阅读理解专项训练

河北 郭鹏举

阅读理解专项训练

河北 郭鹏举

Passage 1

Why Good Leadership Begins With You

A few weeks ago，I had lunch with a dear friend and incredible entrepreneur. Over food we talked about the progress she made with her company，which has grown from a few people to a team of nine with a product in market and solid financial backing.

In the process，she had to adapt from being the person always contributing to each and every aspect of building the product and company to being the one who’s role and responsibility is to manage others.

This particular moment in time is one of the most fundamental shifts for entrepreneurs—the day you move from individual contributor to manager.

You suddenly need a whole new skill set. You need to figure out how to best manage people，how to make your people productive and happy，and how to deal with conflict.

People often seek advice on techniques，processes and methods of leadership. You can read endless books，blog posts and more about this. And yet，I believe it’s most important to first start with yourself. You need to fundamentally understand yourself first before you can become a good leader.

What are your strengths and weaknesses?What is your communication style?What are things you need in relationships with others，and what can you live without?What gives you energy，and what drains you?What are your values?What is most important to you?

Once you understand yourself and fully lean into your authentic leadership style，the rest is merely learning and applying a few best practices.

（原文出处：http://unreasonable.is/why-good-leadership-begins-with-you/）

1. In the writer’s opinion，what is one of the most fundamental shifts for entrepreneurs?

A. From being a worker to being a boss.

B. From doing the detail work in person to managing others.

C. From seeking advice from others to making up one’s mind on one’s own.

D. From being a person with weaknesses to being a person with strengths.

2. According to the writer，during the most fundamental shift，a whole new skill set is needed，which includes the following EXCEPT__________.

A. the skill of best managing people

B. the skill of making people productive and happy

C. the skill of building the product

D. the skill of dealing with conflict

3. In order to go through the process of the shift successfully，what shall we first do to get a whole new skill set?

A. Asking for advice from friends and relatives.

B. Seeking advice from books and blog posts.

C. Getting a degree in college.

D. Understanding ourselves.

4. What’s the meaning of the underlined word in the sixth paragraph?

A.To leave someone feeling physically and emotionally exhausted.

B. To dry something by causing water to flow out of it.

C. To remove the liquid by causing it to flow somewhere else.

D. To remove the color and make it pale.

5. What’s the purpose of the writer to ask so many questions in paragraph six?

A. To tell the entrepreneurs how to understand themselves.

B. To show the main idea of the passage.

C. To arouse the reader’s curiosity.

D. To summarize the writer’s opinion.

Passage 2

Man Hospitalized After Ramen and Cola Binge

A young man reportedly ate so much ramen and soda in one sitting that doctors say his stomach nearly exploded from gas.

Instant noodles and soda are a staple diet of college kids everywhere，but that has the potential to be a deadly combination，as one young man discovered when he ate so much ramen and soda that his stomach nearly exploded. According to Rocket News 24，a young man in Chongqing，China，ate two whole packages of instant noodles and washed them down with two whole bottles of soda. Then，somehow，he was still hungry，so he also ate some potato chips and other snacks.

That night，he had a stomach ache. It was much more severe than a normal stomach ache，and eventually he realized something was wrong and went to a hospital.

When he got there and was examined，doctors were stunned to see just how much gas had built up in the very hungry young man’s stomach. Doctors say his stomach had become a giant，swollen mass and was actually about to burst. Luckily，doctors were able to save the patient by putting a tube in his stomach to relieve the pressure of the excess gas.

The young man’s appetite is a pretty extreme case. Doctors say a person consuming a single serving of instant noodles and some soda should be perfectly fine，maybe just a little burpy（打嗝的）. Gorging（狼吞虎咽） on instant noodles and soda，however，might result in a pretty sore stomach afterwards.

