韩 姬,王 玲,刘伟仙,孙宏亮,蔡 维
·专题研究·
康柏西普玻璃体腔注射对糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力的影响
韩 姬,王 玲,刘伟仙,孙宏亮,蔡 维
目的 探讨康柏西普玻璃体腔注射治疗糖尿病视网膜病变对于视力的影响。方法 选取2014年2—6月在海南医学院附属医院进行诊治的糖尿病视网膜病变患者72例(72眼),根据随机数字表法将其分为治疗组和对照组,各36例。患者均给予玻璃体腔一次性注射药物治疗,对照组注射曲安奈德0.1 ml,治疗组注射康柏西普0.1 ml。在治疗前及治疗后1、3个月采用标准视力表对患者进行最佳矫正视力(BCVA)检查;在治疗前及治疗后1个月进行光相干断层扫描(OCT)检测视网膜厚度;在治疗前及治疗后1个月进行多焦视网膜电流图(mfERG)检查分析N1波(第1个负波)潜伏期的变化期间;记录治疗后1个月内出现的并发症,包括前房炎性反应、角膜水肿、高眼压等;在治疗后3个月采用中文版低视力者生活质量量表(CLVOOL)对患者进行生活质量的调查。结果 两组不同时间BCVA比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较显示:治疗组治疗后3个月BCVA高于对照组(P<0.05);组内比较显示:两组在治疗后1、3个月BCVA均高于治疗前(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组视网膜厚度、N1波潜伏期比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组治疗后1个月视网膜厚度低于对照组,N1波潜伏期短于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组与对照组在治疗后1个月视网膜厚度低于治疗前,N1波潜伏期短于治疗前(P<0.05)。在治疗后1个月,治疗组前房炎性反应、角膜水肿、高眼压并发症发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后3个月,治疗组自理能力、活动能力、社交与心理评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 康柏西普玻璃体腔注射治疗糖尿病视网膜病变能有效改善视网膜功能,安全性更好,从而有利于视力的快速恢复,提高生活质量。
康柏西普;玻璃体内注射;糖尿病视网膜病变;视力;曲安奈德
韩姬,王玲,刘伟仙,等.康柏西普玻璃体腔注射对糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力的影响[J].中国全科医学,2015,18(5):502-506.[www.chinagp.net]
Han J,Wang L,Liu WX,et al.Effects of compaq sipp intravitreal injection on visual acuity of diabetic retinopathy[J].Chinese General Practice,2015,18(5):502-506.
随着我国老年人口的增加,我国糖尿病视网膜病变的发病率逐年升高,其中老年人群发病率约为8.0%[1]。糖尿病视网膜病变在临床上主要表现为退行性视力损伤,包括视物模糊、视力下降等。持续发病则会引起视细胞凋亡、视网膜纤维化而导致永久性视力丧失[2]。在治疗中,玻璃体手术的应用比较多,其安全性高,对周围组织的损伤较低。但是,有调查显示,玻璃体手术治疗后的视力恢复并不理想,大部分患者视力低于治疗前,对患者的康复有严重的负面影响[3]。常规药物治疗主要包括抗凝与抗血小板聚集治疗,但目前发现此种疗法并不能减轻糖尿病视网膜病变的症状及发生率,且很有可能加重视网膜出血[4]。随着医学技术的发展,玻璃体腔内给药克服了血-眼屏障,药物长时间直接作用于病变处,眼内局部高浓度,从而有利于预后疗效的提高[5]。而曲安奈德是一种长效的糖皮质激素衍生物,其可以稳固血视网膜屏障,降低内皮细胞通透性,从而发挥治疗效果[6]。康柏西普是用生物工程技术生产的100%人源化重组融合蛋白,能特异性地结合抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF),从而达到治疗新生血管相关眼底疾病的目的[7-8]。其具有多靶点、亲和力强、作用时间长等特点,患者药物依赖性弱,费用也相对便宜,但其对糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力影响与安全性报道较少。本研究旨在探讨康柏西普玻璃体腔注射治疗糖尿病视网膜病变对于视力的影响,以指导康柏西普的临床应用。
1.1 纳入与排除标准 纳入标准:(1)患眼最佳矫正视力(best correct visual acuity,BCVA)<0.1,无全盲;(2)单眼发病;(3)经眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)确诊为糖尿病视网膜病变;(4)年龄20~80岁;(5)存在相对性传入性瞳孔障碍。排除标准:(1)合并青光眼者;(2)因眼部疾病接受过其他眼底手术治疗者;(3)治疗期间出现大面积的玻璃体积血、机化、增殖、牵拉性视网膜脱离,需手术治疗者;(4)合并严重心肺疾病者;(5)妊娠期或哺乳期妇女、严重过敏体质及肾脏疾病者。
