我国现行有效的焊接标准应用分类简介(1)

苏金花

(全国焊接标准化技术委员会，黑龙江哈尔滨150028)

我国焊接领域内的标准化工作由全国焊接标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC55)归口负责，业务范畴与国际标准化组织中的焊接技术委员会(ISO/TC44)对应一致。我国通用性焊接标准体系经过“十一五”和“十二五”期间大规模的标准制修订工作，标准数量显著增加，采标率大幅度提高，标准水平明显提升，基本上满足了实际需求。

为了方便广大用户和读者了解和使用焊接标准，本文对我国现行有效的焊接标准从焊接基础、焊接和管理、焊缝的试验与检验、焊接材料及相关检验、钎焊材料及相关检验、工艺方法等六个方面进行了归类，并提供了标准的英文名称、采标程度及采标原文名称等信息。通过这些基本的焊接标准信息，可以快捷便利地了解我国焊接标准体系概况。

1 焊接基础

GB/T 324—2008焊缝符号表示法

Weld symbolic representation on drawings(ISO 2553:1992，Welded，brazed and soldered joints—Symbolic representation on drawings，MOD)

GB/T 985.1—2008气焊、焊条电弧焊、气体保护焊和高能束焊的推荐坡口

Recommended joint preparation for gas welding，manual metal arc welding，gas－shield arc welding and beam welding(ISO 9692 － 1:2003，Welding and allied processes—Recommendations for joint preparation—Part 1:Manual metal arc welding，gas－shield arc welding，gas welding，TIG welding and beam welding of steels，MOD)

GB/T 985.2—2008埋弧焊的推荐坡口

Recommended joint preparation for submerged arc welding(ISO 9692 －2:1998，Welding and allied processes—joint preparation—Part 2:submerged arc welding of steels，MOD)

GB/T 985.3—2008铝及铝合金气体保护焊的推荐坡口

Recommended joint preparation for gas－shield arc welding on aluminium and its alloys(ISO 9692 －3:2000，Welding and allied processes—Recommended joint preparation—Part 3:Metal inert gas welding and tungsten inert gas welding of aluminium and its alloys，MOD)

GB/T 985.4—2008复合钢的推荐坡口

Recommended joint preparation for welding on clad steels(ISO 9692 －4:2003，Welding and allied processes—Recommendations for joint preparation—Part 4:Clad steels，MOD)

GB/T 3375—1994焊接术语

Welding terminology

GB/T 5185—2005焊接及相关工艺方法代号

Welding and allied processes—Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers

(ISO 4063:1998，IDT)

GB/T 6417.1—2005金属熔化焊接头缺欠分类及说明

Classification and explanation of imperfections in fusion welded joints

(ISO 6520 －1:1998，Welding and allied processes—Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials—Part 1:Fusion welding，IDT)

GB/T 6417.2—2005金属压力焊接头缺欠分类及说明

Classification and explanation of imperfections in pressure welded joints

(ISO 6520 －2:2001，Welding and allied processes—Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials—Part 2:Welding with pressure，IDT)

GB/T 16672—1996焊缝——工作位置——倾角和转角的定义

Welds—Working positions—Definitions of angles of slope and rotation

GB/T 19418—2003钢的弧焊接头缺陷质量分级指南

Arc－welded joints in steel—Guidance on quality levels for imperfections(ISO 5817:1992，IDT)

GB/T 19804—2005焊接结构的一般尺寸公差和形位公差

Welding—General tolerances for welded constructions—Dimensions for lengths and angles—Shape and position(ISO 13920:1996，IDT)

GB/T 22085.1—2008电子束及激光焊焊接头 缺欠质量分级指南第1部分:钢

Electron and laser beam welded joints—Guidance on quality levels for imperfections—Part1:Steel

(ISO 13919 －1:1996，Welding—Electron and laser－beam welded joints—Guidance on quality levels for imperfections—Part 1:Steel，IDT)

GB/T 22085.2—2008电子束及激光焊焊接头 缺欠质量分级指南第2部分:铝及铝合金

Electron and laser beam welded joints—Guidance on quality levels for imperfections—Part 2:Aluminium and its weldable alloys(ISO 13919 －2:2001，Welding—Electron and laser－beam welded joints—Guidance on quality levels for imperfections—Part 2:Aluminium and its weldable alloys，IDT)

GB/T 22087—2008铝及铝合金的弧焊接头缺欠质量分级指南

Arc－welded joints in aluminium and its alloys—Guidance on quality levels for imperfection(ISO 10042:2005，Welding —Arc－welded joints in aluminium and its alloys—Quality levels for imperfection，IDT)

