陈 刚,周 煜
(贵州航天医院放射科,贵州遵义563000)
多层螺旋CT配合阴道超声评价血清硫酸脱氢表雄酮水平与多囊卵巢综合征排卵障碍的相关性
陈 刚,周 煜
(贵州航天医院放射科,贵州遵义563000)
目的应用经多层螺旋CT配合阴道超声评价硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHE-AS)水平与多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)排卵障碍的相关性。方法选取2009年3月至2015年5月在该院诊治的198例排卵障碍患者为研究对象,将其中96例PCOS排卵障碍患者设为PCOS组(DHE-AS阳性组58例,DHE-AS阴性组38例),将102例非PCOS排卵障碍患者设为非PCOS组;同时选取因男方因素就诊而排卵正常的100例不孕症患者为对照组。应用多层螺旋CT检测患者卵巢多囊样改变临床表征,阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断仪监测患者排卵情况;采用放射免疫法测定血清DHE-AS水平。结果PCOS组、非PCOS组和对照组患者血清DHE-AS的检测平均值分别为(1055.71±169.58)、(795.84±137.72)、(274.15±49.56)ng/mL,PCOS组的测定值显著高于非PCOS组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);DHE-AS阳性组患者的平均排卵周期、卵泡未破裂黄素化发生率和黄体生成素峰形成率[(108.72±23.56)d、24.14%(14/58)和46.55%(27/58)]均明显高于DHEAS阴性组[(14.58±3.94)d、7.89%(3/38)、26.32%(10/38)],而提前排卵率、排卵率和卵泡未破裂黄素化平均发生周期[3.45%(2/58)、10.34%(6/58)、(3.57±1.38)d]均明显低于DHE-AS阴性组[26.32%(10/38)、92.11%(35/38)、(18.95±4.24)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关分析结果显示,DHE-AS水平与平均排卵周期、卵泡未破裂黄素化发生率和黄体生成素峰形成率呈正相关(r=0.471、0.684、0.360,P=0.017、0.006、0.034);与提前排卵率、排卵率和卵泡未破裂黄素化平均发生周期呈负相关(r=-0.371、-0.753、-0.556,P=0.032、0.002、0.014)。结论过高水平的DHE-AS是导致PCOS排卵障碍的重要因素。
多囊卵巢综合征; 无排卵; 体层摄影术,X线计算机; 阴道/超声检查; 去氢表雄酮
排卵障碍是造成妇女不孕症的重要原因之一,占25%~35%[1]。诱发排卵障碍的常见因素主要包括多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS)、卵巢早衰、促卵泡激素分泌不足、黄体生成峰缺乏及黄素化卵泡不破裂综合征等[2],其中PCOS是妇科最常见的内分泌疾病之一[3]。血清硫酸脱氢表雄酮(dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate,DHE-AS)是人体血液循环中最丰富的甾体物质,是雄激素和雌激素的惰性前体,在卵泡生长和排卵过程中具有一定作用[4]。据此,本研究采用多层螺旋CT配合阴道超声深入探讨了PCOS排卵障碍与DHE-AS水平的相关性,现报道如下。
1.1 资料
1.1.1 一般资料 选取2009年3月至2015年5月在本院诊治的198例排卵障碍患者为研究对象,年龄18~35岁,平均(28.31±4.29)岁。其中PCOS排卵障碍96例,非PCOS排卵障碍(包括子宫内膜异位症、盆腔炎症疾病后遗症和高泌乳素血症等)102例。同期选取因男方因素而排卵正常的100例不孕症患者为对照组。以DHEAS检测值600 ng/mL为临界值,将PCOS组患者分为DHE-AS阳性组58例和DHE-AS阴性组38例。各组患者年龄、体质量指数、既往妇科疾病史等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1。
1.1.2 诊断标准 (1)年龄小于或等于35岁,稀发排卵或无排卵,月经周期大于35 d或每年月经来潮少于或等于8次;(2)高雄激素临床表现或生化改变;(3)卵巢多囊样改变,一侧或双侧卵巢直径2~9 mm,卵泡大于或等于12个,或卵巢体积大于或等于10 mL,但子宫、输卵管碘油造影或腹腔镜检查证实双侧或一侧输卵管通畅。上述3条中符合2条即可诊断。
1.1.3 排除标准 (1)罹患其他内分泌系统、消化系统、血液系统和神经系统等疾病;(2)伴有严重心、肺、肝、肾功能不全者;(3)无法坚持2个排卵周期阴道彩色多普勒超声监测。
表1 两组患者一般资料比较
1.2 方法
1.2.1 血清DHE-AS和尿黄体生成素水平检测 所有患者于月经周期第3天上午8:00抽取空腹肘静脉血5 mL,3 000 r/min离心10 min,分离血清,置于-20℃冰箱保存备用。(1)DHE-AS水平采用放射免疫法检测,试剂盒购自美国Diagnostic Products Corporation(DPC)公司,具体操作由专业检验技术人员严格按照试剂盒说明书要求执行。(2)利用昆明云大生物科技有限公司提供的尿黄体生成素半定量检测试纸,嘱患者严格按照说明书方法进行检测,当尿黄体生成素大于25 U/L,即判断出现黄体生成素峰。
1.2.2 多层螺旋CT检测 采用飞利浦64排128层螺旋CT机,从耻骨联合处至头侧平扫,层厚8~10 mm、螺距1.0~1.2 mm,采用碘海醇予以增强,剂量80 mL,速率2~3 mL/s,重复平扫延迟80~100 s。PCOS患者平扫中可见大小不一的数个囊性病灶呈水样密度分布于盆腔,病灶壁薄且光滑,增强扫描可见病灶呈轻度或中度强化。
1.2.3 阴道超声监测排卵