1.3 治疗方法 患者均给予玻璃体腔一次性注射药物治疗,对照组注射曲安奈德(昆明积大药业)0.1 ml,治疗组注射康柏西普(康弘药业)0.1 ml,表面麻醉,常规眼部消毒,开睑器开睑,距角膜缘约4 mm平坦部进针,用30号针头向球心方向刺入眼内深达4 mm,仔细确保针尖位于玻璃体腔内。退针后立刻用棉棒压迫针眼片刻,先嘱患者平卧位1~2 h使药物充分作用于后极部视网膜,后再嘱其取半坐位,睡眠时取侧卧位以避免药物影响视力检查。
1.4 观察指标 (1)视力检查:在治疗前及治疗后1、3个月采用标准视力表进行BCVA检查;(2)光相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)视网膜厚度检测:在治疗前及治疗后1个月采用德国Heidelberg光学相干断层扫描仪进行视网膜厚度测量,扫描方式选择通过中心凹的水平及垂直方向线性扫描,选择清晰及典型图像储存于计算机内,利用OCT仪器自带图像分析系统进行定量测量;(3)视网膜功能分析:在治疗前及治疗后1个月进行多焦视网膜电流图(mfERG)检查分析视网膜功能,分析N1波(第1个负波)潜伏期的变化期间,潜伏期是以刺激开始至该波起始时间;(4)并发症情况:观察患者治疗后1个月内出现的并发症情况,包括前房炎性反应、角膜水肿、高眼压等。(5)生活质量调查:在治疗后3个月采用中文版低视力者生活质量量表(CLVOOL)对患者进行调查,CLVOOL量表Cronbach′s α为0.97,包括自理能力、活动能力、社交与心理4个维度,每个维度评分为40~80分,分数越高,生活质量越高。
2.1 两组BCVA比较 两组不同时间BCVA比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较显示:治疗组治疗后3个月BCVA高于对照组(P<0.05);组内比较显示:两组在治疗后1、3个月BCVA均高于治疗前(P<0.05,见表1)。
表1 两组不同时间BCVA比较
注:与对照组比较,*P<0.05;与同组治疗前比较,△P<0.05
2.2 两组视网膜厚度比较 治疗前,两组视网膜厚度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组治疗后1个月视网膜厚度低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组与对照组在治疗后1个月视网膜厚度均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表2)。
Table2Comparisonofretinalthicknessbetweenthetwogroupsbeforeandaftertreatment
组别例数治疗前治疗后1个月t值P值对照组368049±13383330±68312903<005治疗组368034±12941739±78119388<005t值00896342P值>005<005
2.3 两组视网膜功能N1波潜伏期比较 两组治疗前N1波潜伏期比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后1个月治疗组N1波潜伏期短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组与对照组在治疗后1个月N1波潜伏期均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表3)。
2.4 两组并发症发生情况比较 在治疗后1个月,治疗组前房炎性反应、角膜水肿、高眼压并发症发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表4)。
Table3ComparisonofN1wavelatencybetweenthetwogroupsbeforeandaftertreatment
组别例数治疗前治疗后1个月t值P值对照组361891±4091598±38911234<005治疗组361893±4131478±40018384<005t值00786982P值>005<005
表4 两组治疗后并发症发生情况比较〔n(%)〕
Table 4 Comparison of complications between the two groups after treatment
组别例数前房炎性反应角膜水肿高眼压对照组366(167)3(83)5(139)治疗组362(56)0 1(28)χ2值427869827002P值<005<005<005
2.5 两组生活质量评分比较 治疗后3个月,治疗组自理能力、活动能力、社交与心理评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表5)。
Table5Comparisonofqualityoflifescoresbetweenthetwogroupsaftertreatment
组别例数自理能力活动能力社交心理对照组36708±62543±53589±90352±70治疗组36793±50704±48694±102534±66t值710315983835316091P值<005<005<005<005