2 焊接和管理

GB 9448—1999焊接与切割安全

Safety in welding and cutting

GB/T 12467.1—2009焊接质量要求 金属材料的熔化焊第1部分:质量要求相应等级的选择准则

Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials—Part 1:Criteria for the selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements(ISO 3834 －1:2005，IDT)

GB/T 12467.2—2009焊接质量要求 金属材料的熔化焊第2部分:完整质量要求

Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials—Part 2:Comprehensive quality requirements(ISO 3834 －2:2005，IDT)

GB/T 12467.3—2009焊接质量要求 金属材料的熔化焊第3部分:一般质量要求

Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials—Part 3:Standard quality requirements(ISO 3834－3:2005，IDT)

GB/T 12467.4—2009焊接质量要求 金属材料的熔化焊第4部分:基本质量要求

Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials—Part 4:Elementary quality requirements(ISO 3834 －4:2005，IDT)

GB/T12467.5—2009焊接质量要求 金属材料的熔化焊第5部分:满足质量要求应依据的标准文件

Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials—Part 5:Standard documents need to conform to claim conformity to the quality requirements(ISO 3834－5:2005，Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials—Part 5:Documents with which it is necessary to conform to claim conformity to the quality requirements of ISO 3834－2，ISO 3834－3 or ISO 3834－4，IDT)

GB/T 15169—2003钢熔化焊焊工技能评定

Qualification test of welders—Fusion welding for steels

(ISO/DIS 9606 － 1:2002，Qualification test of welders—Fusion welding—Part 1:Steels，IDT)

GB/T 18591—2001焊接 预热温度、道间温度及预热维持温度的测量指南

Welding—Guidance on the measurement of preheating temperature，interpass temperature and preheat maintenance temperature

GB/T 19419—2003焊接管理任务与职责

Welding coordination—Tasks and responsibilities(ISO 14731:1997，IDT)

GB/T 19805—2005焊接操作工技能评定

Qualification test of welding operators(ISO 14732:1998，Welding personnel—Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and of resistance weld setters for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials，IDT)

GB/T 19866—2005焊接工艺规程及评定的一般原则

Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—General rules

(ISO 15607:2003，IDT)

GB/T 19867.1—2005电弧焊焊接工艺规程

Welding procedure specification for arc welding

(IS0 15609 －1:2004，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Welding procedure specification—Part 1:Arc welding，IDT)

GB/T 19867.2—2008气焊焊接工艺规程

Welding procedure specification for gas welding

(IS0 15609 －2:2001，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Welding procedure specification—Part 2:Gas welding，IDT)

GB/T 19867.3—2008电子束焊接工艺规程

Welding procedure specification for electron beam welding

(IS0 15609 －3:2004，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Welding procedure specification—Part 3:Electron beam welding，IDT)

GB/T 19867.4—2008激光焊接工艺规程

Welding procedure specification for laser beam welding

(IS0 15609 －4:2004，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Welding procedure specification—Part 4:laser beam welding，IDT)

GB/T 19867.5—2008电阻焊焊接工艺规程

Welding procedure specification for resistance welding

(IS0 15609 －5:2004，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Welding procedure specification—Part 5:Resistance welding，IDT)

GB/T 19868.1—2005基于试验焊接材料的工艺评定

Welding procedure qualification based on tested welding consumables

(ISO 15610:2003，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Qualification based on tested welding consumables，IDT)

GB/T 19868.2—2005基于焊接经验的工艺评定

Welding procedure qualification based on previous welding experience

(ISO 15611:2003，Specification and qualification of welding procedures formetallic materials—Qualification based on previous welding experience，IDT)

GB/T 19868.3—2005基于标准焊接规程的工艺评定

Welding procedure qualification by adoption of a standard welding procedure

(ISO 15612:2004，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Qualification by adoption of a standard welding procedure，IDT)

GB/T 19868.4—2005基于预生产焊接试验的工艺评定

Welding procedure qualification based on pre－production welding test

(ISO 15613:2004，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—qualification based on pre － production welding test，IDT)

GB/T 19869.1—2005钢、镍及镍合金的焊接工艺评定试验

Welding procedure qualification test for steels，nickel and nickel alloys(ISO 15614 －1:2004，Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials—Welding procedure test—Part 1:Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys，IDT)

GB/T 19869.2—2012铝及铝合金的弧焊工艺评定试验

Welding procedure qualification test for aluminum and its alloys

(ISO 15614 －2:2005，Specification and qualification of welding procedure for metallic materials—Welding procedure test—Part 2:Arc welding of aluminum and its alloys，MOD)

