张慧敏
英语课堂应当是平等、开放的课堂。平等,指以学生为中心。教师应是学生学习的引导者、合作者和促进者。开放,指学生的思维完全打开,并可以畅所欲言。一名优秀教师,要在特定的情境中与学生展开真心交流,在交流中引发思维碰撞。
“厚读薄学”是针对对教材的把握、对教学的设计来说的。见字明意,厚读指把教材学丰富,最大化地挖掘文本内涵。薄学则指高屋建瓴地理解文本脉络。“交流鼓励见真功”,指教师需要运用深厚的语言功底和高超的教学机智走入学生当中,给予学生学习的兴趣与动力。
一、以《江苏省小学英语三上Unit3 Is this your pencil》教学设计为例
1.Warming up:
(1)Tell the Ss they will get some pencils.
(2)Lead in the topic
Ss talk about their pencils.
设计意图:1)铅笔是整堂课的线索,任务引领,主题明确。2)让学生说自己的铅笔,可以激发他们的表现欲,因为他们都很想展示自己的漂亮铅笔。
2.New lesson
Section One:Say something as a loser and a finder.
T:If you lost your pencils,how will you feel?
Ss say and T conclude:Worry,sad,angry……
T:What can you say at that time?
(Ss say some drills.)
T:If you want to help the losers,what can you say?
(Ss say some drills.)
Section two:Lead in the story
A.整体把握课文
T:Today,a boy really lost his pencil.What do you want to know about it?
1)Ss say what they want to know.(Eg.Who,Where,…)
2)T conclude the questions and show three main questions:
Who lost the pencil?
Who helped the friend look for the pencil?
Did he find the pencil?
3)Ss watch the cartoon and answer the questions.
4)T(Show two pictures):Which one is Mikes pencil?
Ss choose one:the green one.
设计意图:对于这个故事,让学生先提出自己想知道的问题,可以刺激他们的求知欲。问题由学生中来,接着通过学习,仍回到学生中去解决,学生才真正做了主人。
B.细读课文,部分操练
1)Read the story and find:What does Mike say when he look for his pencil? 学生回答。
2)Read the story again and find:What does Liu Tao and Yang Ling say when they help Mike?
学生回答。教师带读,师生互动chant操练。(This is——Is this)
3)T:Maybe something will happen after this.
同桌一起编对话,延续故事。
Eg.A:Can I have a look? B:OK.
T:Its my turn .教师也参与续编:After finding his pencil,Mike shows it to his friends.
Mike:Look at my pencil.Its green.Its nice.I like it.
3.Expanding
(1)T:Do you have any silent friends? Please show them.
学生展示自己的“不说话的朋友”。
Eg.Look at my rabbit.Its white.It can jump.Its my friend.
(2)其他同学听后,再将物品送回主人处。
Eg.A:Is this your rabbit?
B:No,it isnt.
A:Is this your rabbit?
B:Yes,it is.
A:Here you are.
B:Thank you.
二、“厚”读“薄”学皆有益
1.将教材读“厚”。(1)注重对话题的理解和分析。新课程理念倡导要变“教教材”为“用教材教”,即教师要善于结合实际教学需要,灵活地和有创造性地使用教材。(2)设置开放性任务,挖掘学生潜力。本课话题与学生的生活息息相关。然而语言的习得决不能仅仅停留在机械地模仿上,要在“语用”层面多下功夫。
2.把教材学“薄”。(1)注重对语篇的整体理解和分析。本课设计中,语篇内容的呈现顺序体现了从整体到局部再整体的教学理念,这更加符合语言习得的规律,有助于学习者整体接触、感受、理解语言,而不是接受一些支离破碎的语言现象。(2)层次清晰,目标明确。教授一篇新语篇,最初不能拘泥于细枝末节,也不可操之过急,本课便采取了观看动画、自读、齐读的方式层层推进。
三、交流鼓励见真功
1.充满新意的激励措施——“基于教学内容的奖品设置”用铅笔图片作为实时奖励,对学生的课堂学习成果给予了肯定,同时也对铅笔这一重要线索加以强化。
2.多样化评价——心与心的交流。提出开放式问题,让学生先根据自己的生活经验和情感倾向说一说,对加强他们的积累大有裨益。