1.2.3.1 监测方法 采用美国通用公司生产的型号为Voluson 730 Expert阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断仪(阴道探头频率7.5 MHz),按照阴道超声常规操作方法,重点观察卵泡数量、大小、形态、边界,子宫、卵巢内部回声及子宫直肠陷凹处有无积液等。监测的具体时间从月经第9~13天开始,定于每天上午9:00~11:00予以检查,同时依据卵泡发育情况决定下次检查时间。检测频率:卵泡直径小于或等于10 mm者,每3天检查1次;>10~15 mm者,每2天检查1次;>15 mm者,每天检查1次,直至排卵。
1.2.3.2 诊断判定方法 参照周永昌等[5]阴道超声监测卵泡的判断方法。(1)排卵征象:①超声探查到卵泡直径大于18 mm的优势卵泡消失或缩小,并伴有内壁塌陷,张力大,表面无组织覆盖,呈三线征;②小卵泡腔内有细弱的光点回声,有早期黄体的形成;③子宫直肠陷凹处可见少许液性无回声区。(2)提前排卵征象:超声检查显示优势卵泡直径为14~17 mm,且排卵征象与正常排卵相同。(3)无排卵征象:超声检查显示优势卵泡直径小于14 mm,伴有萎缩,透声差。(4)卵泡未破裂黄素化:优势卵泡持续增大,未见排出,直径达35~48 mm,囊壁厚,张力差,伴有囊内分布不均匀的低回声。
1.3 统计学处理 应用SPSS18.0统计软件进行数据整理和分析,计量资料以±s表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两组间比较采用SNK检验;计数资料以构成比或率表示,多组间比较采用行×列χ2检验和秩和检验;相关性比较采用Pearson相关分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.1 DHE-AS水平测定结果 PCOS组、非PCOS组和对照组患者DHE-AS检测平均值分别为(1 055.71±169.58)、(795.84±137.72)、(274.15±49.56)ng/mL,PCOS组患者测定值明显高于非PCOS组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
2.2 DHE-AS水平对排卵周期和排卵率的影响 DHEAS阳性组患者平均排卵周期显著长于DHE-AS阴性组;而且提前排卵率和排卵率均明显低于DHE-AS阴性组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2;Pearson相关分析结果显示,DHE-AS水平与平均排卵周期呈正相关(r=0.471,P=0.017),而与提前排卵率和排卵率呈负相关(r=-0.371、-0.753,P=0.032、0.002)。
2.3 DHE-AS水平对卵泡未破裂黄素化和黄体生成素峰的影响 DHE-AS阳性组卵泡未破裂黄素化发生率明显高于DHE-AS阴性组,而黄体生成素峰形成率则明显高于DHE-AS阴性组,卵泡未破裂黄素化平均发生周期则明显短于DHE-AS阴性组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3;Pearson相关分析结果显示,DHE-AS水平与卵泡未破裂黄素化发生率和黄体生成素峰形成率呈正相关(r=0.684、0.360,P=0.006、0.034),而与卵泡未破裂黄素化平均发生周期呈负相关(r=-0.556,P=0.014)。
表2 DHE-AS水平对排卵周期和排卵率的影响
表3 DHE-AS水平对卵泡未破裂黄素化和黄体生成素峰的影响
PCOS是青春期和育龄期妇女常见的内分泌疾病之一,发病率为5%~10%,临床多表现为子宫功能性出血、闭经、肥胖和排卵功能障碍等[6-7]。目前临床上针对PCOS的治疗仍无有效的方法,也无任何一种药物或制剂能够治疗持续性排卵障碍或月经功能紊乱,常利用诱发排卵帮助妊娠、降低血清雄激素水平、改善代谢功能等对症治疗策略[8]。但是这些治疗方式一方面无法从根本上解决PCOS患者排卵障碍的问题,另一方面也无法进行早期诊断或干预指导。因此,寻求PCOS排卵障碍的早期临床生物标志物成为临床一线工作者亟待解决的关键难题[9-10]。
DHE-AS主要来源于胆固醇,在肾上腺皮质网状带合成,是机体内含量最丰富的甾体物质,具有一定的雄激素活性,也同时是雄激素和雌激素的前体,在众多组织(包括卵巢)中均可发挥良好的生物学效应[11-12]。更为重要的是,DHE-AS还是女性绝经后雌激素的唯一来源,因而众多学者曾多次尝试将DHE-AS应用于临床治疗,以期改善女性因雌激素水平降低而诱发的各种临床症状,并取得了令人瞩目的效果[13]。近年来的研究结果显示,DHE-AS含量与卵巢储备功能降低紧密相关,可直接导致女性生育能力下降和性激素缺乏。但是DHE-AS与排卵障碍的关系尚未明确[14-16]。本研究结果显示,PCOS组患者DHE-AS水平显著高于非PCOS组患者和对照组排卵正常的不孕症患者,提示DHE-AS与PCOS排卵障碍存在一定的关联性。为深入揭示这一问题,作者将PCOS排卵障碍患者分为DHE-AS阳性组和阴性组,比较排卵各项指标的改变,结果显示,DHEAS阳性组患者的平均排卵周期、卵泡未破裂黄素化发生率和黄体生成素峰形成率均明显高于DHE-AS阴性组,而提前排卵率、排卵率和卵泡未破裂黄素化平均发生周期则明显低于DHE-AS阴性组,表明DHE-AS升高是导致排卵障碍的重要因素,并且该结论在Pearson相关分析中也得到有效印证。
综上所述,DHE-AS水平与PCOS患者排卵功能的正常与否密切相关,高水平的DHE-AS可直接造成卵泡未破裂黄素化发生率和黄体生成素峰形成率增高,进而导致排卵周期延长,排卵率降低。
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Multi-layered screw CT coordinated by transvaginal ultrasound for evaluating relationship between polycystic ovarian syndrome induced ovulatory obstacle and level of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Chen Gang,Zhou Yu
