血清胱抑素C早期诊断糖尿病肾病的价值

2016-03-01 14:36依力夏提·依麻木再努拉·阿不都艾尼
右江医学 2015年6期
关键词:阳性率肾病胆固醇

依力夏提·依麻木+再努拉·阿不都艾尼

【摘要】目的探讨血清胱抑素C(CysC)在糖尿病肾病(DN)患者中的变化和临床应用价值。方法选取符合Mogensen原则中Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的75例DN患者作为研究对象(观察组),根据24 h尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)及尿蛋白由高到低分为A、B、C三组各25例,另选择门诊健康体检者28例作为对照组,测定所有入选对象的血清CysC、肌酐(Cre)、尿素氮(BUN)、空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)和糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)等指标。结果观察组的FBG、HbAlc、CysC、Cre和BUN水平显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05或0.01),HDLC水平显著低于健康对照组(P<0.01)。观察组的TC、TG和LDLC与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组(A+B+C组)中三项指标检测阳性率分别为76.0%(57/75)、65.3%(49/75)和62.7%(47/75),差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.4314,v=2,P=0.1798)。C组三项指标的检测阳性率分别为36%、12%和8%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.5527,v=2,P=0.0229),进一步两两比较发现, C组CysC检测的阳性率高于Cre和BUN的阳性率(均P<0.05)。观察组患者24 h UAER水平与CysC、Cre和BUN之间均存在正相关关系(r分别为0.95、0.86和0.68,均P<0.01)。结论 血清CysC是反映肾小球损伤的重要标志物,其能够更早、更准确、更敏感地监测肾脏的损伤情况,对DN的发生、发展及预后有一定的参考价值。

【关键词】 糖尿病肾病;血清CysC;24 h UAER;尿蛋白

中图分类号:R587.2文献标识码:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.10031383.2015.06.010

Value of serum cystatin C in early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy

Yilixiatir ?偊b Yimamu1,Zainula ?偊b Abuduaini2

(1.Nephropathy Department,People s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830001;

2. Internal 4th Medical Department of Midong Hospital Affiliated to Peoples Hospital of Xinjiang

Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical significance and level changes of serum cystatin C(CysC) on patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods75 DN patients with stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ according to Mogensen principle were selected as study objects(observation group),and they were divided into group A,group B,and group C according to 24 h urinary albumin exeretion rate(UAER) and urinary protein high to low.Meanwhile,28 healthy people who received physical examination in clinic at the same time were selected as control group.Then,indexes of all study objects like serum CysC,creatinine(Cre),urea nitrogen(BUN),fasting blood glucose(FBG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC),highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC) and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc) etc.were tested.Results Levels of FBG,HbAlc,serum CysC,Cre and BUN of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05 or 0.01),but HDLC level was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).Difference of TC,TG and LDLC of the observation group and the control group was not statistically significant(P>0.05).And positive rate of TC,TG and LDLC of the observation group(group A+group B+group C) was 76.0% (57/75),65.3%(49/75) and 627%(47/75),respectively,difference was not statistically significant(χ2=3.4314,v=2,P=0.1798).Positive rate of TC,TG and LDLC of the group C was 36%,12% and 8%,respectively,difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.5527,v=2,P=0.0229).Further comparison showed that positive rate of CysC was higher than that of the Cre and BUN in the group C (all P<0.05).Level of 24 h UAER was positively correlated with CysC,Cre and BUN(r was 0.95,0.86 and 0.68 respectively,all P<0.01).ConclusionSerum CysC is an important marker of reflecting glomerular damage.It can monitor the renal damage earlier,more accurate and more sensitive,which has certain reference value on genesis,development and prognosis of DN.endprint

【Key words】DN;serum CysC;24 h UAER;proteinuria

糖尿病肾病(DN)是糖尿病引起的危害性最大的一种慢性并发症,具有患病率高、知晓率低、合并心脑血管疾病概率大、晚期肾脏替代治疗的疗效低等特点[1]。其中超过50%的病人最终死于终末期肾病[2]。以往DN患者主要依靠肾功能指标(尿素氮和肌酐)进行诊断,目前学者们多推荐胱抑素C(CysC)作为评定早期DN损伤情况的有效指标[3]。本研究分别测定并比较不同程度DN、健康体检人员的CysC,旨在探讨CysC作为DN患者早期肾损伤的诊断价值。

1对象与方法1.1研究对象选择门诊及住院治疗的DN患者,均符合1999年WHO关于糖尿病的诊断和分型标准。选取符合Mogensen原则中Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的75例DN患者作为研究对象(观察组),根据24 h尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)及蛋白尿(proteinuria)水平,将观察组患者分为如下三个亚组: A组(UAER≥300 mg/24 h,且proteinuria>3.0 g/24 h)25例,B组(UAER≥300 mg/24 h,但0.5 g/24 hUAER>30 mg/24 h,proteinuria<0.5 g/24 h)25例。选择门诊健康体检者28例作为对照组。

1.2主要仪器和试剂全自动生化分析仪7600(日本东芝);全自动糖化血红蛋白检测仪 G8(日本东曹);CysC检测试剂盒(北京万泰德瑞诊断技术有限公司);24 h UAER检测试剂盒(Orion Diagnostica Oy)。空腹血糖(FBG)、肌酐(Cre)、尿素氮(BUN)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)试剂盒(上海科华生物工程股份有限公司)。

1.3标本采集及测定所有受检者空腹采血3 ml,3500 r/min离心5 min后,取上层血清置于-80℃冰冻保存待测。24小时尿液留取,所有尿液混合均匀后记录总体积,并取5 ml检测24 h UAER及尿蛋白(免疫比浊法)。严格按试剂盒说明书操作,检测上述相关生化指标。