（原文出处：http://www.thedailymeal.com/man-hospitalized-eating-ramen-soda-gas/1516）

1. Which of the following is NOT included in the young man’s meal?

A. Two packages of instant noodles.

B. Two bottles of soda.

C. Some potato chips.

D. Some milk.

2. How did the doctors save the patient?

A. By building up enough gas in his stomach.

B. By getting his stomach to burst.

C. By pumping out the extra gas.

D. By examining his stomach.

3. Which of the following can take the place of the underlined word in Paragraph 4?

A. Surprised. B. Satisfied.

C. Disappointed. D. Astonished.

4. What can we infer from the passage?

A. All the college students like to eat instant noodles.

B. The young man’s condition was too severe to be cured.

C. The combination of instant noodles and soda can give off lots of gas.

D. Once one had the instant noodles together with the soda，his stomach would explode.

5. Which column in a newspaper might the passage belong to?

A. Diet and health. B. Cultural life.

C. Fashion. D. Sports.

【答案与解析】

Passage 1

【篇章导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议、叙议结合的议论文。作者认为企业家最为重要的转型之一就是从事事躬亲、亲历亲为的生产第一线转型到掌管全局、平衡各方的管理者。要成功地实现这个转型，需要一套全新的技能。为了获得这套技能，可以看书，可以浏览博客贴文，但是最为重要的是从了解自我开始。

1. B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“she had to adapt from being the person always contributing to each and every aspect of building the product and company to being the one who’s role and responsibility is to manage others.”可知，她不得不适应从事事躬亲到管理他人的角色转变。又根据第三段中的“move from individual contributor to manager”可知，它们都是B选项的同义转述。故选B项。

2. C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“You need to figure out how to best manage people，how to make your people productive and happy，and how to deal with conflict.”可知，这些技能包括如何最好地管理他人，如何让员工高效率和幸福，如何处理冲突。没有提及的是产品生产的技能，故选C项。

3. D。细节理解题。根据第五段中的“it’s most important to first start with yourself. You need to fundamentally understand yourself first”可知，了解自我是获得全新技能的首要工作。故选D项。

4. A。词义猜测题。根据上文中的“What are things you need in relationships with others，and what can you live without?”可知，“things you need”与“live without”是截然相反、相互对立的事物，故“gives you energy”与“drains you”也应是对立的关系，故选A项。

5. A。主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“You need to fundamentally understand yourself first before you can become a good leader.”可知，作者认为了解自我是企业家获得全新技能、实现角色转变的首要任务，作者提出这些问题的目的是告诉企业家如何认识自己，从哪些方面认识自己。故选A项。

Passage 2

【篇章导读】本文是一篇记叙文，记述了中国的一位年轻人吃了过多的方便面和可乐，造成胃里积聚太多的气体，差点爆了胃。医生用导管排出了他胃里的空气，才得以保住了他的性命。

1. D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ate two whole packages of instant noodles and washed them down with two whole bottles of soda...he also ate some potato chips and other snacks”可知，文章中没有提及牛奶，故选D项。

2. C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Luckily，doctors were able to save the patient by putting a tube in his stomach to relieve the pressure of the excess gas.”可知，医生用导管排出胃里的空气，减轻过多气体造成的压力，从而保住了他的性命。故选C项。

3. D。词义猜测题。根据下文中的“Doctors say his stomach had become a giant，swollen mass and was actually about to burst.”可知，年轻人的胃胀的像巨大的快要爆炸的球体。由此可以推断医生见到这种情形，应该很震惊。surprised虽也表示吃惊之意，但程度较弱，有时还含有“惊喜”之意，故答案为D项。

4. C。逻辑推理题。根据第一段中的“A young man reportedly ate so much ramen and soda in one sitting that doctors say his stomach nearly exploded from gas.”以及第二段中的“that has the potential to be a deadly combination”可以推断，方便面与碳酸饮料结合会产生大量气体。A项和D项夸大了事实，B项与本文陈述事实相反。

5. A。逻辑推理题。根据文章标题和本文内容可知，文章讲述的是一位年轻人吃了过多的方便面和可乐，造成胃里积聚太多的气体，差点爆了胃。因此文章内容属于饮食与健康版块。故答案为A项。

（作者单位：河北省邢台市威县第一中学）