.01).Conclusion Fluorescence labeling method plus feedback and training can improve cleaning efficacy of hospital environmental object surfaces.
fluorescence labeling method; feedback; training; cleaning and disinfection in hospital; effectiveness evaluation
10.3969/j.issn.1671-9638.2016.12.016
2016-02-16
刘永芳(1978-),女(汉族),四川省南充市人,副主任医师,主要从事细菌耐药及医院感染研究。
胡欣 E-mail:396032116@qq.com
R197.323.4
A
1671-9638(2016)12-0961-03