西藏紫草科二新种

王文采

(中国科学院植物研究所，系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室，北京 100093)

西藏紫草科二新种

王文采

(中国科学院植物研究所，系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室，北京 100093)

描述了自西藏发现的紫草科二新种，尾苞滇紫草和定结附地菜，并分别给出其等与近缘种的区别特征。

紫草科；滇紫草属；附地菜属；新种；西藏

图1 A～G.尾苞滇紫草：A.开花茎上部，B.苞片，C.花，D.花冠打开，示5基部连着的雄蕊，E.雄蕊，F.花萼和雌蕊，G.腺体和雌蕊 H～L. 定结附地菜：H.植株全形，I.花冠打开，示花冠5附属物和5雄蕊，J.花萼和雌蕊(2萼片切除)，K.小坚果(背面观)，L.同K，腹面观Fig.1 A-G.Onosma dolichourum: A.Upper part of flowering stem, B.Bract, C.Flower, D.Opened corolla,showing the 5 stamens coherent at base, E.Stemen, F.Calyx and pistil, G.Glands and pistil(from holotype) H-L. Trigonotis dingjieensis: H.Habit, I.Opened corolla,showing the five corolla appendices and five stamens, J.Calyx and pistil,with two sepals removed, K.Nutlet,dorsal view, L.The same as K,ventral view(from holotype)

尾苞滇紫草 图1:A-G

OnosmadolichoutumW.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig.1: A-G

Ob sepala corollae aequilonga, antheras basi cohaerentes species nova haec est fortosse affinisO.cingulatoW.W.Smith, quod caulibus patule fulvo-hirsutis, drepaniis multis terminalibus et axillaribus in thrsum terminalem amplum ca. 40 cm longum dispositis, bracteis lanceolatis apice haud caudatis, floribus minoribus, corollis 7-9 mm longis facile differt.

Perennial herbs. Stems 32-38 cm tall, near base ca. 5 mm across, spreading white-hirsute(hairs 2-4 mm long) and densely retrorse-strigillose(hair 0.3-0.9 mm long), simple, 18-22 leaved. Basal leaves unknown. Cauline leaves sessile, chartaceous, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 3.5-7 cm×(0.4-)0.7-1.4 cm, apex attenuate, base obtuse or rounded, margin entire; surfaces adaxially densely appressed-hirsute(hairs 2-3 mm long, arising from small discoid bases) and strigillose(hairs 0.5-1 mm long), abaxially very densely strigillose and on midrib hirsute; midrib adaxially flat, abaxially prominent, near base at each side with 1-2 inconspicuous lateral nerves. Drepanium terminal, ca. 4 cm×6 cm, ca. 16-flowered, with ca. 2 branches; bracts broadly ovate or ovate, including apex 2-3.2 cm×0.4-1.4 cm, apex very long caudate(caudate apexes 14-20 mm×0.6-1.2 mm, densely white-hirsute). Flower: Pedicel 2.5-6 mm long, hirsute. Sepals 5, free, as long as or slightly surpassing corolla, narrowly lanceolate-linear, 14-16.5 mm×0.4-1 mm,densely white-hirsute. Corolla dark-purple, tubular, 13-14 mm long, near base ca. 3 mm and near apex ca. 4.5 mm across, adaxially only on base densely puberulous, elsewhere glabrous, abaxially above the middle appressed-pubescent, 5-lobed; lobes small, depressed-semiorbicular, ca. 0.7 mm×1.5-1.8 mm. Stamens 5, included, ca. 6 mm above corolla base inserted to corolla tube, glabrous; filaments ca. 2 mm long; anthers coherent at base, linear, including sterile apexes(1 mm long) 7 mm long, base sagittate. Nectary ca. 1 mm high, with sparse hairs. Pistil included, glabrous; ovary ca. 1.6 mm high, 4-lobed; style slender, ca. 13 mm long; stigma depressed-capitate, 2-lobulate.

西藏自治区(Xizang Autonomous Region):吉隆县，吉隆镇(Jilong Xian,Jilong Zhen),alt.3 700 m,山坡灌草丛(Shrub-grassland on slope),flowers dark purple,2013-07-22,PE西藏队(Xizang Expedition from PE)3837(holotypeand isotype,PE).