1.4统计学方法应用SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行统计学分析,正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差(±s)表示,组间比较采用两独立样本均数t检验,各个指标的相关性采用直线相关分析, P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2结果2.1观察组与对照组各项观察指标的比较观察组的FBG、HbAlc、CysC、Cre和BUN水平显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05或0.01),HDLC水平显著低于健康对照组(P<0.01)。观察组的TC、TG和LDLC与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。

表1两组各项指标的比较(±s)

组别nFBG(mmol/L)HbAlc(%)CysC(mg/L)Cre(μmol/L)BUN(mmol/L)对照组285.02±0.385.21±0.500.85±0.1666.24±16.154.97±1.09观察组759.11±3.378.41±2. 622.21±1.58196.12±214.0711.97±9.67t-6.38746.40064.53223.19723.8098P-0.00000.00000.00000.00190.0002

(续表1)组别nTC(mmol/L)TG(mmol/L)LDLC(mmol/L)HDLC(mmol/L)对照组284.25±0.780.97±0.312.34±0.581.30±0.16观察组754.64±1.411.26±1.112.57±0.921.10±0.17t-1.38391.35901.23255.3952P-0.16940.17720.22060.0000

2.2CysC、Cre和BUN在DN中的检出率观察组(A+B+C组)中三项指标检测阳性率分别为760%(57/75)、65.3%(49/75)和62.7%(47/75),差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.4314,v=2,P=0.1798)。其中C组三项指标的检测阳性率分别为36%、12%和8%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=75527,v=2,P=0.0229),进一步两两比较发现, C组CysC检测的阳性率高于Cre和BUN的阳性率(均P<0.05),提示CysC的检测敏感性最高。

2.3CysC、BUN和Cre与24 h UAER的相关性分析观察组患者24 h UAER水平与CysC、Cre和BUN之间均存在正相关关系(r分别为0.95、0.86和068,均P<0.01)。

3讨论DN是糖尿病最常见的微血管并发症之一,以肾小球硬化为主要表现,且无论是1型还是2型糖尿病病人,出现肾脏损害的概率均为30%~40%,目前认为糖尿病患者的肾功能下降与遗传因素、糖脂代谢异常、血流动力学改变、炎症因子、氧化应激等均有关[4,5],但尚未查明其确切的发病机制。CysC可作为评定糖尿病并发肾脏损伤的灵敏度较高的指标之一[6,7]。CysC最主要的优点在于变异比Cre小很多[8],利于其较早地发现肾脏损伤情况[9]。本研究结果显示:CysC可提示潜在的肾损伤情况,对糖尿病轻度肾损伤的病人检测阳性率亦较高(36%),且其与24 UAER呈正相关(r=0.95,P<001)。可见其在DN早期诊断及分期中具有重要意义。

总之,通过监测血清中CysC的浓度变化,可早期发现糖尿病患者的肾功能损伤情况,且其浓度随病情的逐渐严重而升高,故推荐将其列为DN病情评估的指标之一。但是由于DN病情复杂多变,CysC单一指标诊断还不能完全替代BUN、Cre、尿微量白蛋白(MA)等指标,现多提倡CysC联合MA、Cre、HbAlc、Hcy等指标中的一个或几个对DN进行早期诊断及分期[10]。参考文献[1] Togashi Y,Miyamoto Y.Urinary cystatin C as a biomarker for diabetic nephropathy and itsimmunohistochemical localization in kidney in Zucker diabetic fatty(ZDF)rats[J].Exp Toxicol Pathol,2013,65(5):615622.

[2] Huang SH,Filler G,Lindsay RM.Residual renal function calculated from serum cystatin C measurements and knowledge of the weekly standard Kt/V urea[J].Perit Dial Int,2012,32(1):102104.

[3] Chae HW,Shin JI,Kwon AR,et al.Spot urine albumin to creatinine ratio and serum cystatin C are effective for detection of diabetic nephropathy in childhood diabetic patients[J].J Korean Med Sci,2012,27(7):784787.

[4] HryncewiczGwozdz A,Jagielski T,Dobrowolska A,et al.Identification and differentiation of Trichophyton rubrum clinical isolates using PCRRFLP and RAPD methods[J].Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis,2011,30(6):727-731.

[5] Schiffl H,Lang SM.Update on biomarkers of acute kidney injury:moving closer to clinical impact?[J].Mol Diagn Ther,2012,16(4):199207.

[6] 李文平,赵群,赵海燕,等.血清Cys C、RBP、Hcy和hsCRP联合检测在糖尿病肾病诊断中的应用[J].中国现代医生,2014,52(23):4345.

[7] 胡仁明.糖尿病肾病诊断治疗专家共识解读[J].中华医学信息导报,2014,29(2):18.

[8] Shlipak MG,Mattes MD,Peralta CA.Update on cystatin C:incorporation into clinical practice[J].Am J Kidney Dis,2013,62(3):595603.

[9] Wang T,Wang Q,Wang Z,et al.Diagnostic value of the combined measurement of serum hcy,serum cys C, and urinary microalbumin in type 2 diabetes mellitus with early complicating diabetic nephropathy[J].ISRN Endocrinol,2013,2013:407452.

[10] 杨雀飞,吴红梅,邓波,等.胱抑素C在早期肾功能损害的诊断价值[J].现代诊断与治疗,2013,24(8):17231724.

(收稿日期:2015-09-30修回日期:2015-12-29)

(编辑:梁明佩)

±s)-±s)(χ2=4.5045,P=00338)±s[4] Jagielski T,Dobrowolska A,et al.Identification and differentiation of Trichophyton rubrum clinical isolates using PCRRFLP and RAPD methods[J].Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis,2011,30(6):727731.endprint

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