宫文胜
【设计理念】
译林新版《英语》六下Unit 8 Our Dreams(story time)是一堂以梦想为主题的课,Miss Li和她的学生们以对话的方式讲述了各自的梦想职业和缘由。故事中透露出师生们的美好愿景和仁爱之心。
从提升学生综合语用能力的角度看,本节课的目标语为What do you want to be...? I want to be...以及有关职业的词语:astronaut,dancer,pianist, football player等。通过指导学生朗读、理解故事以及引导学生谈论自身的梦想,便可轻松实现这一目标。然而,在促进学生习得和使用目标语的同时,如何进行高级思维的训练、人文性的渗透、价值观的引领以及学习策略的指导呢?带着这些问题,笔者进行了以下思考与设计。
1.关注学生的思维品质,尤其是高级思维。
在本节课中,Get to know环节,要求学生猜测教师的描述中哪一条不是真的;Lets discuss环节,讨论为实现梦想,应该做些什么?这两个环节都旨在训练学生的分析力(即:思维金字塔第四层analyzing); Read and say环节,让学生说说为什么Miss Li的梦想是希望学生的梦想成真,旨在促进学生语言运用能力的提升(即:思维金字塔第三层applying); Lets retell环节,复述人物的梦想并谈谈自己的看法,不仅仅涉及学生的记忆和理解(即:思维金字塔第一层remembering和第二层understanding),而且指向学生的评价能力(即:思维金字塔第五层evaluating)。
2.关注人文性的渗透,价值观的引领。
在教学互动中,笔者通过相机提炼并板书have a dream/follow the dream/build your dream,展示莫言、乔布斯、奥巴马等人物的案例,朗诵dream的小诗以及推荐追逐梦想的绘本和电影,旨在促进学生对拥有梦想、追逐梦想和实现梦想的理解和感悟。
3.关注学习策略的指导。
这是一节阅读课,阅读教学当然要有阅读技能、策略的渗透。笔者的做法是,通过改变阅读模式,聚焦和放大阅读思维的过程,从而促进阅读策略的有效渗透。例如:根据答句猜测问句,根据上句猜测下句,根据词形、上下文释词等等。
4.以师生互动的方式建构故事。
本课,教师并不是一开始就给学生提供完整的教材,而是逐步提供,从开始的听录音选出梦想职业,到快速阅读,完成人与梦想职业的图文配对,再到细读选句子,补充梦想理由,最后到探讨如何才能实现梦想,在一系列的师生互动中,实现由部分图文建构成完整故事,同时进行了拓展,丰富了故事内容。
【教学目标】
1.了解故事中人物的梦想职业和缘由,能够熟练地朗读故事,部分学生能够复述故事。
2.懂得人生要拥有梦想、追寻梦想以及实现梦想的道理。
3.有效训练运用、分析、评价等高阶思维能力。
4.掌握“根据答句猜测问句”“根据上句猜测下句”以及“根据词形和上下文释词”等阅读策略。
【教学活动及意图】
Before-reading
Step 1 Get to know
T: Heres something about me. One, Im a writer. Two, I was a football player. Three, I want to be a boss in the future. Four, I want to have a second child. But theres one which is not true. Guess!
【此环节不仅能极大地激发学生的好奇心、活跃课堂氛围,快速地拉近师生距离,而且能训练学生的高级思维(analyzing),感知本节课的目标语。】
Step 2 Act, guess and learn
T: Actually, I want to be an actor, because I like acting. Now, I act, you guess.(借助动作表演,教师相机教授和板书单词astronaut,pianist)
T: Can I be an actor?Ok!I know I dont have the gift. But this is my dream. I have a dream. (教师相机板书:Have a dream)
【借助动作表演,教师能够激发学生的旧知并呈现新知,营造极好的以梦想职业为话题的语境。同时,示弱(I dont have the gift.)和板书(Have a dream),能够对学生的价值取向和人生观产生积极的影响。】
Step 3 Lets talk
T: I want to be an actor. What do you want to be? (教师先和一个学生进行对话示范,然后组织小组讨论,并请一位学生汇报一组人的梦想职业。)
Step 4 Lets guess!
T: Look at the picture.(呈现文本中的师生图)What are their dreams? Can you guess? (猜测过程中,教师相机板书有关职业的单词)
【设置悬念,旨在引起学生对故事的好奇心,增强学生的学习欲望。同时,激发学生的想象力。】
While-reading
Step 5 Listen and circle.
T: You guess a lot. Lets listen and check.(先播放全文录音,然后请学生汇报答案)
Step 6 Read and match.
T: What nice dreams! And, who wants to be a football player, who wants to be a dentist? Lets read and choose the pictures, you can write here.学生快速浏览经过处理的文本(教材中的梦想职业图和部分文字被挖空),并为故事人物配上合适的职业图,填序号。
Step 7 Read and choose.