GB/T 24598—2009铝及铝合金焊工技能评定

Qualification test of welders—Fusion welding for aluminium and aluminium alloys

(ISO 9606 －2:2004，Qualification test of welders—Fusion welding—Part 2:Aluminium and aluminium alloys，MOD)

GB/T 30563—2014铜及铜合金熔化焊焊工技能评定

Qualification test of welders—Fusion welding for copper and copper alloys(ISO 9606 －3:1999，Approval testing of welders—Fusion welding—Part 3:Copper and copper alloys，MOD)

3 焊缝的试验与检验

GB/T 2650—2008焊接接头冲击试验方法

Impact test methods on welded joints

(ISO 9016:2001，Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Impact tests—Test specimen location，notch orientation and examination，IDT)

GB/T 2651—2008焊接接头拉伸试验方法

Tensile test method on welded joints

(ISO 4136:2001，Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Transverse tensile test，IDT)

GB/T 2652—2008焊缝及熔敷金属拉伸试验方法

Tensile test methods on weld and deposited metal

(ISO 5178:2001，Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Longitudinal tensile test on weld metal in fusion welded joints，IDT)

GB/T 2653—2008焊接接头弯曲及压扁试验方法

Bend test methods on welded joints

(ISO 5173:2000，Destructive tests on welds in metallic material—Bend tests，IDT)

GB/T 2654—2008焊接接头硬度试验方法

Hardness test methods on welded joints

(ISO 9015 －1:2001，Destructive tests an welds in metallic materials—Hardness testing—Part 1:Hardness test on arc welded joints，IDT)

GB/T 3323—2005金属熔化焊焊接接头射线照相

Radiographic examination of fusion welded joints in metallic materials

GB/T 9445—2008无损检测人员资格鉴定与认证

Non－destructive testing—Qualification and certification of personnel(ISO 9712:2005，IDT)

GB/T 11345—2013焊缝无损检测、超声检测、技术检测等级和评定

Non－destructive testing ofwelds—Ultrasonic testing—Techniques，testing levels，and assessment(ISO 17640:2010，MOD)

GB/T 16957—2012复合钢板焊接接头力学性能试验方法

Clad steel plates—Mechanical technical tests on welded joints

GB/T 20967—2007无损检测目视检测总则

Non－destructive testing—Visual testing—General principles

GB/T 20968—2007无损检测目视检测辅助工具低倍放大镜的选用

Non－destructive testing—Aids to visual inspection—Selection of low－power magnifiers

(ISO 3058:1998，IDT)

GB/T 26951—2011焊缝无损检测磁粉检测

Non－destructive testing of welds—Magnetic particle testing

(ISO 17638:2003，MOD)

GB/T 26952—2011焊缝无损检测焊缝磁粉检测验收等级

Non－destructive testing of welds—Magnetic particle testing of welds—Acceptance levels

(ISO 23278:2006，MOD)

GB/T 26953—2011焊缝无损检测焊缝渗透检测验收等级

Non－destructive testing of welds—Penetrant testing of welds—Acceptance levels

(ISO 23277:2006，MOD)

GB/T 26954—2011焊缝无损检测基于复平面分析的焊缝涡流检测

Non－destructive testing of welds—Eddy current testing of welds by complex－plane analysis(ISO 17643:2005，MOD)

GB/T 27551—2011金属材料焊缝破坏性试验断裂试验

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Fracture test and leasing of audio－video products(ISO 9017:2001，IDT)

GB/T 27552—2011金属材料焊缝破坏性试验焊接接头显微硬度试验

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Microhardness testing of welded joints

(ISO 9015 －2:2003，Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials一Hardness testing一Part2:Microhardness testing of welded joints，IDT)

GB/T 26955—2011金属材料焊缝破坏性试验焊缝宏观和微观检验方法

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds(ISO 17639:2003(E)，MOD)

GB/T 26956—2011金属材料焊缝破坏性试验宏观和微观检验用侵蚀剂

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Etchants for macroscopic and microscopic examination(ISO/TR 16060:2003(E)，IDT)

GB/T 26957—2011金属材料焊缝破坏性试验十字接头和焊接接头试验方法

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials—Tensile test on cruciform and lapped joints

(ISO 9018:2003，IDT)

GB/T 29711—2013焊缝无损检测超声波检测焊缝显示的特性

Non－destructive testing ofwelds—Ultrasonic testing—Characterization of indications in welds(ISO 23279:2010，IDT)

GB/T 29712—2013焊缝无损检测超声检测验收等级

Non－destructive testing of welds—Ultrasonic testing—Acceptance levels

(1S0 11666:2010，MOD)

