段秀梅,李烁烯,明智慧,张丛笑,刘文书
(1.吉林大学第一医院临床病理诊断中心,吉林 长春 130021;2. 吉林大学第一医院口腔科,吉林 长春 130021)
舌鳞状细胞癌组织中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白的表达及其临床意义
段秀梅1,李烁烯2,明智慧2,张丛笑2,刘文书2
(1.吉林大学第一医院临床病理诊断中心,吉林 长春 130021;2. 吉林大学第一医院口腔科,吉林 长春 130021)
目的:检测舌鳞状细胞癌(舌癌)组织中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白的表达,分析其与患者临床病理特征的关系,探讨其在舌癌的发生发展及预后中的作用。 方法:采用免疫组织化学法检测45例舌癌组织、30例癌旁组织和10例正常舌黏膜组织中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白的表达情况;比较不同类型舌组织中各蛋白表达阳性率的差异;分析Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白表达与舌癌临床病理学参数的关系。 结果:在舌癌组织中,Cks1和Skp2蛋白呈强表达,阳性表达率为73.3%和62.2%,在癌旁组织和正常舌黏膜组织中其阳性表达率依次降低,阳性表达率分别为23.3%、10.0%和36.7%、10.0%;在舌癌组织中,p27kip1蛋白表达明显减少或缺失,阳性表达率为24.4%,在癌旁组织中和正常舌黏膜组织中其阳性表达水平依次升高,阳性表达率分别为30.0%和70.0%;在舌癌组织中Cks1和Skp2蛋白阳性表达率高于正常舌黏膜组织和癌旁组织(P<0.05),而p27kip1蛋白阳性表达率低于正常舌黏膜组织和癌旁组织(P<0.05)。舌癌组织中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白阳性表达率与舌癌患者的年龄和性别无关联(P>0.05);与癌组织淋巴结转移、TNM分期、分化程度和临床分期有关联(P<0.05)。 结论:舌癌组织中Cks1和Skp2蛋白阳性表达率升高、p27kip1蛋白阳性表达率降低, Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白阳性表达率的检测有助于判断舌癌的恶性程度和预后。
周期素依赖性蛋白激酶亚单位1;S期激酶相关蛋白2;p27kip1蛋白;舌鳞状细胞肿瘤
周期素依赖性蛋白激酶亚单位1(cyclin dependent kinase subunit 1,Cksl)作为一种辅助因子,协助S期激酶相关蛋白2(S-phase kinase associated protein 2,Skp2),通过对细胞周期中多种靶蛋白的泛素化降解而与细胞周期调控及肿瘤的发生发展及预后密切相关[1-3]。p27kip1是一种广谱细胞周期素依赖性激酶抑制剂,对细胞周期进行负调控,Cks1在细胞周期中发挥正调控作用。Cks1在促进由Skp2介导的泛素化降解p27kip1的过程中发挥重要作用[4-6]。研究[7-8]表明:Cks1和Skp2在人类多种肿瘤中表达升高,而p27kip1表达降低或缺失,导致肿瘤细胞增殖周期正负调控失调而最终形成肿瘤。目前,国内外有关Cks1、Skp2 和p27kip1蛋白在舌癌中的表达研究报道较少,本研究旨在探讨Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白在人舌鳞状细胞癌(简称舌癌)组织中的表达情况,分析其表达与舌癌临床病理学参数之间的关系,揭示其在舌癌发生发展及预后中的作用机制。
1.1标本收集2010—2013年本院病理科接受手术治疗的舌癌标本45例,癌旁组织30例,正常舌黏膜组织20例,距舌癌病灶约1.0 cm为癌旁组织,正常舌黏膜组织均取自门诊手术切除的舌黏膜,所有的舌癌标本术前均未经放、化疗或免疫治疗;45例舌癌患者中,男性23例,女性22例;年龄25~73岁,平均年龄46.7岁;肿瘤病理分级按高、中、低分级划分:Ⅰ~Ⅱ级22例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级23例;按2002年国际抗癌联盟(UICC)TNM标准分期:其中T1-T2期24例,T3-T4期21例;按是否有淋巴结转移划分:有淋巴结转移22例,无淋巴结转移23例。
1.2主要试剂mouse anti-Cks1mAb、mouse anti-Skp2 mAb、mouse anti-p27kip1mAb均购自美国Invitrogen公司,即用型快捷免疫组织化学MaxVisionTM试剂盒(鼠/兔)购自福州迈新生物技术开发有限公司。
1.3免疫组织化学染色观察不同类型舌组织中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白的表达所有标本均经10%中性甲醛固定,常规组织处理,石蜡包埋连续切片(切片厚2 μm),HE染色。采用免疫组织化学法进行Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1染色(按抗体说明书进行修复),DAB显色,苏木精复染,以PBS液代替一抗作为阴性对照。染色结果判断:免疫组织化学染色结果由2名病理科医师独立阅片判断。每个切片均选择连续10个高倍视野,每个视野记数100个细胞,染色结果利用半定量方法进行判断。Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白均表达于细胞核上,以细胞核中见到棕黄色颗粒分布为阳性;阴性细胞不着色。计算各视野中阳性细胞的平均百分比作为该片的阳性细胞百分比进行计分,染色强度以多数细胞的染色特征为标准计分,对两者相加所得的总分进行结果判断。细胞染色评判标准:阳性细胞百分比0~5%、5%~30%、30%~70%和70%~100%各计为0、1、2和3分; 染色强度无、弱(淡黄)、中(棕黄)和强(棕褐)计为0、1、2和3分;相加所得总分以0分为阴性,1~2分为“+”,3~4分为“”,5~6分为“”。
1.4统计学分析采用SPSS 19.0统计软件包进行统计学处理。不同类型舌组织中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白阳性表达率的组间比较和舌癌组织中Cks1、Skp2 和p27kip1蛋白表达与临床病理学参数的关系分析采用χ2检验。
