周夕敏
高考英语试题词汇量的加大,对学生的阅读能力有了更高的要求。在英语教学中,应该更重视对学生阅读能力的培养。如何在教学中指导学生学习和掌握阅读技巧,帮助他们扫除阅读过程中的障碍呢?当然,有效提高阅读能力的策略有很多种,下面笔者重点介绍两种方法。在英语教学实践中,这两种方法可以使学生的阅读更具准确性,是行之有效的阅读策略。
只有正确理解阅读题出题人的出题目的,才能准确地找到问题的答案。实际上,阅读过程是读者根据自己的需要和作者进行交流的过程。学生在阅读时需要不断地进行猜测、取舍,随着阅读的深入,学生需要利用上下文线索、逻辑推理、文化背景等对文章进行判断,找到正确的答案。下面我们通过实例来分析两种有效的做题方法。
第一,我们要了解文章的体裁,掌握各种体裁文章的写作手法,以便在阅读时对文章有整体的把握。一般情况下,英语文章的主题句经常出现在首段或尾段,段落的主题句经常出现在文章的段首或段尾,有时也会出现在段落中间。首段或尾段一般会是总结性或概括性的陈述,经常会得出某种结论或提出某项建议。掌握了这个规律,我们在解题时就可以很容易地找到问题的答案。
例1:Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle,twinkle,little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
Q:Whats the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A.People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B.Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D.Stories for children are easy to remember.
解析:根据本段的第一句话可知:文章讲的是成年人经常惊叹他们能够很好地记住儿时学过的东西。C、D两项都是以偏概全,断章取义。答案A
我们在阅读过程中可能会发现文章中提到几点,在一个备选项中却只出现其中一种或两种情况,这种干扰项通常是以偏概全、以部分代替整体。教师要引导学生抓住文章中的高频词汇或关键词,分析每一段落都围绕什么进行写作,对全文内容及作者意图、态度、立场、观点、主旨等全面理解,从而掌握篇章的主题思想。
第二,在阅读过程中,我们经常遇到猜词现象。学生在做题过程中对阅读理解题的推理判断题常会犯这样的错误,就是善于使用个人的观点进行判断,而不是根据作者的真正意图。猜词题的设置主要测试考生对文中的关键词、短语或句子在特定语境下所表达的含义或其他使用目的的理解能力。
例2:CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite,the doctor doesnt overreact,which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when Im in the operating room,I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes theyre not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them,someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”.
Q:In the last paragraph “landing gear up” probably means ?摇?摇 ?摇?摇.
A.following flying requirements B.overreacting to different opinions
C.listening to what fellow doctors say D.making a mistake that may cost lives:
解析:根据文章最后三句话可知,“landing gear up”借指所犯的可能会以生命为代价的错误。答案D。
猜测并不是无边际地对文章进行自己的臆测,而是要求学生能够调动自己的所学知识,根据上下文进行猜测。解答这类题必须结合上下文提供的各种线索,找出句与句之间的内在关系。
在阅读过程中,教会学生积累正确有效的做题方法,是提高阅读有效性的关键。首先对文章的体裁有个明确的了解,根据不同体裁的写作规律,找到正确的阅读方法。培养学生正确的猜词方法,养成良好的阅读习惯,对阅读理解的提高会起到事半功倍的作用。