重视高考新题型，提高“读写”真水平

读写任务型的书面表达是我们江苏的新题型。它主要是先阅读短文，然后概括全文，最后按要求完成写作任务。

首先是如何概括。第一要看清楚文章的结构，设法反映出原文中作者的观点。第二要具有意义筛选的能力，学会区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。第三要有用英文解释英文的能力，用自己简单的语言解释比较复杂的语言文字，不能抄袭原文。

读写任务的写作内容一般分为两个部分，即写作内容（1）为概括短文要点，还有写作内容（2） 则是就某个主题发表看法。然而，绝大部分的考生会忽略了写作内容（2）对写作内容（1）的导航作用，而一头扎进了阅读材料直接去阅读文章得出要点。事实上，所谓“读写任务”其实是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景，同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。故希望大家在概括文章时，可考虑命题人提供的写作内容（2）的导航作用，因为它能够帮助大家更快地提高捕捉文章要点的速度与准确性。

记住概括的标准是：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。

标准的概括采用的第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的，这句话的质量决定了概括的成败。后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，凡是意义在主题之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除。

概括的写作步骤：1.首先确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合，寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。2.重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。3.重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。

接下来按要求来写后三段，包括自己的看法等。下面看读写任务写作技巧。

细读文章，把握大意，精准转述。准确地把握阅读材料的结构和思路，了解作者的观点和意图是转述好原材料的必要途径。一般情况下，文章体裁不同，概括大意的方法也不同。

对于故事性、记叙性的文体，其要点涣散，有可能遍布文章每一角落。因此，我们在概括时应抓住两个要点：1.找出文中的时间、地点、人物、事件（过程），原因、结果（影响、感悟、启发、启迪、结论）;2.找出文中、段中的主题句。学生结合这两个要点，用自己的语言，把文章内容介绍清楚，做到言简意赅。

实战演练

A

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Should China Encourage Private Cars？

With the living standards rising rapidly， more and more Chinese people can afford cars. But the increase of private cars produces unfavorable effects in many aspects. I think private cars should not be encouraged in China.

Private cars have to be restricted in China. To begin with， the sharp increase of private cars worsens the already terrible traffic situation in China. China has the largest population in the world. The number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than building roads. Mass transportation vehicles are more suitable means to solve the traffic problems in China. However， more traffic jams will happen， which is really a public hazard to all of us. The number of private cars in urban areas should be limited while the number of buses should be increased. Secondly， private cars contribute to air pollution. A lot of big cities in China are now plagued by serious air pollution. If people are to have cars of their own; the already contaminated atmosphere will get even dirtier. Finally， more and more traffic accidents occur due to poor driving skills of inexperienced private car owners.

In short， China should not encourage private cars. As far as the great demand for means of transport is concerned， we can develop mass transportation system to take the place of private cars.

参考范文：

This paper tries to explain the reasons to limit the number of private cars.More private cars may cause heavier traffic jams， more serious air pollution and more serious traffic accidents.

I usually travel on foot or by bus， with which Im not satisfied because it takes me too much time. Personally， I agree to increase private cars. First， owning private cars is a demand from the Chinese people， who are getting richer day by day. Second， private cars are a symbol of a countrys modernization. However， I dont take environmental protection as a valid reason to limit the development of private cars. We can solve this problem by using science and technology. For example， we can run cars with green fuels， and also improve public transportation systems for more efficient service. In my opinion， the factor that counts should be peoples demand of cars.

B

Honesty is one of the most treasured traditional values in China. The children are taught to be honest when they are very young. At schools the students are also instructed to be honest.

However， with the development of society， we often hear complaints about dishonesty. Reports with the theme of dishonesty often appear in the media. For example， some people try to get rich and live a comfortable life. But they do not work hard honestly， instead they cheat others. They sell something quite ordinary at a very high price. Some peoples delaying paying back the loan can serve as another example. Some people， including some college students， get loan from the bank， and promise to pay within， say， 3 years. However， they dont do that.

The dishonest people sometimes can get benefit from their behaviors. So some people assert that dishonesty can bring people benefit， while honesty only makes people suffer. Is that so？ Definitely not. It is always true that honesty is the best policy. It pays to be honest. The cheater selling “the treasure” mentioned above will surely be disclosed and punished some day.

On the contrary， if he had been honest， neither the buyer nor he himself would have suffered. The people who do not return money in time will sooner or later become infamous， and will not get the money from others again. If he had acted differently， he would have earned respect and trust， meanwhile， the bank would not have suffered from loss.

[写作内容]

1. 以约30个词概括短文的要点。

2. 然后以约120个词就“诚实“的主题发表看法，并包括以下要点：

（1） 你对不诚实现象的看法;

（2） 诚实的重要性是什么;

（3） 作为中学生，该如何做一个诚实的人。

范文：

The passage mainly tells us that nowadays many people are dishonest for their own benefit. Because not only do they neglect our traditional values， but also they want to escape being punished.

Dishonesty does great harm to our society. It can destroy our good relationship with others， bringing lots of unstable factors to the society. Sometimes， it may even affect peoples health.

Why should we be honest？ Firstly， being honest is one of Chinese traditional virtues which we should carry forward. Secondly， friendship is based on honesty. Seeing that the honest person is reliable， most of the people are willing to make friends with them. Thirdly， honesty is very important for us to build a harmonious society and realize our spiritual civilization.

As students， we should act honestly every day and never cheat others， including cheat in exams. Besides， we should help those who are dishonest correct their mistakes. Only in this way can we win respect from others.

（作者：孙志洋，启东市东南中学 ）