潘红飞,夏铁成
(上海大学理学院,上海 200444)
混合AKNS-CLL方程的N-孤子解
潘红飞,夏铁成
(上海大学理学院,上海 200444)
由Hirota方法推导出混合AKNS-CLL方程的双线性导数方程和N-孤子解,并比较混合AKNS-CLL方程、AKNS方程和CLL方程的单孤子解|q|和|r|的图像,可以发现混合AKNS-CLL方程的特征形状不同于经典AKNS和CLL方程解.最后,通过约化,得到混合非线性Schr¨odinger方程的N-孤子解.
混合AKNS-CLL方程;混合非线性Schr¨odinger方程;N-孤子解;Hirota方法
非线性Schr¨odinger方程是非线性波理论研究所关注的一个问题.这一类方程的物理背景来源于非线性光学、非线性水波和等离子物理学等[1-4].许多Schr¨odinger方程的精确解可以通过Hirota双线性法、反散射变换法、Jacobi椭圆法、tanh函数法等方法获得[5-8],Schr¨odinger方程的多分量和超可积情形也是当前研究的热点[9-11].
本工作考虑如下混合AKNS-CLL方程:
式中,q=q(x,t),r=r(x,t)是关于x和t的复函数,a,b∈C.当a=1,b=0和a=0,b=1时,方程(1)分别对应于二阶等谱AKNS方程[12-13]和带导数的非线性Schr¨odinger方程[14-15].当r=q∗时,令t为-it,x为ix,则方程(1)约化为混合非线性Schr¨odinger方程(combined nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation,CNSE),即
令
并利用恒等式
则方程(1)转化为双线性导数方程:
式中,D是Hirota双线性算子,定义为
为求出混合AKNS-CLL方程(1)的N-孤子解,将f,g,s,h按参数ε展成级数,则有
将式(6)代入方程(5),并比较ε的同次幂系数,可得
由式(7)和(8)可知,g(1)和h(1)有如下线性指数函数形式的解:
由式(3),可推得当ε=1时方程(1)的单孤子解为
特别地,当(a,b)=(1,0)时,式(12)为二阶等谱AKNS方程的单孤子解[13];当(a,b)=(0,1)时,式(15)为带导数的非线性Schr¨odinger方程的单孤子解[16].作为对比,本工作给出由式(12)决定的|q|和|r|在4种情形时的图像(见图1).通过选择不同的参数k1,l1,可以发现混合AKNS-CLL方程有类似于尖孤子解(peakon soliton)的性态(见图1(d)),这种现象是单一AKNS方程或CLL方程所不具有的一类特性.AKNS-CLL方程与AKNS方程、CLL方程存在本质的区别.
图1 方程(1)的单孤子解Fig.1 One soliton solutions of Eq.(1)
将式(13)代入式(9)和(10),可得
将式(13)和(14)代入式(7)和(8)的第二式,有
将式(13)~(15)代入式(9)和(10)的第二式,又可得到
根据式(7)~(10),可取
所以,有
因此,令ε=1,即可求得方程(1)的双孤子解(见式(3)).特别地,当(a,b)=(1,0)时,可引出二阶等谱AKNS方程的双孤子解[13];当(a,b)=(0,1)时,可求得带导数非线性Schr¨odinger方程的双孤子解[16].
一般地,方程(1)的关于f,g,h和s的N-孤子解(N=1,2,···)为
式中,
A1(µ),A2(µ)表示当µj(j=1,2,···,2N)取所有可能的0或1时,还需分别满足
作为应用,考虑混合非线性Schr¨odinger方程(式(2)),并通过方程(1)的约化给出双线性导数方程和N-孤子解.取s=f∗,h=g∗,并令t为-it,x为ix,则方程(4)约化为式(2)的双线性导数方程,即
式中,
致谢感谢上海大学数学系陈登远教授的有益指导.
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N-soliton solutions of combined AKNS-CLL equation
PAN Hong-fei,XIA Tie-cheng
(College of Sciences,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)
The bilinear form and N-soliton solutions are derived for a combined AKNSCLL equation using the Hirota approach.These solutions are novel in general.The one-soliton solutions of the combined AKNS-CLL equation,AKNS equation and CLL equation were drawn.Also,the combined AKNS-CLL equation is given a different characteristic from the classical AKNS and CLL equations.The bilinear form and N-soliton solutions of combined nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation are obtained by reduction.
combined AKNS-CLL equation;combined nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation;N-soliton solutions;Hirota approach
O 175.2
A
1007-2861(2015)06-0709-08
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2014.04.002
2014-06-23
国家自然科学基金资助项目(11271008)
夏铁成(1960—),男,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为孤子与可积系统.E-mail:xiatc@shu.edu.cn