情态动词考点透视

郭克晴

情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立存在，它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话者对某一行为或状态的看法或态度。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。其考查点侧重以下两个方面：

一、情态动词的基本用法

1.can的基本用法

（1）表示具有某种能力，意为“能、会”。

【真题再现】（2015年重庆卷）It's surprising that Mr.Ma's little daughter____speak English so well.

A.must

B.can

C.mustn't

D.can't

【答案简析】句意为：令人吃惊的是，马先生的小女儿英语说得这么好，故选B。

（2）表示许可，意为“可以”。在口语中常代替may。

【真题再现】（2015年孝感卷）-Dick，____I use your e-dictionary？

-Yes，sure.____you give it to David after you use it？

A.will；Would

B.may；Might

C.can；Could

D.shall；Should

【答案简析】由答语可知，第一空是请求对方许可，即“我能用你的电子词典吗？”，故填may或can。第二空由“Yes，sure.”可知，后面是提出请求，即“请你用完后把电子词典给大卫，好吗？”，故填Could。正确答案是C。

（3） can的过去式是could。

【真题再现】（2015年佛山卷）Jenny finally got the job because she____speak English well.

A.might

B.must

C.could

【答案简析】根据“Jenny finally got the job”可知，原因是“她英语说得很好”。表示“过去的能力”用could，故选C。

（4）在口语中，含有could的一般疑问句常用于委婉地向对方提出请求或表达观点，是一种有礼貌的表达方式。这时could不表示过去时态，回答时要用can或can't。

【真题再现】（2015年攀枝花卷）-____I trv on this sweater in the window'？

-____It is just on show.

A.Could；Yes，you can.

B. Can；Sorry，you couldn't.

C. Could；Sorry，you can't.

D.Can；Yes，you could.

【答案简析】“Could I…？”表示请求时，其回答要用can或can't，故先排除B、D两项。再由“It is just on show.”可知第二空是否定回答，故选C。

2.may的基本用法

（1）用来征求对方意见或请求许可，意为“允许、可以”。此外，由于may的口语性比较强，因此答语较灵活，要根据实际情况作答。

【真题再现】（2015年长沙卷）-____I use your dictionary？

-Of course.But please return it to me be-fore you leave.

A.Must

B.Need

C.May

【答案简析】根据“Of course.But please re-turn it to me before vou leave.”可知，问句是请求对方许可，故选C。

（2）表示请求时，若一般疑问句的主语是第一人称，其否定回答用mustn't或can't，不用may not。

【真题再现】（2015年德阳卷）-May I go out to play now，mum？

-No，you____.You must make your bed first.

A.needn't

B.won't

C.can't

D.couldn't

【答案简析】由“You must make your bed first.”可知，妈妈说“不能”出去玩，故选C。

【注意】用于否定句时，may not意为“可能不”，不像cannot/can't（不可能）在语气上那么有把握。试比较：

She may not know the answer.她可能不知道答案。

She can't know the answer.她不可能知道答案。

3.must的基本用法

（1）表示说话人的主观意志，意为“必须、应当”。must无人称、数和时态的变化，其引导的一般疑问句的否定回答通常用needn't或don't have to，意为“不必”。

【真题再现】（2015年南通卷）-Must I dress up as the Monkey King？

-No，you____.You can choose whatever you like.

A.can't

B.mustn't

C.shouldn't

D.needn't

【答案简析】对must开头的一般疑问句作否定回答时，用needn't或don't have to，故选D。

（2） must的否定形式是must not/mustn't，意为“不允许、一定不要”，表示禁止或告诫。

【真题再现】（2015年苏州卷）-You____park herel Look at the sign； it says“No parking”.

-Sorry，I didn't notice that sign just now.

