茶园竹亭，松阳，浙江，中国

建筑设计：徐甜甜/DnA建筑事务所

茶园竹亭，松阳，浙江，中国

建筑设计：徐甜甜/DnA建筑事务所

浙江省西南部的松阳县是中国传统村落保护发展示范县，人称“惟此桃花源，四塞无他虞”。大木山茶园位处县城附近，是主要产茶农作区和重要旅游景点，附近有为数不少的村落，也是到达松阳古村落旅游的途经之处。茶园平时主要是当地茶农劳作，兼有部分游客；每年的采茶季节，尤其清明前，有大量受雇的外地茶工，一家三代偕老带幼。附近村庄的老人也经常带着孩子和狗来茶园散步。大木山茶园目前缺乏劳作休憩场所和村民们玩耍游戏的空间。

竹亭设计需要满足各种人群的功能需求，也体现松阳古村落文化，并充分结合茶园自然生态环境。整体采用一系列单体亭子和平台，如同当地村落顺地势排列，贴近茶田并自然围合出小庭院。形态参照茶农自建休息亭，兼顾休憩与活动，尺度设定于介于小广场和传统单体亭子两种之间的尺度，选择了6.6m和5.1m两种适宜活动以及容纳较多人数的空间跨度。坡屋顶有30°、45°、60°3种形式，随着茶田高差自然起落，与远处山脉产生对话，如同漂浮的村落。

1 外景/Exiterior views

松阳盛产的竹子作为建构材料，可以减少对茶园生态环境的影响，用料环保，结构轻盈简洁，震害轻，施工速度快。结构体系采用直径100～120mm的毛竹。四角脊线竹龙骨加上顶部口字形结构单元形成的基本屋面结构，辅以四坡面顺坡面次竹龙骨形成大大小小稳定的三角形单元，共同组成一个稳定大跨越空间屋面体系；墙身系统由竖向布置的柱龙骨组成，其布置四角到中间由密至疏的渐变既反映了受力变化趋势，也节约用材。屋面格栅采用直径40～50mm的雷竹，尺度与作为结构的毛竹区分开来，呼应茶田的水平线条。抬高的活动平台，铺设宽度50mm的竹片，以茶树高度为界面的上下错落，创造或收或放的活动区域。每个立柱顶部第一个竹节的底端都开有一对孔洞，排除雨水同时可以捕捉到茶园里不同方向的风声，也是参与茶园生态环境的一种互动。

4个竹亭和2个平台围合出3个大小不一的庭院，地面使用当地溪涧里的鹅卵石，点缀小叶植物凤尾竹和南天竹。建筑所用材料均为当地材料，取材方便，施工周期8周，造价15万。这是茶园第一个建成的竹亭，也是设计方、施工人员、当地工匠以及业主共同协商讨论的成果，并形成一种可推广的模式：在茶园里已经选好2、3个新点位，根据地势景观重新排列组合建设，增加茶园的公共活动区域。

2 外景/Exiterior views

Songyang County in southwest Zhejiang Province is well-known for its scenic landscape and over one hundred ancient villages. There are a considerable number of villages nearby Damushan green tea field, the major tourist attraction in Songyang. A series of public space and facilities are needed in Damushan to provide leisure and rest space for local villagers, tea farmers as well as tourists.

Bamboo pavilion is composed of a series of pavilions and platforms not only to meet different functional purpose, but also to respect local village context and the ecological environment of the tea fields. Two different square sizes are chosen for the pavilions’ footprint, 6.6m and 5.1m per side, to accommodate multiple forms of activities. The pitched roofs, angled at 30°, 45° and 60°, respond to the long stretches of the mountain ranges in the distance as a floating village.

Locally bamboo is used as construction material to create a light structure and is easy for construction. An integrated structure of roof system and wall system is made up of local bamboo with diameters 100mm-120mm. The bamboo beams form a structural triangle system at the four corners of each square unit that then become a larger system stable enough to support the roof across each 5.1m and 6.6m platform. At the top, the four sloping roof panels come together to form a skylight. The arrangement of the bamboo columns are determined by the structural stress and tension of the pavilion, with a gradient of density. The pattern is cohesive with the roof system, elongating the vertical lines of the pavilion. The roof grid system is composed of Lei Bamboo with 40-50mm diameter, different from the structural bamboo to respond to the horizontal lines of the tea fields. The raised platforms with bamboo floors, set above or below the tea tree tops, create open or enclosed public spaces among the tea fields. A pair of holes are drilled at the top portion of each bamboo column to drain excessive rain water and to blow as bamboo whistles when capturing the wind.

Three courtyards are formed by four bamboo pavilions and two platforms. The ground is paved with pebbles from the local streams. Fine-leaf vegetation is planted including Bambusa multiplex "Fernleaf" and Nandina domestica. The construction period of this bamboo pavilion is 8 weeks with a total cost of 150 000 RMB. It could become a prototype to be introduced into the entire Damushan Tea Fields to create new public space and facilities.

