陈传光
初中生的英语听力训练,是初中英语教学的一个重要环节。目前初中英语听力教学与教学大纲所规定的目标尚有一定的差距。大多数学生对笔试得心应手,对听力考试却望而生畏。突破听力难关,不仅有利于其他单项技能的训练,以听说带动读写,促进学生阅读能力的提高,同时也为培养学生英语交际能力奠定坚实的基础。加强学生听力能力的培养,不仅有助于打牢语言底子,还能激发学生的学习兴趣,调动学生的学习积极性,为进一步学习打下坚实的基础。除了扎实的基本功以外,掌握适当的听力技巧在提高中学生英语听力上也尤为重要。下面笔者结合自己的教学实践,将中考英语听力技巧呈现给各位同学,供大家参考。
听力测试的命题者在设计试题选项时,总是“挖空心思”地考查考生对于语音材料的理解程度,设计一些干扰选项来影响考生的正确判断,但命题者在题干中总是会有意或无意地“暴露”出该段材料的主题或段落大意。所以,在放录音材料前,同学们一定要利用间隙时间快速浏览题干和选项,根据题干和选项提供的信息联想相关背景知识,进行一定的预测,有的放矢地捕捉期待的信息内容,从而降低试题的难度。
[听力例题]
( )What is David going to do?
A. Catch a train home.
B. Do his homework.
C. Go to a park.
[录音原文]
W: David, are you coming with us to the park?
M: No, Im sorry. I have to do my homework.
[答案解析]
这是一道判断讲话人意图的试题。解题时,根据所提供的三个选项可以预测到该题的命题点主要是考查David即将要做什么事。带着这种预测,听录音时从“No, Im sorry, I have to do my homework.”可以迅速确定此题答案选B。
同学们在听录音时,要特别注意识别关键信息,如关键词、关键句、关键段等。
[听力例题]
( )Who is Chris Paine?
A. A computer engineer.
B. A bookseller.
C. A writer.
[录音原文]
W: I like to read Chris Paine.
M: So do I. I hear he writes on his computer, and his new book will come out next week.
[答案解析]
本题考查同学们根据所给信息判断人物身份的能力。根据听到的read,writes,come out可以判断出Chris Paine是一个作家,所以此题答案选C。
要确定试题中的问题问的是哪个时间的事,问题涉及的事是录音中不同时间发生的事件中的哪一个,动词的时态十分重要。必须听清描述该事件用的是现在时、将来时、现在完成时还是过去完成时。
[听力例题]
( )What day is it tomorrow?
A. Tuesday. B. Wednesday.
C. Thursday.
[录音原文]
W: What? You havent got ready. Isnt it Thursday today?
M: No, its Wednesday.
[答案解析]
本题三个选项都是表示星期的词,录音中听到了Thursday和Wednesday两个词,很多同学会在B和C之间犹豫不断。但如果注意听到一个关键词today,就很容易确定此题答案选C。
听力中经常出现“Where does the conversation/ dialogue take place?”之类的问题,考生要通过对话的具体情节和背景判断对话发生的地点。
[听力例题]
( )Where does the conversation take place?
A. At a bookshop.
B. At a cinema.
C. At a library.
[录音原文]
W: How long may I keep the book?
M: Two weeks.
[答案解析]
此题考查对话发生的地点。由“How long may I keep the book?”可确定此题答案选C。
听力试题中对数字的考查一般侧重于读音易混淆数字的辨别。如:thirteen与thirty等,另外还会考查一些简单的计算。
[听力例题]
( )How much will the man lend to the woman?
A. ¥280. B. ¥200. C. ¥80.
[录音原文]
W: This coat looks nice and it costs 280 yuan. But I have got only 200 yuan.
M: Dont worry. Ill lend you the rest.
[答案解析]
听力材料中出现了“280 yuan”和“200 yuan”两个数字,听不清楚的同学,容易错选A或B,但结合男士的回答,很容易确定此题答案选C。
听力考查问到职业和人物关系时需要同学们根据场景和讲话者的语气及态度判断,此时关键词十分重要。
[听力例题]
( )What is the lady?
A. A nurse. B. A teacher. C. A worker.
[录音原文]
W: What does Mrs. Green do?
M: She teaches in a middle school near here.
[答案解析]
根据男士的回答“She teaches in a middle school near here.”很容易判断出Mrs. Green的身份是一名教师。所以此题答案选B。
人们进行日常对话,就是在运用口头语言进行交际,总是有一定的交际目的,如抱怨、道歉、赞同、反对、征求意见、盛情邀请、问路等,这是听力理解的一个重要方面。
[听力例题]
( )What is the woman going to do?
A. Turn down the TV.
B. Turn on the TV.
C. Turn up the TV.
[录音原文]
M: The music on TV is too loud. I cant hear what you said.
W: Sorry, sir.
[答案解析]
根据女士的回答“Sorry, sir.”得到提示这名女士将把电视声音调小。所以此题答案选A。
在绝大多数情况下,言外之意都是第二说话人通过简略回答、间接回答或讲话的语气表达出来。
[听力例题]
( ) What does the mans answer mean?
A. The woman cant sit beside him.
B. The woman can sit beside him.
C. Someone else will sit beside him.
[录音原文]
W: Excuse me. Do you mind if I sit here?
M: No, of course not.
[答案解析]
根据男士的回答“No, of course not.”得出提示表明这名女士可以坐在他旁边。所以此题答案选B。
听力材料不管听什么材料,一定不要被个别词句分散注意力,要把精力集中在对材料整体内容的理解上,树立整体观念,从总体上把握问题。如整篇材料使用的时态、人物在具体环境中应采用何种交际用语,英美国家的交际习惯等。只有从大局着眼,通盘考虑才可能作出符合题意的选择。
[听力例题]
( )What did Jim do this morning?
A. He had a history lesson.
B. He had an English lesson.
C. He attended a meeting.
[录音原文]
W: What about your English class this morning, Jim?
M: We were supposed to have an English class, but Mr. Wu was out of town for a meeting, so we had a history lesson instead.
[答案解析]
同学们若不能从整体上把握内容,很有可能一听到“What about your English class this morning, Jim?”就误选B,而实际上,由“so we had a history lesson instead.”可知,吉姆那天上的是历史课。所以此题答案选A。
以上介绍的听力技巧固然对提高听力测试成绩有很大帮助,但它绝不是决定因素。听力水平的提高,要靠长期艰苦的训练才能获得。笔者坚信,只要同学们能注重平时的基础训练,扎实练好基本功,再掌握一些科学、合理的听力技巧,就一定能在听力测试中得心应手。