T: Now we know their dreams. But why do they have the dreams?Lets read the pieces and stick them on the right place.学生仔细阅读经过处理的文本和九张被挖空文字的碎纸条(其中有一张是多余的,是教师精心安排的干扰项),并将相应的碎纸条贴到文本的挖空处,补全对话。
T: Now work in pairs for three minutes, and then well check.(在核对答案的过程中,相机板书表达梦想职业缘由的关键词组)
【从听录音选出梦想职业,到快速阅读,完成人物与梦想职业的图文配对,再到细读选句子,补充理由,笔者旨在突破以往由整体到细节的阅读方式,尝试实现由部分图文建构成完整故事的文本学习方式。通过分析经过处理的文本中的gaps,极大地丰富了故事理解过程中趣味性和个性化体验,有效地训练了学生的理解力和分析力。同时,这也为阅读策略的渗透做好了铺垫。】
预设1.
T:Miss Li is asking the students about their dreams. Whats the question?
S1: What do you want to be in the future, boys?
T: How do you know?Why dont you choose this one “Where do you want to go in the future, boys?”
S1: Because it says “I want to be a dentist”.
T: Great!So we can guess the question according to the answer.
预设2.
T: Whats the next?
S2: Many children dont care about their teeth. I want to help them.
T: Why do you choose this one?
S2: Because it says “I want to be a dentist”.
T: Yes! We can also guess the following sentence from the last one.
预设3
T:What does “spaceship” mean? Here are two choices: A. ship on water; B. ship in space.
S3: I think Its B.
T: Why?
S3: Because it says “fly...moon”.
T: Good point. You can guess the meaning of the new word from the context. Is there another way?
S4: Because it says “spaceship”, not “watership”.
T: Very smart. We can also guess the meaning of new word from word form.
预设4
T: What does “world cup” mean?
S5: 世界杯
T: Can you explain it in English?Is it a cup?
S6: No. Its a match.
T: A basketball match?
S6: No. Its a football match.
T: Big one or small one?
S6: Very big one.
T: Now tell me what “world cup” means in English.
S6: Its a very big football match.
T: Good!We should try to explain the new word in English. Its good for our English thinking.
Step 8 Read and say
T: Now we know childrens dreams. Whats Miss Lis dream?
S7: She wants to see childrens dreams come true.
【笔者以上的四个预设,旨在促进根据答句猜测问句(预设1)、根据上句猜测下句(预设2)、根据上下文及词形释词(预设3)以及用英语解释生词(预设4)等阅读策略的有效渗透。】
T: What do you think of Miss Li?
S7: She loves her students.
T: Look!You teacher is here. Im sure she has the same dream. Can you say something to her?
S8:You care about me, just like my mother. I love you.
【引导学生分析Miss Li的梦想缘由和表达对老师的谢意,不仅能有效训练学生的高级思维(evaluating)、提升他们的综合语用能力,而且能激发学生的感恩之心。】
Post-reading
Step 9 Lets discuss!
T: To make dreams come true, people should do something to follow the dreams.(教师相机板书:Follow your dream) What should they do? For example...
S9: Liu Tao wants to be a football player. To make the dream come true, I think Liu Tao should play football a lot, go running every day and do more exercises.
【引导学生分析和表达为实现梦想,故事人物需要做些什么?不仅有助于促进学生对文本内容的深入理解,而且能有效地训练学生的高级思维(analyzing),提升学生的综合语用能力。】
Step 10 Lets read!
T: Listen and imitate carefully, pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.
T: Try to read by yourself.
Step 11 Lets retell!
T: Look at the blackboard-writing, you can choose one to retell. You can also talk about your ideas.
S10:Yang Ling wants to be a pianist. I think the dream is great, because music makes people happy. To make the dream come true, she should play the piano every day and have some piano lessons. I want to be a pianist too, because I like music and Im good at it.
T: What will you do?
S10: I will practice every day. Maybe I will learn from a pianist and I will take good care of my hands.
T: My girl, its not easy to be a pianist. You will suffer a lot. But never give up. You should do your best and learn to be strong. Then you can build your dream. (教师板书:Build your dream)
【与传统retell不同的是,学生不仅需要根据板书复述故事人物的梦想职业及缘由,还需要陈述对人物梦想的个性化的建议和看法,以及表明自己的梦想职业和缘由。经过优化的retell环节,有效突破了remembering、understanding等低级思维的禁锢,极大地融入了applying、analyzing、evaluating等高级思维的训练。】
Step 12 Lets share!
T: Look! Here are some examples, let me show you!(播放TF boys、郎朗、莫言、爱因斯坦、乔布斯等名人拥有梦想到实现梦想的图片)
T: The three boys wants to be pop stars. Now they are TF boys. The young boy wants to be prince of piano, the dream comes true. The little kid wants to make life better. Finally, he did it. He is Jobs.
T: So, Boys and girls. Have a dream , your life will be lit up as it comes; follow your dream, although its as hard as it seems; then you can build your dream. (逐句呈现小诗Dream)
T: I wish all of you can have a dream, follow your dream and then build your dream.
【名人的成功例子、小诗以及板书链(have a dream、follow the dream、build your dream),旨在让学生深刻地感悟拥有、追寻以及实现梦想的意义,从而帮助学生形成关于梦想的正确的价值取向。】
(作者单位:南京市江宁实验小学)