赫贵祥
情景交际试题是黑龙江省各地市历年中考的必考题型,它是一种综合性的测试题,旨在考查学生是否能把平时学到的语言知识在具体的语言环境中进行交流与表达的能力,特别是在真实语境中沟通信息、描述事物、交流情感、发表观点和提出意见等能力。从近几年的中考试题看,情景交际题的分值有逐渐提高的趋势。因此在整个中考复习的过程中,对情景交际这一部分内容的复习要引起教师们足够的重视。
现就情景交际题的题型分类、常考话题、解题技巧和命题趋势等方面内容做一简要论述,以此与广大中学英语教师共同探讨。
一、高频话题与常考题型
情景交际题通常涉及打电话、约会、购物、看病、问路、借物、愿望、家中待客或询问身体状况等话题,也有就日常生活中常见情景设定的对话考题,当然在很多时候也有使用几个话题同时出现在一个对话里进行考查的情况。情景交际考题常见的题型有填词语完成对话、填句子完成对话、选句子完成对话、情景反应和选择交际用语等。
①(2014年 牡丹江市)—There is still no information about MH370(马航370).
—Everyone is worried about it. _________.
A. Have a good time B. Not bad
C. Hope things work out
解析:考查祝愿的选择交际用语题型。根据上句提到“马航370仍没有任何信息”,答句应该是表达说话人的一种愿望。“Hope things work out”的意思是“希望事情得以解决”,故选择C项。
②(2014年 龙东地区)-Your handwriting looks so good.
-Really? ________
A. Thank you. B. Dont mention it.
C. No, not good.
解析:考查赞赏与应答的选择交际用语题型。当得到对方夸奖时,往往要回答“谢谢”,故选择A项。
③(2014年 齐齐哈尔市)
1. How about doing sports?
2. Dont speak loudly here please.
3. Im leaving for Hong Kong with my aunt next week.
4. You look beautiful in the pink dress.
5. Its a nice day, isnt it?
A. Yes, lets relax ourselves. B. Good luck!
C. Sounds good. D. Sorry, I wont.
E. Have a good trip. F. Thank you.
解析:1~5 CDEFA,情景反应选择题。题1考查表示询问的问答语;题2考查表示建议的问答语;题3考查表示祝愿的问答语;题4考查表示赞美的问答语;题5考查表示天气和建议的问答语。
④(2014年 龙东地区)
A: Hi, Peter. I see you wearing a pair of glasses. But you didnt wear it before, did you?
B: (1) But Im afraid I have to wear it now.
A: (2)
B: Because I get screen sightedness(近视症)and (3)
A: (4) What happened?
B: My doctor said that I watched movies or played games on my iPad quite a lot. I suggest you not to do that like me.
A: (5) Peter.
B: Youre welcome.
A. Why? B. Im sorry to hear that.
C. No, I didnt. D. Thank you for your advice.
E. Yes, I did. F. I cant see things clearly.
解析:1~5 CAFBD,选句子完成对话题。题1考查日常的交际用语;题2 考查询问原因的问句;题3指病情;题4当听到某人身体不适时,要说Im sorry to hear that.;题5根据Youre welcome.可知,填写表示感谢的用语。
⑤(2014年 哈尔滨市)
A: Ningning, ____1____ everything going?
B: Very well, Dandan! Havent you heard Ice Age II is now showing in Wanda Cinema?
A: Really? Im ___2____of cartoons.
B: Then how about seeing the film together?
A: Id love to, but Im ____3____I must go to the art class now.
B: What a ____4____!endprint
A: In fact, I would see this film ____5____than have a class.
B: But work comes before everything.
A: You are right. ____6_____the way, do you mind buying three tickets for me?
B: Of course not. Why three?
A: Oh, I want to go with my ____7____tomorrow.
B: You are a good daughter!
解析:本题属于填词完成对话的类型。整个对话贯穿了询问情况、谈论爱好、邀请和购票等话题。1. hows 2. fond 3. afraid 4. pity 5. rather 6. By 7. parents
⑥(2014年 龙东地区)
A: Hi, Frank. Where did you go this morning?
B: (1) .
A: Why did you go to the railway station?
B: You know National Day is coming. I went there to buy a train ticket.
A: But you look upset now. (2) ?
B: I got up very early this morning in order to buy a train ticket. (3) .
A: What a pity!
B: Have you bought the train ticket to go home?
A: Yes, (4) .
B: Online?
A: Yes, its more convenient. (5) .
