祁 军,张萍萍,林智明,魏秋静,古洁若
(中山大学附属第三医院风湿免疫科,广东 广州 510630)
强直性脊柱炎HLA-B27亚型及其首发临床表现特征
祁 军,张萍萍,林智明,魏秋静,古洁若
(中山大学附属第三医院风湿免疫科,广东 广州 510630)
目的 探讨强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)HLA-B27亚型及其首发临床特征。方法 476例AS患者,测定其HLA-B27基因型。比较不同HLA-B27亚型AS患者首发临床表现的差异。结果 476例AS患者中,HLA-B27阳性的患者437例。最常见的HLA-B27亚型是HLA-B*2704(90%)和HLA-B*2705(8.6%)。HLA-B*2704和HLA-B*2705阳性患者中,最常见首发受累部位是中轴关节,其次为外周关节,继之是中轴关节和外周关节同时发病者。HLA-B*2704与HLA-B*2705亚型AS患者首发受累部位发生率比较,首发受累的部位如中轴关节、外周关节、髋关节、中轴关节+外周关节、中轴关节+髋关节和外周关节+髋关节等差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),但葡萄膜炎发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P= 0.041)。结论 特定的HLA-B27亚型可能与AS某些特异的临床表现相关。HLA-B*2705亚型较HLA-B*2704亚型的AS患者更易发生葡萄膜炎。
HLA-B27;强直性脊柱炎;首发症状
强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)是慢性炎症性疾病,主要侵犯骶髂关节和脊柱。早在1973年,已发现HLA-B27与AS存在密切关联[1],迄今已有130种HLA-B27亚型被发现。常见与AS相关的亚型包括HLA-B*2702,B*2704和B*2705等,而另外的亚型如HLA-B*2706和HLA-B*2709则被认为是对AS发生有保护作用[2]。这些不同亚型在不同地域存在分布差异。如HLA-B2705和HLA-B*2702主要见于高加索人种,而HLA-B*2704主要见于中国汉族人种[3]。AS主要受累部位为骶髂关节和脊柱,然而,其他部位如葡萄膜,指(趾)、外周关节和髋关节等也可受累。AS临床表现与其不同的HLA-B27亚型存在相关性[4]。有些临床表现可能随着时间延长逐渐表现出来,表现为在特定年龄阶段发病[5],因此认识疾病首发表现可能有助于疾病早期诊断和早期治疗。本研究目的在于探讨我国不同亚型HLA-B27的AS患者疾病首发表现。
1.1 一般资料 纳入中山大学附属第三医院门诊就诊的无亲属关系的AS患者476例,其中男412例,女64例(性别比6.4∶1),年龄(27.8±8.4)岁,起病年龄(20.6±6.5)岁,脊柱关节炎家族史101例(21.2%)。均符合1984年纽约修改的AS分类诊断标准,排除银屑病皮疹患者。首发表现中,下腰痛是最常见症状440例(92.4%),其次是外周关节炎175例(36.8%)和髋关节受累124例(26.1%),指(趾)炎16例(3.4%),葡萄膜炎32例(6.7%)。纳入健康个体959例作为对照组,纳入标准:无慢性炎症性下背痛,无脊柱关节炎家族史。其中男800例,女159例,年龄(48.5±6.8)岁,性别比5∶1。
1.2 方法 HLA-B27分型基因组DNA利用盐析法提取,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增HLA-B区,扩增引物采用Bx1和BINT3,扩增区域涵盖外显子2,内含子2和外显子3序列[6]。HLA-B扩增条件依据文献报道的设置[7]。扩增产物用9孔PCR板纯化,并作为模板直接进行测序。测序引物采用BEX2F、BEX2R、BEX3F和18CIN3[8]。循环测序应用BigDye Terminator v3.1循环测序试剂盒。测序反应体系配置如下:4 μl Ready Reaction Premix(2.5×),2 μl BigDye测序缓冲液(5×),3.2 μl测序引物(1 μM),10~40 ng测序模板,加灭菌去离子水终体积20 μl。反应条件:96 ℃ 预变性 1 min;96 ℃ 10 sec,50 ℃ 5 sec,60 ℃ 4 min,25个循环;反应完毕,4 ℃维持。测序用毛细管电泳。用乙醇/EDTA沉淀法去除过量的染料终止剂。用超纯甲酰胺重新融化反应产物,然后在ABI Prism®3730xl基因测序仪上测序并分析数据。
