□鞠洪玲
形容词与副词最高级“四原则”
□鞠洪玲
原则一:构成方法
大多数的形容词或副词的比较级都有三个级别:原级、比较级和最高级。在本篇文章里我们只看形容词、副词的最高级的构成规则:
1.一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;
(1)单音节词。如:
small→smallestshort→shortesthard→hardest
tall→tallestgreat→greatestfast→fastest
(2)双音节词。如:
clever→cleverestnarrow→narrowest
2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st。如:
2.—_________you_________(buy)a pen yet?
—Yes,I have.
—Where_________you_________(buy)the pen?
—I_________(buy)it in the shop near my house.
3.I_________(finish)my work two hours ago.
4.Uncle Liu_________(work)in this factory for five years.
5.We_________never_________(hear)of that thing.
参考答案:
1.Have,borrowed;borrowed 2.Have,bought;did,buy;bought 3. finished 4.has worked 5.have,heard
large→largestnice→nicest
3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。如:
big→biggesthot→hottestfat→fattest
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。如:
easy→easiestheavy→heaviest
busy→busiesthappily→happiest
5.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most;如:
beautiful→most beautifuldifferent→most different
easily→most easily
6.有部分形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。如:
good/well→better→bestbad/ill→worse→worst
many/much→more→mostold→older/elder→oldest/eldest
far→further/farther→furthest/farthest
原则二:使用方法
1.三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用形容词最高级形式。形容词最高级前通常需加定冠词the,副词则不加定冠词the。句末常接in/of短语来表示范围。如:
He is the strongest of all the boys.他是所有男孩中最强壮的。
Jim works hardest in our class.吉姆是我们班级中最刻苦的。
2.表示“最……之一”时,用“one of+the+最高级”。如:
The light bulb is one of the most help ful inventions.灯泡是最有用的发明之一。
原则三:修饰词语
最高级前可以用一些词或词组来修饰,这些词有:by far,far,much,mostly,almost等。
This hat is nearly/almost the biggest.那顶帽子几乎是最大的。
原则四:注意事项
1.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用。如:The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.沙哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
He runs fastest.他跑得最快。
2.形容词最高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,此时不用定冠词the。如:
Yesterday is her happiest day in her life.昨天是她一生中最快乐的一天。
My oldest daughter is 16 years old.我最大的女儿16岁。
3)手机端APP则是与这些网络教学系统相对应的手机端操作系统,如雨课堂基于手机端微信平台开展教学活动,师星学堂基于手机端学习通开展教学活动,EZStudy教学反馈系统同样有自己的手机端应用APP。
3.形容词最高级前若有不定冠词a/an时不表示比较,而表示“非常”的意思。如:
Spring is a best season.春天是一个非常好的季节。
It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.这是一个非常重要的问题。
4.序数词通常只修饰最高级,不修饰比较级。如:
A frica is the second largest continent.非洲是世界第二大陆。
5.形容词最高级前可用序数词限定,共同修饰后面的名词,其结构为:“the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词”。如:
Hainan is the second largest island in China.海南是中国的第二大岛。
6.形容词最高级的意义还可以用比较级形式表达。常见的有:
(1)形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词。如:
(2)形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词。如:
Asia is bigger than the other continents on the earth.亚洲是地球上最大的洲。
7.形容词最高级在句中作表语而比较范围又不明确时,最高级前不用the。如:
They are happiest on Saturdays.他们在星期六最快乐。
8.如果两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词最高级前不加the。如:
He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class.他是班上年龄最小、个子最高的男孩。
9.如果形容词最高级用来加强语气,作“十分;非常”之意时,前面不加the。
10.在一些固定用法中,最高级前通常省略the。如:
W ith best wishes for you.向你致以最美好的祝愿。
【牛刀小试】
Ⅰ.用所给形容词或副词的适当形式填空。
1.The window is_________(bright)of the three.
2.W here is the_________(near)bus-stop?
3.He is one of_________(famous)writers ion China.
4.W ho is_________(heavy),Lucy Lily or Mary?
5.This is_________(interesting)book I have ever read.
Ⅱ.单项选择
1.The movie Lost in Thailand is_________one that I’ve ever seen these
years.
A.funny B.the funniest C.funnier(2015自贡)
2.My time in the m iddle school was one of_________periods of my life.
A.exciting B.more exciting
C.the more exciting D.the most exciting(2015杭州)
3.Emma looked after her pet dog_________of all her friends.
A.careful B.most careful
C.more carefully D.the most carefully(2015广州)
4.—W ho does homework_________,Tom,Jack or Bill?
—Bill.
A.more carefully B.more careful
C.most carefully D.most careful(2015广安)
5.He likes Sunday_________in a week because it is his happiest time to
p lay football.
A.better B.well C.best(2015株洲)
参考答案:Ⅰ.1.the brightest 2.the nearest 3.the most famous
4.the heaviest 5.the most interesting
Ⅱ.1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.C