JB/T8931—1999堆焊层超声探伤方法

Ultrasonic examination for cladding

4 焊接材料及相关检验

GB/T 983—2012不锈钢焊条

Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat－resisting steels

(ISO 3581:2003，Welding consumables—Covered elec－trodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heatresisting steels—Classification，MOD)

GB/T 984—2001堆焊焊条

Hardfacing electrodes for shielded metal arc welding

GB/T 1954—2008镍铬奥氏体不锈钢焊缝铁素体含量测量方法

Methods of measurement for ferrite content in austenitic Cr－Ni stainless steel weld metals

(ISO 8249:2000，Welding—Determination of Ferrite Number(FN)in austenitic and duplex ferrite－austenitic Cr－Ni stainless steel weld metals，MOD)

GB/T 3669—2001铝及铝合金焊条

Aluminum and aluminum－alloy electrodes for shielded metal arc welding

GB/T 3670—1995铜及铜合金焊条

Coated electrodes for copper and copper alloys

GB/T 3965—2012熔敷金属中扩散氢测定方法

Determination of diffusible hydrogen in deposited metal

(ISO 3690:2000，Welding and allied processes—Determination of hydrogen content in ferritic steel arc weld metal，MOD)

GB/T 5117—2012非合金钢及细晶粒钢焊条

Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non－alloy and fine grain steels

(ISO 2560:2009，Welding consumables—Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non－alloy and fine grain steels—Classification，MOD)

GB/T 5118—2012热强钢焊条

Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of creepresisting steels

(ISO 3580:2010，Welding consumables—Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of creep－resisting steels—Classification，MOD)

GB/T 5293—1999埋弧焊用碳钢焊丝及焊剂

Carbon steel electrodes and fluxs for submerged arc welding

GB/T 8110—2008气体保护电弧焊焊用碳钢、低合金钢焊丝

Welding electrodes and rods for gas shielding arc welding of carbon and low alloy steel

GB/T 9460—2008铜及铜合金焊丝

Copper and copper alloy wires and rods

ISO/DIS 24373:2007，Welding Consumables—Solid wires and rods for fusion welding of copper and copper alloys—Classification，MOD)

GB/T 10044—2006铸铁焊条及焊丝

Welding electrodes and rods for cast iron

GB/T 10045—2001碳钢药芯焊丝

Carbon steel flux cored electrodes for arc welding

GB/T 10858—2008铝及铝合金焊丝

Aluminium and aluminium alloy wires and rods

(ISO18273:2004，Weldingconsumables—Wireelectrodes，wires and rods for welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys—Classification，MOD)

GB/T 12470—2003埋弧焊用低合金钢焊丝和焊剂

Low－alloy steel electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding

GB/T 13814—2008镍及镍合金焊条

Nickel and nickel alloy covered welding electrodes

(ISO 14172:2003，Welding consumables—Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys—Classification，MOD)

GB/T 15620—2008镍及镍合金焊丝

Nickel and Nickel alloy wires and rodes

(ISO 18274:2004，Welding Consumables—Wire and strip electrodes，wires and rods for arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys—Classification，MOD)

GB/T 17493—2008低合金钢药芯焊丝

Low alloy steel flux cored electrodes for arc welding

GB/T 17853—1999不锈钢药芯焊丝

Stainless steel flux cored wires

GB/T 17854—1999埋弧焊用不锈钢焊丝及焊剂

Stainless steel electrodes and fluxs for submerged arc welding

GB/T 25775—2010焊接材料供货技术条件 产品类型、尺寸、公差和标志

Technical delivery conditions for welding consumables—Type of product dimensions tolerances and markings

(ISO 544:2003，Welding consumables—Technical delivery conditions for welding filler materials—Type of product，dimensions，tolerances and markings，MOD)

GB/T 25776—2010焊接材料焊接工艺性能评定方法

Qualification methods of welding procedure for welding consumables

GB/T 25777—2010焊接材料熔敷金属化学分析试样制备方法

Preparation methods of deposited metal specimens for chemical analysis(ISO 6847:2000，Welding consumables—Deposition of a weld metal pad for chemical analysis，IDT)

GB/T 25778—2010焊接材料采购指南

Procurement guidelines for welding consumables

(ISO 14344:2010，Welding and allied processes—Flux and gas shielded electrical welding processes—Procurement guidelines for consumables，MOD)

GB/T 29713—2013不锈钢焊丝和焊带

Wire electrodes，strip electrodes，wires and rods for arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels(ISO 14343:2009，Welding consumables—Wire electrodes，strip electrodes wires and rods for arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels—Classification，MOD)

(未完待续)