B: OK. I will have a try. Thank you a lot.
A: Youre welcome.
解析:本题属于填句完成对话的类型。题1. I went to the railway station.考查询问去处的话题;题2. Whats the matter (with you)?/Whats wrong/up/your trouble?考查询问身体状况话题的问句;题3. But I was told that the tickets were sold out when I got there/I didnt buy one. But it has /they have been sold out./ But they had been sold out when I got there. 说明“What a pity!”的原因;题4. Ive bought the train ticket /it/one online. 回答询问的结果;题5. I think you can try to buy the ticket online, too./ You should have a try. /Youd better have a try. /You are supposed to buy one online. 考查建议的话题。
二、情景交际题解题技巧
各地市的情景交际类题目已经改变了以往只考一些约定俗成的交际用语的习惯,而是注重在贴近生活的情景中理解题目。如果学生光靠死记硬背,照套语法规则就不能很好地完成这一题型的测试,我们应该侧重指导他们掌握一些常见的解题技巧。
1.瞄准要点,查寻对应词语。
对话通常以问和答的句式展开,这些句式必定会出现相关的疑问词、情态动词、助动词等。动词的时态、语态通常也是互相呼应的,甚至还会出现相关的句型。抓住这些信息要点,寻找对应语就方便多了。
①(2012年 大庆市)—Lets watch the popular TV program “I am a Singer”, shall we?
—____________. It has been over for some time.
A. Sounds great B. Yes, we shall
C. Im afraid not D. No, we shant
解析:从答句中下一句的It has been over for some time.可以看出,上句应该是表示否定意义的Im afraid not。故选C项。
2. 盯住提示,套用选择项目。
对话中常采用呼应、替代、省略、词汇衔接、连接词等手段来连接上下文,这些衔接方式如同道路上的路标,可以帮助考生发现各句的语意联系。因此,要求学生做题时不要急于下笔,先分析对话的来言和去语,从问句求答句或从答句求问句。
(2012年 鸡西市)
A: Excuse me. (1) ?
B: The nearest restaurant is about 8 kilometers from here. Youd better take a bus.
A: Can you tell me the way to the bus stop?
B: Turn right at the second crossing. Keep walking and youll see it on your left.endprint
A: (2) ________________________________?
B: About ten minutes walk.
A: Thank you very much.
C(waiter): (3) ?
A: Id like Beijing Roast Duck and a bottle of beer.
C: OK. Wait a moment.
… …
解析:1. Could you tell me where the nearest restaurant is?/Which is the way to the nearest restaurant?/Where is the nearest restaurant?/Can you tell me how to get to the nearest restaurant?/Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest restaurant? 根据下句The nearest restaurant is about 8 kilometers from here. Youd better take a bus.可以确定本空一定填写询问去the nearest restaurant最近的路;2. How far is it from here?/How far is it?/How far?根据答句About ten minutes walk.确定问句一定是询问距离的句子;3. What would you like (to eat/ have)?/What can I do for you?/Can I help you?/May I take your order?根据答句Id like Beijing Roast Duck and a bottle of beer.确定该空是询问要点什么东西的问句。
3.判断情景,联想相关句型。
有些试题通过初读就能基本上判断出对话的情景是购物、打电话、问路、看病或其他活动等某种话题,我们可以马上联想相关的功能句型,这样就会很容易地得出正确答案。
(2012年 哈尔滨市)
A: Hi, Tongtong!
B: Hi, Bruce! 1
A: Very well, thank you.
B: I know the 30th Olympic Games is coming next month. 2
A: Yes, thats right.
B: Will you go back to your hometown soon?
A: Of course. And I will be a guide during the Olympics.
… …
A. Would you please tell me, what to do as a guide?
B. What would you like to do?
C. How are you doing?
D. It will be held in your country, wont it?
E. Oh, congratulations!
F. Its very nice of you to tell me so much.
G. Im afraid not.
解析:通过对话的前3句可以判定,这是A与B间询问近况的对话,因此题1选用How are you doing?;题2前后的句子是谈论第30届奥林匹克运动会的召开时间等情景,因此答案选用It will be held in your country, wont it?
4. 通读对话,做到瞻前顾后。
要指导学生充分利用对话的上下文,认真分析每个句子,且不可一叶障目,不见森林。因为所补充的句子有时候须从上句得到,有时可从下句得到启发,有时须要从对全文内容的推敲后得到。
(2014年 龙东地区)
A: Excuse me. Can you tell me if there is a good place to see a movie?