本种的萼片与花冠等长(有时稍长过花冠)，花药基部连着，可能与也具上述特征的昭通滇紫草(OnosmacingulatumW.W.Smith)有亲缘关系，与后者的区别在于本种的茎被白色长硬毛，镰状聚伞花序单生茎顶，长约4 cm，苞片宽卵形或卵形，顶端具极长的狭披针状条形尾状尖头，花较大，花冠长13～14 mm。在昭通滇紫草，茎被黄褐色长硬毛，镰状聚伞花序多数，顶生并腋生，组成一长约40 cm的顶生大聚伞圆锥花序，苞片披针形，顶端不呈尾状，花较小，长7～9 mm[2～3]。

定结附地菜 图1:H-L

TrigonotisdingjieensisW.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig.1:H-L

(Sect.Trigonotis)

Species nova haec est arcte affinisT.gracilipediJohnst., quae pedicellis longioribus usque ad 10 mm et sub fructu ad 20 mm longis, corollae appendicibus transversaliter rectangularibus 2-lobulatis glabris, nuculis sparse puberulis recedit.

Small perennial herbs. Stems 4-5 caespitose, 6-12(-22) cm tall, near base 0.8-1.2 mm across, densely antrorsely strigillose, simple or above shortly branched. Basal leaves ca. 15, caespitose, long petiolate; blades papery, ovate or oblong-ovate, 0.5-1 cm×0.3-0.7 cm, apex acutish, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin entire; surfaces adaxially densely strigillose or strigose, abaxially densely strigose; midrib adaxially slightly impressed, abaxially prominent; petioles 1-2.5 cm long, flattened, glabrous or with sparse hairs. Lower cauline leaves similar to basal leaves, longer or shortly petiolate, upper cauline leaves sessile, narrowly ovate, 0.8-1.4 cm long. Drepania 2.5-7 cm long, only at base 1-2-bracteate; bracts similar to upper cauline leaves, ovate or narrowly ovate, 0.3-0.8 cm long. Flower: Pedicel 0.5-2mm long, strigillose. Sepals 5, narrowly ovate, ca. 1 mm×0.4 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially densely strigose. Corolla blue-purple; tube ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; limb ca. 3 mm in diam, glabrous, 5-lobed, with lobes suborbicular, ca. 1.2 mm in diam.; appendages 5, lunulate, ca. 0.4 mm×1 mm, on margin with a few white appressed hairs. Stamens 5, inserted to the middle of corolla tube, glabrous; anthers oblong, ca. 0.3 mm long. Pistil glabrous; ovary 4-lobed, with lobes broadly ellipsoidal, ca. 0.3mm long; style 0.4 mm long; stigma yellow, depressed-globose, ca. 0.15 mm in diam. Achenes 4, greenish, shortly stipitate, tetrahedral, glabrous; dorsal surface slightly convex, deltoid-ovate, ca. 1 mm×0.7 mm, 2 ventral surfaces obliquely triangular, ca. 0.8 mm×0.5 mm, basal surface small; stipe downward, ca. 0.2 mm long.

西藏自治区(Xizang Autonomous Region):定结县，陈塘沟，美女湖(Dingjie Xian,Chentang Valley,Meinu Lake),alt.4 151 m,林缘湿地(in wet places at forest margin),草本，花蓝紫色(herbs; flowers blue purple),2013-07-15,PE西藏队(Xizang Expedition from PE)3489(holotype,PE;isotypes two sheets,PE).

本种与细梗附地菜(TrigonotisgracilipesJohnst.)在亲缘关系方面甚为相近，与后者的区别在于本种的花梗甚短，长仅0.5～2 mm， 花冠附属物呈新月形，不分裂，在边缘有少数白色贴伏柔毛，小坚果无毛。在细梗附地菜，花梗较长，长达10 mm，果期长达20 mm，花冠附属物呈横长方形，微2裂，无毛，小坚果疏被短柔毛[1]。

致谢深切感谢孙英宝先生为本文绘图。

1.王庆瑞.Trigonotis.中国植物志[M].北京：科学出版社,1989,64(2):77-106.

2.刘玉兰,Onosma.中国植物志[M]. 北京：科学出版社,1989,64(2):45-66.

3.Johnston J M.Studies in the Boraginaceae.XXI.Sino-Indian species of Onosma[J].Journal of the Arnold Arboretum,1951,32:201-225,344-368.

TwoNewSpeciesofBoraginaceaefromXizang

WANG Wen-Tsai

(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Scienses,Beijing 100093)

Two species of the family Boraginaceae,OnosmadolichourumandTrigonotisdingjieensis, are described as new from Xizang Autonomous Region, and the diagnostic differences between them and their allies are given respectively.

Boraginaceae;Onosma;Trigonotis;new species;Xizang

王文采(1926—)，男，研究员，中国科学院院士，从事有花植物分类学研究。

2015-11-08

Q949.777.4

A

10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2016.03.001