A.won't

B.needn't

C.mustn't

D.couldn't

【答案简析】由“Look at the sign；it says‘No parking，”可知，此处禁止停车，即“你不能在这里停车”，故选C。

（3） have to和must的区别。

have to主要强调因外界的客观因素（如环境、习惯、突发状况等）而要求某人“不得不、只好（做某事）”。它可用于多种时态（一般不用于进行时态），并且有人称和数的变化。must表示说话入主观认为“应该、必须”，没有人称、数和时态的变化。

【真题再现】（2015年菏泽卷）-How do you usually go to school？

-My school is far away.I____take the bus to school.

A.must

B.might

C.have to

【答案简析】“My school is far away.”是“我必须乘车上学”的客观原因，故选C。

4.need的基本用法

need意为“必须”，用作情态动词时，它没有人称、数和时态的变化，一般只用于疑问句或否定句中，其后接动词原形，其否定形式是needn't，疑问句是将need提到句首。

【真题再现】（2015年青岛卷）You____return the book now.You can keep it until next week if you like.

A.have to

B.can't

C.mustn't

D.needn't

【答案简析】由“You can keep it until next week if you like.”可知，你现在“不必”归还这本书，故选D。

【注意】（1）回答need引导的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't。如：

-Need I go there，too？我也需要去那里吗？

-Yes，you must/No，you needn't.是的，你必须去/不，你不必去。

（2）need还可用作及物动词，其后的宾语可以是名词、动词不定式、动名词、代词。它与其他行为动词一样，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定式和疑问式要借助于助动词do或does。如：

We need some help.我们需要帮助。

The flower needs watering.这花需要浇水。

Does she need to come？她需要帮助吗？

You don't need to write to him.你不必给他写信了。

（3） need做及物动词和情态动词时，在一定情况下可以互换。如：

You needn't get up early.=You don't need to get up early.你不必早起。

Need you go so early？=Do you need to go so early？你需要走这么早吗？

5.shall/should的基本用法

（1） shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见；用于第二、第三人称肯定句或否定句，表示说话人给予对方的禁止、命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。

（2） should用来表示建议、责任、义务时，可译为“应该、应当”；也可用于表示惊讶、忧虑、赞叹等不满情绪（用在疑问句中）；还可用于委婉地陈述自己的意见。

【真题再现】（2014年金华卷）We____be more careful，or we will make the same mistake in the experiment.

A.might

B.can

C.may

D.should

【答案简析】由“…or we will make the same mistake in the experiment.”可知我们“应该”更小心一点，故选D。

二、情态动词表示推测的用法

1.must表示推测，只能用于肯定句，意思是“肯定、准是、想必是”，语气比较肯定。如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思时，应用can't。

【真题再现】（2015年广安卷）-Lookl It____be David in the classroom.

-lt____be him.Because I saw him in the library a moment ago.

A.may；mustn't

B.must；can't

C.can；can't

D.mustn't；can

【答案简析】第一句意为：看！教室里的那个人肯定是David。故第一空用must，表示推测。由“Because I saw him in the library a mo-ment ago.”可知教室里的人“不可能“是大卫，所以第二空用can't。故选B。

2.may和might表示推测，意思是“可能、也许”，语气没有must肯定。might不表示过去时态，只是语气上比may更委婉，表示的可能性更小。

【真题再现】（2015年安徽卷）-Do you have any plans for this Sunday？

-I'm not sure.I____go to the countryside to see my grandmother.

A.can

B.must

C.may

D.need

【答案简析】由“I'm not sure.”可知我“或许”去乡下看望我的奶奶，故选C。

【真题再现】（2015年莱芜卷）Life is change-able.No one knows what____happen in the fu-ture.

A.should

B.need

C.have to

D.might

【答案简析】由“Life is changeable.”可知没人知道将来“可能”会发生什么事情，故答案为D。

专项训练：

从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.-Would you like to go swimming with me this aftemoon？

-I'd love to.But I'm afraid I____.I havetoo much work to do.

A.can't

B.mustn't

C.needn't

D.may not

2.You____go and ask Meimei.She know the answer.

A.must；can

B.must；may

C.need；can

D.can；may

3.Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool.It____be very expensive.

A.must

B.can

C.mustn't

D.can't

4.-Mum，may I watch TV now？

-Sure，but you____help me with my housework first.