B: (1) I think City House is the best. A new action movie is on them.
A: (2)
B: Because the seats there are comfortable and the price is low. Also its quite near.
A. Why? B. Certainly.
C. How far is it? D. Do I need to take a bus.
E. How can I get them? E. Thats all right.
解析:这是一段寻找看电影场所的对话。要补充题1的句子,就必须从下文中查明B是否同意告诉A提出的问题。下文中I think City House is the best.一句告诉我们,他愿意告诉A提出的问题,所以题1填Certainly;题2的后句主要是说明选择City House的原因,所以用Why 来表示疑问。
5. 注意语气,留心标点符号。
标点符号虽小,但作用巨大。在做英语情景交际题时,标点符号往往是学生选定答案的重要依据。若句尾为句号,则该句肯定是陈述句;若为问号,则必是疑问句;若为双引号,可以判断该句引用某人的原话。endprint
(2014年 大兴安岭地区)
M: She likes listening to music.
W: Why not get her a CD player?
M: Thats too expensive. (3) .
W: What about an album of popular songs?
M: Thats a great ideal Thanks, Tina.
解析:当W听说她(Jenny)喜欢听音乐时便问M为何不买一个CD唱机,M说Thats too expensive.表明了自己此时的心情,再根据W在下句中说的What about an album of popular songs?判断,M肯定不能买CD唱机。由于横线后的标点为句号,从而判断此处一定填写陈述句,故答案为:I cant afford it. / Im afraid I cannot buy it. / I dont have enough money.
6.了解习俗,注意习惯搭配。
由于中国文化习俗与英美文化习俗之间存在着较大差异,在对话之类的交际用语上体现尤为明显。我们应指导学生注意提问时间、地点、方向、距离、方式、年龄、价格、天气、健康、意愿、爱好、目的等习惯搭配、习惯句型及其回答方式。
(2013年 绥化市)
D: Good morning, Tom. 1 ?
T: I dont feel very well.
D: Have you taken your temperature?
T: 2 .My temperature is a little higher.
D: 3 ?
T: Ever since last night.
D: Open your mouth and say “Ah...”.You have a cold.
T: Is it serious?
D: 4 .Take the medicine three times a day, and youll be all right soon.
T: 5 .
解析:题l. Whats wrong(with you)?/Whats the matter(with you)?/Whats the problem (with you)?/Whats the trouble(with you)?/Whats your trouble?询问某人哪里不舒服时的习惯表达语。题2. Yes, I have. 题3. How long have you been like this? 题4. Theres nothing serious./Its nothing serious./Nothing serious.说明病情不严重,安慰病人时的习惯用语。题5. Thanks (a lot)./Many thanks./Thank you (very much).得到他人的帮助时,往往要说一句“谢谢!”。
三、情景交际命题趋势分析
随着英语教材内容的逐渐更新和英语教学方法的不断改革,中考英语情景交际题也在尽量突出考查在一定的英语语言环境中运用知识、交流思想、表达观点和传播文化等能力。就2015年中考试题看,情景交际试题的命制将会呈现以下趋势:
1. 侧重考查在较真实的对话情景中运用英语日常交际用语的能力。
2. 以打电话、购物、看病、约会、问路、借物或还物等话题为主,情景反应类的选择题也会考查问候、介绍、告别、道谢、祝愿、请求、表达意愿等日常交际用语的掌握和运用情况。填词语、句子完成对话或选句子完成对话类的题型会在一个对话中同时出现几个话题的综合内容。
3. 通过标点暗示、语句提醒等方式侧重考查上下文意对照,捕捉关键词语等能力。尽量减少单看一句话就能填出正确答案的完成对话题,应有须要阅读几句或全部对话才有“茅塞顿开”的感觉的内容。
4. 结合日常生活实际,考查考生是否善于观察生活,能否利用生活基本常识来解题的能力。
当然,搞好中考英语情景交际内容的复习,除了要掌握其题型分类、常考话题、解题技巧和命题方向外,教师平时要引导学生注意收集课文中出现的常用交际用语、习惯表达方式,归纳和整理不同的语言功能短句,将《英语课程标准》中的交际项目和文化内涵巧妙地融入到相应的知识板块之中,让学生拥有一个完备的知识体系,并对课文和对话中有关的内容进行综合理解、反复练习。只有熟练,才能在具体会话时做到居高临下、准确地道、流利自如。endprint