2.1不同类型舌组织中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白的表达 免疫组织化学染色,Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白染色主要在细胞核内,p27kip1可有部分细胞质着色,染色呈浅黄色、棕黄色或棕褐色,见图1(插页六)。在45例舌癌组织中,Cks1和Skp2蛋白均呈阳性-强阳性表达, 阳性表达率分别为73.3%和62.2%,而在癌旁组织和正常舌黏膜组织中其表达减弱,阳性表达率分别为23.3%、10.0%和36.7%、10.0%,在舌癌组织中Cks1和Skp2蛋白阳性表达率高于正常舌黏膜组织和癌旁组织(P<0.05);在舌癌组织中p27kip1蛋白表达水平明显减弱甚至缺失,阳性表达率为24.4%(11/45),在癌旁组织和正常舌黏膜组织中其表达增强,阳性表达率分别为46.7%和70.0%,舌癌组织中 p27kip1的阳性表达率明显低于其在癌旁组织及正常舌黏膜组织中的阳性表达率(P<0.05);而在癌旁组织和正常舌黏膜组织中p27kip1蛋白的阳性表达率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
2.2不同临床病理参数舌癌患者舌癌组织中Cks1、Skp2 和p27kip1蛋白阳性表达率舌癌组织中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白阳性表达率与舌癌患者的年龄和性别无关联(P>0.05),而与癌组织淋巴结转移、TNM分期、分化程度和临床分期有关联(P<0.05)。见表2。
表1 不同类型舌组织中Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白阳性表达率
*P<0.05vsnormal tongue mucosa tissue group;△P<0.05vsadjacent carcinoma tissue.
舌癌是口腔颌面部最常见的恶性肿瘤,是治疗效果不理想的恶性肿瘤之一[6-7]。临床对于该类肿瘤的诊治及预后的判断一直受到广泛的关注,寻找有效的方法阻止肿瘤生长、延长患者的生存期是目前研究的热点之一。因此研究舌癌发生发展的相关机制,观察舌癌预后的相关指标,并以准确、简便的方法进行检测,不仅为舌癌的诊治奠定理论基础,也有望为开展分子靶点基因治疗提供依据。
细胞周期调控机制的紊乱导致细胞的失控性生长,是肿瘤发生发展中重要的分子事件。细胞周期同时受到正向和负向因素的调控,p27kip1是细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂(CKI)家族中的重要一员,其主要参与细胞周期的负性调控、抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞分化、促进细胞凋亡,是多种肿瘤抑制基因;Cks1是细胞周期调节所必需的小分子蛋白质,参与由Skp2介导的泛素化降解p27kip1过程。
本研究采用免疫组织化学法检测45例舌癌组织、30例癌旁组织和10例正常舌黏膜组织中Cks1、Skp2 和p27kip1蛋白的表达情况,本研究结果显示:在舌癌、癌旁组织和正常舌黏膜组织中Cks1和Skp2蛋白阳性表达依次减弱,在舌癌组织中Cks1、Skp2蛋白均呈高表达,提示Cks1和Skp2在舌癌发生发展中起一定作用;舌癌组织中p27kip1的表达明显弱于其在癌旁组织及正常舌黏膜组织中的表达,提示在舌癌的发生发展过程中,p27kip1发挥重要的作用,其低表达可能使其失去对细胞周期的负调控作用,不能有效抑制舌癌组织中异常细胞增生,促进肿瘤发生。舌癌组织中Cks1、Skp2和p27蛋白表达结果与已有研究[8-9]结果一致。
表2不同临床病理参数舌癌患者舌癌组织中Cks1、Skp2 和p27kip1蛋白表达
Tab.2Expressions of Cks1,Skp2,and p27kip1proteins in tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients with different clinicopathological parameters[n(η/%)]
ClinicopathologicalparameternCks1Positiveexpressionχ2PSkp2Positiveexpressionχ2Pp27kip1Positiveexpressionχ2PAge(year) >60 ≤60291622(75.9)11(68.8)0.0270.86919(65.5)9(56.2)0.3770.5396(20.7)5(31.2)0.1820.670Gender Male Female252018(72.0)15(75.0)0.0510.82116(64.0)12(60.0)0.0760.7837(28.0)4(20.0)0.0740.786Differentiationdegree High+moderate Low+poor271816(59.3)17(94.4)5.1560.02312(44.4)16(88.9)9.0760.0033(11.1)8(44.4)4.8180.028TNMstage T1+T2 T3+T4242114(58.3)19(90.5)5.9170.01510(41.7)18(85.7)9.2440.0029(37.5)2(9.5)4.7460.029Lymphnodemetastasis Yes No222320(90.9)13(56.5)6.7990.00919(86.4)9(39.1)10.6720.0012(9.1)9(39.1)5.4940.019Clinicalstage Ⅰ+Ⅱ Ⅲ+Ⅳ222313(59.1)20(87.0)4.4650.03510(45.5)18(78.3)5.1480.0239(40.9)2(8.7)6.3180.012
对Cks1、Skp2和p27kip1蛋白表达与舌癌临床病理参数间关系的分析结果显示:舌癌组织中Cks1和p27蛋白表达与舌癌患者的年龄和性别无关联,但Cks1、Skp2蛋白高表达及p27kip1蛋白的低表达与癌组织淋巴结转移、肿瘤分化程度、TNM分期和临床分期有关联,与相关报道[1,10-14]相符,表明3种蛋白阳性表达率的高低可以预示舌癌的恶性度及颈淋巴结转移的风险性,可作为临床判断舌癌恶性程度的有效参考指标。
综上所述,Cks1、Skp2 和p27kip1蛋白的表达与舌癌的发生发展有密切关联,其表达可作为判断患者淋巴结转移和预后的重要临床指标。
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Expressions of Cks1,Skp2,and p27kip1proteins in tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissue and their clinical significances
DUAN Xiumei1,LI Shuoxi2,MING Zhihui2,ZHANG Congxiao2,LIU Wenshu2
(1.Clinical Pathological Diagnosis Center,First Hospital,Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China;2. Department of Stomatology,First Hospital,Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China)