1.3 统计学方法 采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计分析。组间比较采用U 检验、卡方检验,或Fisher's 确切概率法检验。P< 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.1 HLA-B27亚型分布情况 本研究观察到的HLA-B27亚型包括HLA-B*2702、B*2704,B*2705、B*2706和HLA-B*2715。在AS患者组,其HLA-B27亚型分布与健康对照组HLA-B27亚型分布比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=1104.707,P< 0.001)。HLA-B*2705虽阳性率在AS患者组中比例高于健康对照组,但是差异无统计学意义(8.6% vs 0%,P= 0.13)。HLA-B*2706在AS患者组中没有检出,只在健康组中检出,差异有统计学意义(0% vs 7.7%,P= 0.003)。HLA-B27亚型分布见表1。
表1 AS患者和对照组中的HLA-B27亚型分布 [n(%)]
2.2 不同亚型HLA-B27患者首发症状特征 首发受累部位如中轴关节、外周关节、髋关节、中轴关节+外周关节、中轴关节+髋关节、外周关节+髋关节以及肌腱端炎在HLA-B*2704和HLA-B*2705阳性的AS患者中无统计学差异,但HLA-B*2705阳性的AS患者首发葡萄膜炎者较HLA-B*2704阳性的AS患者比例高,有统计学差异(P= 0.041)。HLA-B*2702和HLA-B*2715阳性的患者因数量较少,为避免偏倚,未予统计分析。不同HLA-B27亚型的AS患者的首发症状特征见表2。
表2 不同HLA-B27亚型的AS患者的首发症状 [n(%)]
* 与HLA-B*2704比较,P< 0.05
本研究发现以葡萄膜炎为首发表现的在HLA-B*2705阳性患者较HLA-B*2704阳性患者更多见。本研究纳入的AS患者和健康对照例数比目前中国人群中同类研究规模更大,结果显示HLA-B*2704 是AS中主要的HLA-B27亚型,其次是HLA-B*2705,这与之前中国汉族人群中的研究结果一致[9,10]。HLA-B*2704在正常对照中也有较高的比例,这也与台湾和新加坡汉族人中的研究结果一致[11]。在日本人中,HLA-B*2704 也是AS相关的主要的HLA-B27 亚型[12]。但在韩国人中主要的AS相关的HLA-B27亚型是HLA-B*2705(92.2%)和 HLA-B*2704(5.8%)[13]。在印度人群中,AS中主要的HLA-B27亚型是HLA-B*2705和 HLA-B*2704,但是这些HLA-B27亚型在不同种姓和部落中也有不同[14~16]。更多研究也表明,不同种族和地理区域HLA-B27亚型的分布也存在不同[2,17]。
疾病全部临床表现并不一定在首发表现中完全呈现。吴震等研究显示,HLA-B27阳性者与阴性的AS患者首发中轴起病的,二者没有统计学差异[18]。Kim等研究提示首发中轴关节受累的在HLA-B27阳性和阴性者在AS中无统计学差异,但首发髋关节受累在HLA-B27阳性者更多见[20]。但这些研究未进行HLA-B27的分型研究。本研究中检测出的三例HLA-B*2706 阳性者都是健康人。Van Gaalen等[19]针对HLA-B*2706到底是否具有对AS具有保护作用做了一项系统回顾和Meta分析,结果表明,HLA-B*2706对于发展成AS具有保护作用。在其他地区的研究如韩国和印度人群中,其HLA-B*27亚型分布与中国人群存在差异,可能存在人种的差异,这几项临床表现在HLA-B*2705和HLA-B*2704之间仍无统计学差异。然而,在中国人群更大规模的研究发现,HLA-B*2704和HLA-B*2705之间AS虽然在疾病家族史、腰背痛、外周关节炎和髋关节受累等方面没有统计学差异,但是HLA-B*2705阳性者有更大机会患葡萄膜炎,但这项研究并没有涉及AS首发临床表现是否与HLA-B27亚型有关联[4]。
HLA-B27 与急性前葡萄膜炎有关[20~22]。发生急性前葡萄膜炎的患者中,HLA-B27的阳性率在不同种族人群中为19%~88%[23]。新西兰人群中HLA-B27阳性的葡萄膜炎中有41%是AS患者[24]。Accorinti等[25]报道脊柱关节炎患者中57%患者初期表现为葡萄膜炎,HLA-B27相关的葡萄膜炎与AS存在相关性。Kim 等[26]也报道在韩国人群中HLA-B27阳性患者有更多的葡萄膜炎发生。HLA-B*2705阳性的似乎比HLA-B*2704阳性的对急性前葡萄膜炎更加易感,最开始是Konno 等[27]在日本人群中报道的,但是这项研究只是在葡萄膜炎患者中进行而不是在AS患者中进行的。Sampaio-barros等[28]进行的一项研究中,27位患有葡萄膜炎的HLA-B27阳性的AS患者,其中有16位是HLA-B*2705阳性。但是,Chavan 等[29]报道,印度人中葡萄膜炎在HLA-B*2704阳性患者中比HLA-B*2705阳性在患者更常见。Park等[13]报道在韩国人中葡萄膜炎在HLA-B*2704和HLA-B*2705阳性的AS中的发生率无统计学差异,但是他们的研究中HLA-B*2704阳性者仅有9例。我们曾报道的846例AS患者中,HLA-B*2705阳性者比HLA-B*2704者有更高的患葡萄膜炎的风险[4]。但有几个因素可能影响研究结果:①研究记录的仅仅是曾经患过葡萄膜炎或研究当时患有葡萄膜炎,随着时间延长,可能有更多的患者发生葡萄膜炎。研究显示急性葡萄膜炎发生年龄在33.2±12.1岁[5];②人种和基因背景的不同[30];HLA-B*2704和HLA-B*2705在不同群体中的相对数量存在差异,样本量的差异也可能影响结果;③环境因素也可能是葡萄膜炎发生的原因之一[31]。在AS患者病程中,HLA-B*2705患者较HLA-B*2704阳性AS患者有更高葡萄膜炎患病率[4]。更有意思的是HLA-B27亚型与AS首发临床表现的关系,AS患者起病年龄是(20.6±6.5)岁,远低于葡萄膜炎发生的平均年龄,研究结果仍然显示HLA-B*2705阳性患者较HLA-B*2704阳性AS患者更高比例首发葡萄膜炎,因此葡萄膜炎作为AS的首发表现,有必要引起临床关注。