3 屋面格栅/Roof grille

4 屋面格栅/Roof grille

5 外景/Exiterior view

评论

刘晓都：一个建筑师从大城市跨过大半个中国去做一个小型的乡村建造，没有足够的理由是不行的。一个纯粹和自由的建造环境可以是一个充足的理由。由徐甜甜这样有灵气的设计师，在青山绿茶中轻吟一首轻盈却质朴的建筑田园诗是恰如其分的。建筑与乡村的现实是若即若离的，功能是似有似无的，形象也是既似曾相识又全然陌生的。这个轻微的建筑所应承载的意义到此足矣。尽管我更倾向乡村建筑应当更多地着眼于改善乡村生存环境，进而推动乡村社会文化结构的重建。但我们没有必要强求每个建筑师都这样去实践。探讨建筑学层面的问题同样意义重大。

董卫：唐代陆羽说“茶者，南方之嘉木也”，既然是嘉木，就应当具有一定的文化价值。所以，中国的茶叶及茶道从一开始就被赋予了一定的人文色彩，与古代文人的生活乃至宗教发展都有密切的关系。如韦应物就有赞美茶叶的诗：“性洁不可污，为饮涤尘烦。此物性灵味，得与幽人言。”据此，所谓“仙风道骨”也一定是长期饮茶的结果。

茶叶种植原本是一项十分辛苦的技术性农活，需要大量繁复、细致的劳作，且茶农们的生活与文人们的“茶文化”其实并无瓜葛。只是当社会发展进入到了如今这样一个关注文化的时代，这种日复一日的生产活动才有可能成为一种文化景观。而浙江松阳茶园竹亭正是这样一种基于劳动及其产品的景观建筑。

这组看起来甚是简朴的竹亭，的确蕴含着细致入微的人文情怀。它位于松阳山坡上的一座茶园之中，以地产竹材建构而成，亭子在平日是为茶农们的“茶园之家”，使他们在田间小憩之余能够心情放松、缓解高强度劳动造成的心身疲惫；在旅游季节则作为一种有意义的文化地标，有效提高了环境的可识别性，亦使访客们可以从容、方便地欣赏茶园景色。

Comments

LIU Xiaodu: There must be a big reason for an architect who lives in a big city to go across the country to design a tiny structure like this bamboo pavilion. A pure and free building environment could be a sufficient enough reason. It is also very appropriate for a good sensed architect like XU Tiantian to deliver an idyllic design in a remote mountainous tea plantation, with a light, earthy and simple style. The pavilion has unique characteristics of both in and out of its rural context, ambiguously defined functions, and a seemingly familiar though strange image. It is way enough to carry these meanings for this small building. Although I normally intend to appreciate more the rural architecture that improve local living condition as to promote the reconstruction of the rural society, it is also meaningful to discuss pure architectural subject such as in this project.

DONG Wei: LU Yu, a famous scholar in Tang Dynasty specialized in tea study, once commented tea as "the good wood in Southern China." As good wood, tea is deemed with a certain cultural value. At the very beginning, tea and tea ceremony in China were endowed with humanistic characteristic, connecting tea closely with the life and even religious belief of intellectuals in ancient China. For example, WEI Yingwu wrote a poem about tea: "It is too pure to be polluted, a drink of it would clean your mind. To truly learn its soul and taste, you need to be relaxed and quiet." It is believed that people who drink tea regularly for a long time would behave outstandingly like one of those immortals.

Tea planting is a hard and skill-demanding agricultural work that requires a large amount of complicated and meticulous laboring. This work actually has nothing to do with the "tea culture". However, as we step into an era when culture is highlighted, this repeated daily labor becomes a type of cultural landscape. The Bamboo Pavilion in Songyang tea plantation in Zhejiang Province can be regarded as an example of construction based on labor and its products.

These bamboo pavilions that seem plain in appearance indeed exhibit delicate humanistic feelings in design. Located in a tea plantation along the hillside in Songyang, the pavilions are made of local bamboos.They are used as rest place for tea farmers to relax and to take a break from the intensive laboring. During tourism season, they become significant cultural landmarks that not only promote the local identity, but also allow visitors to appreciate the landscape in a more relaxed and convenient way.

6 剖面/Section

7 结构系统/Structural elements

项目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑师/Principal Architect：徐甜甜/XU Tiantian

设计单位：DnA建筑事务所/DnA Design and Architecture

客户/Client：松阳县旅游发展有限公司/Songyang Tourism Development Co., Ltd.

施工单位/Construction Team：许超然，竹木建筑工程公司/XU Chaoran, Bamboo Wood Construction

项目团队/Project Team：张龙潇，黎林欣，胡蓦怀/ ZHANG Longxiao, LI Linxin, HU Mohuai

设计时间/Design Period：2014.09

建筑材料/Materials：毛竹，雷竹/Mao bamboo, Lei bamboo

摄影/Photos：周若谷/ZHOU Ruogu, Savoye photographer

Bamboo Tea Pavilion, Songyang, Zhejiang, China, 2014

Architects：XU Tiantian/DnA Design and Architecture