糖尿病视网膜病变是全球三大致盲病种之一,该病发病比较缓慢,加之多数患者对此病缺乏正确认知,易延误最佳治疗时机,带来不可逆的后果[8]。影响糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力预后的主要并发症为黄斑水肿,也伴随一定的毛细血管渗漏,并且多数患者视网膜病变后仍残留黄斑水肿,明显影响了视力预后。现代研究显示,多种致病因素造成视网膜局部环境的改变,导致异常新生血管形成,但是主要因素仍为VEGF升高[9]。
手术治疗主要针对减轻视网膜静脉回流障碍,减轻黄斑水肿,消除视网膜牵拉,预防或延缓新生血管性青光眼的发生等,但是眼部手术的操作难度较大,危险性较高,当前应用较少[10]。同时本研究入选患者就诊时眼底病变已属较严重的增殖期病变,玻璃体积血严重,最佳矫正视力较低,无法进行激光光凝治疗,为此也为玻璃体腔注射治疗创造了条件。常见的药物为注射曲安奈德,其可以通过抑制磷脂酶A2进而抑制前列腺素生成;减少炎性因子对视网膜的损害;在短期内能明显提高视力和有效减轻黄斑水肿[11]。康柏西普是用生物工程技术生产的重组VEGF受体,能特异性地结合VEGF,通过抑制VEGF及其受体的信号传递过程达到抑制新生血管的目的,从而有效发挥治疗效果。本研究结果显示,两组治疗后1个月与治疗后3个月视力均明显高于治疗前,表明两种药物对于提高患者的近期视力均有较好的效果。
在糖尿病视网膜病变的临床检测中,mfERG与OCT由于较传统视觉电生理有其独到之处,当前广泛地被运用到临床和基础研究领域[12],通过N1波潜伏期、视网膜厚度的检测观察,能够对视网膜功能进行评价和分析。基础实验研究表明,康柏西普眼用注射液包含了VEGFR-2(KDR)中的Ig样区域4,能够有效地改善三维结构和增加二聚作用,也可能在配体介导的受体单体二聚作用及稳定受体配体复合物方面发挥重要作用[13-14]。本研究结果显示,治疗前两组视网膜厚度与N1波潜伏期比较无差异,治疗后视网膜厚度与N1波潜伏期均较治疗前降低,且治疗后治疗组的视网膜厚度与N1波潜伏期明显低于对照组。也证实了mfERG与OCT对视网膜功能的评估是准确客观的,具有极高的临床应用价值。
玻璃体腔注射治疗眼部疾病的并发症主要有眼压升高、眼前段炎性反应、角膜水肿等[15]。本研究结果显示,治疗组治疗后的前房炎性反应、角膜水肿、高眼压并发症发生率明显低于对照组。前房炎性反应与角膜水肿主要表现为角膜后沉着物,前房下方见色素团块,降低药物剂量可使炎性反应消失。眼压升高可能与外伤导致房角关闭、药物过量使用等因素有关,也表明康柏西普的应用具有更好的安全性。
最新的康柏西普Ⅲ期临床试验结果表明,在疗效方面,康柏西普初始3个月给药1次/月,绝大部分视网膜病变患者的视力得到明显提高[16-17]。本研究结果显示,治疗组治疗后3个月的视力明显高于对照组,也表明康柏西普的应用药效更加持久,主要在于其有更强的VEGF亲和力和更好的药动学特征[18]。视功能的恢复是一个相对缓慢的过程,同时患者面对急性起病过程及治疗后恢复过程和生活情况,心理也存在很大压力[19]。玻璃体腔注射康柏西普是一种直接将药物与病变部位视网膜接触的方法,药物可直接到达眼后节,使眼内药物浓度达到较高水平[20-22]。本研究在治疗后3个月进行调查,结果显示,治疗组自理能力、活动能力、社交与心理评分均明显高于对照组,表明视力的更好恢复有利于生活质量的提高。
总之,康柏西普玻璃体腔注射治疗糖尿病视网膜病变能更加有效地改善视网膜功能,安全性更好,从而有利于视力的快速恢复,提高生活质量。
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(本文编辑:贾萌萌)
·世界全科医学工作瞭望·
Effects of Compaq Sipp Intravitreal Injection on Visual Acuity of Diabetic Retinopathy
HANJi,WANGLing,LIUWei-xian,etal.
DepartmentofOphthalmology,theAffiliatedHospitalofHainanMedicalUniversity,Haikou570102,China
Objective To investigate the effects of Compaq Sipp intravitreal injection on the visual acuity of diabetic retinopathy.Methods 72 patients(72 eyes)with diabetic retinopathy treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from February to June,2014 were selected and equally divided into treatment group 36 cases and control group 36 cases be means of random number table.All patients were given a single injection in vitreous cavity:the control group were given Triamcinolone Acetonide in 0.1 ml,and the treatment group