高分子体系中物理机制与其应用探索

马余强 张泽新 胡志军 陈康 贾玉玺

摘 要：高分子体系的大量外在性质是由其物理机制控制的，研究高分子体系中的物理机制对其应用有着重要的促进意义。我们在对高分子胶体的非晶液-固转变行为等基础问题进行深化研究的同时，也对高分子纳米微阵列的物理学性质、枝状高分子及一般软或硬胶体载药应用中的物理机制、碳纤维复合材料玻璃化转变等高分子应用问题进行了探索性研究。结合分子动力学模拟、非线性Langevin方程等理论模拟方法和荧光、电镜等实验方法，这些研究深入发展了硬球胶体的玻璃化转变、应力响应等理论。并且具体发现：高分子胶体的形状对其自组织性质有显著影响；纳米微阵列的尺寸可调节高分子主转变等物理性质；枝状分子的pH载药响应效应；胶体颗粒旋转、磷脂膜排布等因素在胶体内吞中的作用；碳纤维复合材料玻璃化转变可用于诱导形状记忆效应。从广度和深度，我们深化了高分子体系中物理机制的认识，将为其发展应用提供重要基础。

关键词：高分子 胶体 纳米微阵列 枝状分子 相变 磷脂膜

Exploration of the Physical Mechanisms in Polymer System and Their Applications

Ma Yuqiang1 Zhang Zexin2 Hu Zhijun2 Chen Kang2 Jia Yuxi3

（1.Department of Physics， Nanjing University；2.Center for Soft Condensed Matter & Interdisciplinary Research，Suzhou University；

3.School of Materials Science and Engineering， Shandong University）

Abstract：A great many properties of polymers are controlled by physical mechanism. Understanding these mechanisms will contribute to the application of polymers. In basic study， we have researched deep into the liquid-solid transition of polymer colloids； while in application study， we mainly explored the physical property of polymer-based nano-pattern， the physical interaction mechanism of dendrimer carrier or normal solid/soft colloid in drug delivery， and the application of the glass transition of carbon fibres. Combining theory/simulation （i.e. DPD， nonlinear Langevin equation） with experiment （i.e. fluorescence， electron microscope） methods， we have developed the glass transition， stress-response theories of hard spheres. It is also found that： the shape decides the colloid self-assemble behavior； the size of the polymer nano-array can influence the physical property， such as main transition， of the system； the pH-dependent drug capsulation property of dendrimer in drug delivery； the influence of the rotation of colloid and lipid packing in particle endocytosis； and the glass transition of carbon fibre can be used in memory of the original shape. In depth and width， our studies advanced the understanding of physical mechanisms in polymer system， which will provide important reference for its further applications.

Key Words：Polymer； Colloid； Nano-pattern； Dendrimer； Phase transition； Lipid membrane

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