ObjectiveTo detect the expressions of Cks1,Skp2, and p27kip1proteins in tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissue and to analyze their associations with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma, and to clarify their roles in the development and prognosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsThe expressions of Cks1,Skp2 and p27kip1proteins in 45 cases of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissue,30 cases of adjacent carcinoma tissue and 10 cases of normal tongue mucosa tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry;the differences of the positive expression rates of Cks1,Skp2,and p27kip1proteins in different kinds of tongue tissues were compared; the relationships between the expressions of Cks1,Skp2 and p27kip1proteins with the clinicopathological parameters of the patients were analyzed.ResultsThe expression levels of Cks1 and Skp2 proteins in tongue carcinoma tissue were obviously increased and the positive expression rate of Cks1 and Skp2 proteins were 73.3% and 62.2%.The expression levels of Cks1 and Skp2 proteins in the adjacent carcinoma tissue and normal tongue mucosa tissue were decreased gradually,and the positive expression rates of Cks1 and Skp2 proteins were 23.3%,10.0% and 36.7%,10.0%, respectively.The expression level of p27kip1protein in the tongue carcinoma tissue was decreased or loss, and the positive expression rate of p27kip1protein was 24.4%.The expression levels of p27kip1proten in the adjacent carcinoma tissue and normal tongue mucosa tissue were increased gradually,and the positive expression rates of p27kip1protein were 30.0% and 70.0%,respectively.The postive expression rates of Cks1 and Skp2 proteins in the tongue carcinoma tissue were higher than those in the adjacent carcinoma tissue and normal tongue mucosa tissue(P<0.05),and the positive expression rate of p27kip1protein was lower than those in the adjacent carcinoma tissue and normal tongue mucosa tissue (P<0.05).The positive expression rates of Cks1,Skp2 and p27kip1proteins in the tongue carcinoma tissue were significantly correlated with the lymph node metastasis,TNM stages,differentiation degrees,and clinical stages(P<0.05);but they were not correlated with gender and age (P>0.05).ConclusionThe positive expression rates of Cks1,Skp2 proteins in tongue carcinoma tissue are increased and the positive expression rate of p27kip1protein is decreased;the detection of the positive expression rates of Cks1,Skp2 and p27kip1proteins contributes to judging the malignancy grade and prognosis of the tongue sequamous cell carcinoma.
cyclin dependent kinase subunit 1;S-phase kinase associated protein 2; p27kip1protein;tongue squamous cell carcinoma
1671-587Ⅹ(2015)02-0347-05
10.13481/j.1671-587x.20150228
2014-06-19
吉林省发改委科研计划项目资助课题(JF2012C006-8)
段秀梅(1967-),女,黑龙江省哈尔滨市人,教授,医学博士,主要从事肿瘤的分子病理学方面的研究。
刘文书,主任医师,硕士研究生导师(Tel: 0431-88782994,E-mail: liuwenshu256@sina.com)
R739.86
A
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