were given Compaq Sipp in 0.1 ml.This study checked all patients′ the best-corrected visual acuity by standard visual acuity chart before treatment,1 month and 3 months after treatment,examined the retinal thickness by optic coherence tomography(OCT)before treatment and 1 month after treatment,measured and analyzed the variance range of the implicit time of N1 wave(the first negative wave)by multifocal electroretinogram(mfERG)before treatment and 1 month after treatment,recorded the incidence of complications appeared within the firth month after treatment including anterior chamber inflammation,cornea edema and ocular hypertension and investigated the patients about their life quality by CLVOOL 3 months after treatment.Results The BCVA at different time was significantly different between the two group(P<0.05);inter-group comparison showed that the BCVA in treatment group was higher than that in control 3 months after treatment(P<0.05)and intra-group comparison showed that 1 month and 3 months after treatment,the BCVA of both groups were all higher than before(P<0.05).The retinal thickness and N1 latency before treatment between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05);1 month after treatment,the retinal thickness of the treatment group was lower and N1 latencies were shorter than those of control group(P<0.05)and in both groups the retinal thickness was lower and N1 latencies was shorter than those before treatment(P<0.05).The incidences of the complications of anterior chamber inflammation reaction,corneal edema,ocular hypertension of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).After 3 months′treatment,the living,mobility,social and psychological scores of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control(P<0.05).Conclusion Compaq Sipp intravitreal injection treating diabetic retinopathy can effectively improve retinal function and have better security,thus it contributes to the rapid recovery of the vision and the improvement of patients′ life quality.
Compaq sipp;Intravitreal injections;Diabetic retinopathy;Vision;Triamcinolone acetonide
湖北省教育厅课题(B20122417)——Avastin对缺氧视网膜Muller细胞水通道蛋白4表达的影响
570102 海南省海口市,海南医学院附属医院眼科(韩姬,王玲,刘伟仙,孙宏亮);湖北医药学院(蔡维)
R 587.26
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2015.05.005
2014-11-09;
2015-01-05)