(Department of Radiology,Guizhou Aerospace Hospital,Zunyi,Guizhou 563000,China)
ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)induced ovulatory obstacle and the level of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHE-AS)by using multi-layered screw CT coordinated by transvaginal ultrasound.Methods198 cases of ovulatory obstacle in our hospital from March 2009 to May 2015 were selected as the research subjects,among them 96 cases of PCOS induced ovulatory obstacle as the PCOS group(DHE-AS positive group,58cases,DHE-AS negative group,38 cases)and 102 cases of non-PCOS-induced ovulatory obstacle as the non-PCOS group,at the same time 100 infertile women with normal ovulation due to male factors were selected as the control group;the clinical manifestations of PCOS were detected by multi-layered screw CT and the ovulation situation was monitored by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound.The DHE-AS level was detected by radioimmunity method.ResultsThe mean values of DHE-AS in the PCOS group,non-PCOS group and control group were(1 055.71±169.58),(795.84±137.72),(274.15±49.56)ng/mL respectively.The detection value in the PCOS group was significantly higher than that in the non-PCOS group and control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);the average ovulation cycle,follicular unruptured luteinized occurrence rate and luteinizing hormone peak formation rate in the DHE-AS positive group were(108.72±23.56)d,24.14%(14/58)and 46.55%(27/58)respectively,which were significantly higher than(14.58±3.94)d,7.89%(3/38)and 26.32%(10/38)in the DHE-AS negative group,while the rate of ahead ovulation,ovulation rate and follicular unruptured luteinized average cycle were 3.45%(2/58),10.34%(6/58)and(3.57±1.38)d,which were obviously lower than 26.32%(10/38),92.11%(35/38)and(18.95±4.24)d in the DHE-AS negative group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);the Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the DHE-AS level was positively correlated with average ovulation cycle and follicular unruptured luteinized occurrence rate(r=0.471,0.684,0.360,P=0.017,0.006,0.034),and was negatively correlated with the luteinizing hormone peak formation rate,rate of ahead ovulation,ovulation rate and follicular non-rupture luteinized average cycle(r=-0.371,-0.753,-0.556,P=0.034,0.032,0.002,0.014).ConclusionThe excessive high level of DHE-AS is an important factor leading to the PCOS induced ovulation obstacle.
Polycystic ovary syndrome; Anovulation; Tomography,X-ray computed; Vagina/ultrasonography;Dehydroepiandrosterone
10.3969/j.issn.1009-5519.2015.18.005
A
1009-5519(2015)18-2739-03
2015-08-03)
陈刚(1969-),男,贵州遵义人,主管技师,主要从事CT检查工作;E-mail:chengang8663420@163.com。