综上所述,本研究对中国人群中AS患者不同HLA-B27亚型相应的首发临床表现进行了研究,发现HLA-B*2705患者更多首发葡萄膜炎。HLA-B27亚型与AS首发受累部位的关系还需在不同人种和地区进行更多研究来证实。
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HLA-B27 subtypes of ankylosing spondylitis and their first clinical manifestation
QI Jun,ZHANG Ping-ping,LIN Zhi-ming,WEI Qiujing,GU Jie-ruo
(Department of Rheumatology,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China)
GUJie-ruo
Objective This study aimed to investigate the HLA-B27 subtypes of ankylosing spondylitis(AS)and their initial symptoms.Methods This study included 476 patients with AS.Direct sequencing was used to identify the HLA-B27 genotype.Clinical initial symptoms were compared among patients with various HLA-B27 subtypes.Results Of the 476 AS patients,437(91.8%)were HLA-B27-positive.The most prevalent subtypes were HLA-B*2704(90%)and HLA-B*2705(8.6%).In the HLA-B*2704- and 2705-positive patients,axial joint was the most common first affected site followed by peripheral joint and then the both sites at the same time.However,there was no significant difference in incidence of the first affected sites such as axial joint,peripheral joint,hip joint,axial joint + peripheral joint,axial joint + hip joint and peripheral joint + hip joint between the subtypes(P> 0.05).Compared with HLA-B*2704-positive patients,HLA-B*2705- patients demonstrated a significant increase in the incidence of uveitis(P=0.041).Conclusion Specific HLA-B27 subtypes are positively associated with particular initial symptoms.AS patients with HLA-B*2705 has a higher risk of uveitis than AS patients with HLA-B*2704 does.
Ankylosing spondylitis; HLA-B27;Initial symptoms
中山大学临床医学研究5010计划资助项目(编号:2007023)
古洁若,女,主任医师,教授,博士研究生导师。国际脊柱关节炎专家委员会委员,中华医学会风湿病学分会副主任委员,中国健康促进基金会强直性脊柱炎专家顾问会会长,中国医师协会风湿免疫分会常委,中国康复医学会骨风湿分会常委,广东省康复学会常务理事和骨风湿分会的副主任委员,广东省健康管理学会风湿免疫与康复委员会主任委员。国家杰出青年基金获得者,享受国务院特殊贡献津贴。主要研究方向:各种疑难重症风湿病、脊柱关节炎和强直性脊柱炎的临床和基础研究。
R593.23
A
1672-6170(2015)05-0054-04
2015-07-20;
2015-08-17)