A.can

B.may

C.must

D.could

5.-It nearly took me an hour to walk here.

-Have a drink，then.You____be thirsty.

A.should

B.can

C.will

D.must

6.-Where is Jack，please？

-He____be in the reading room.

A.can

B.need

C.would

D.must

7.You____worry about me.It' s nothing serious.

A.can't

B.mustn't

C.needn't

D.won't

8.-I can't stop smoking，doctor.

-For your health，I think you________.

A.may

B.need

C.have to

D.can

9.-Could I look at your pictures？

-Yes，of course you____

A.could

B.can

C.will

D.might

10.-lt's nearly 6 p.m.，will you have supper here？

-Sorry，____.I have many things to do.

A.I mustn't

B.I can't

C.I needn't

D.I don't

11.There is someone knocking at the door，who____it be ？

A.can

B.may

C.must

D.need

12.-That must be a mistake.

-No，it____.I've done it many times.

A.may not be

B.needn't be

C.can't be

D.wouldn't be

13.-May I use your bike？

A.Yes，you must

B.No，you mustn't

C.No，you needn't

D.No，you may not

14.This kind of car____run very fast.It's new.

A.can

B.might

C.could

D.has to

15.Peter____come with us tonight，but he isn't very sure yet.____________.

A.must

B.may

C.can

D.will

16.-Could I borrow your pen？

-Yes，you____.

A.could

B.can

C.were able

D.may

17.-____we go now，Mike？

-Sure.Let's go.

A.Will

B.Shall

C.Do

D.Are

18.-I'm sorry I didn't win the race.

-Bad luck！Well，you____win every time.

A.can't

B.must

C.should

D.mustn't

19.-Do you have to leave now？

-Sorry，but I really____.

A.can't

B.must

C.have

D.should

20.Let's move the bags away，or therean accident.

A.maybe

B.may have

C.may be

D.will have

21.A computer____think for itself.It must be told what to do.

A.may not

B.can't

C.mustn't

D.couldn't

22.-Listen！Helen is singing in the room.

-It____be Helen.She has gone to Beijing.

A.can't

B.mustn't

C.may

D.should

23.-Must they clean the classroom now？

-No，they____

A.can't

B.needn't

C.don't

D.mustn't

24.The computer doesn't work.I'm afraid you____use it today.

A.may

B.can't

C.needn't

D.must

25.-I was told to be here before eight.

-Oh，you____I'm sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan.

A.must

B.can't

C.may

D.needn't

26.-Shall I bring you the book？

-No，you____.I have read it already.

A.wouldn't

B.shouldn't

C.mustn't

D.needn't

27.-Will you go shopping together with us this Sunday，Jenny？

-Yes，____

A.I do

B.I'd like to

C.I'd love to do

D.I'm busy

28.-May I take this book out of the reading room？

-____.Please read it here.

A.Certainly

B.No，you needn't

C.No，you mustn't

D.Yes，you may

29.-May I go to play football now，Mum？

-OK.But you____be back before 5 o'clock.

A.can

B.must

C.may

D.need

30.-Can you go swimming with us this afternoon？

-Sorry，I can't.I____take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.

A.can

B.may

C.would

D.have to

31.____David____anything to drink？

A.Need；/

B.Needs；/

C.Does；need

D.Do；need

32.-Who is the man over there？Is it Mr.Li？

-No，it____be him.Mr.Li is much taller.

A.mustn't

B.may not

C.can't

D.needn't

33.Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem.So it____be very diffi-cult.

A.may

B.must

C.can

D.need

34.You'd better go and ask Mr.Yang.He____know how to search the Internet.

A.can

B.would

C.may

D.could

35.The boy said he had to speak English in class，but he____speak it after class.

A.could

B.didn't have to

C.might

D.shouldn't

Key：

1-5 ADACD

6-10 DCCBB

11-15 ACBAB

16-20 BBABC

21-25 BABBD

26-30 DBCBD

31-35 CCBCB