“福尔摩斯”破题

武兵

在英语阅读理解中，推理判断题属于主观题，包括推理题和判断题，是层次较高的题型。推判断题最能体现考生的英语综合运用能力，也是阅读理解中占比例较大的一种题型。现根据历年的高考题，归纳一些解题方法，希望对考生备考有所裨益。

锁定关键词

（2013年江苏卷）Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end， he and his colleagues traveled the worlds natural-history museums， looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

The purpose of Rothschilds study is to see_______ .

A.how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends

B.how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression

C.why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies

D.when ichthyosaurs broke their bones

分析：题干的关键词是Rothschilds study，根据to

find out how widespread the problem was in the past 和to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression 可知答案为B。其他选项与Rothschilds study没有关系。

1.根据题干的关键词定位推理依据的范围，并利用语法、词汇、语境等线索，理清上下文的逻辑关系。

2.有时候正确选项在文中没有明确提及，而是从文章引申出来的含义或归纳全文得出的结论。

以文章事实为依托

（2013年江苏卷）I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions， Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.

How do Twains novels on slavery differ from Stowes？（ ）

A.Twain was more willing to deal with racism.

B.Twains attack on racism was much less open.

C.Twains themes seemed to agree with plots.

D.Twain was openly concerned with racism.

分析：根据Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely可以知道马克·吐温是在谈及其他事情中提及对奴隶制的偏见和攻击，他的早期小说则是直接攻击奴隶制（dealt directly with slavery）。因此B项说他的小说对种族主义的攻击非常不明显是恰当的。A项文中没有提及。C项与题干无关，答非所问。D项文章没有提及。

考生不可脱离原文，仅凭个人的主观看法就认为答案是对的。例如有的考生认为答案符合常理或自然规律就是正确的，其实不然。

注意作者的态度、思想倾向和感情色彩

（2014年江苏卷）Before I was two， I was adopted by an Anglo couple. Fed three square meals a day， I grew like a wild weed and grasped all the opportunities they had to offer—books， music， education， church life and community activities. In a family of blue-eyed blonds， though， I stood out like a sore thumb. Whether from jealousy or fear of someone who looked so different， my older brothers sometimes teased me about my unpleasing skin， or made fun of my clumsy walk. Moody and impatient， burdened by fears that none of us realized resulted from my early years of need， I was not an easy child to love. My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years， but gradually came to see one another as real human beings with faults and talents， and as women of strength in our own right. Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me， I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own. The Asian American community has helped me regain my double identity.

What can be inferred from Mummy's Anglo family life？（ ）

A.She used to experience an identity crisis.

B.She fought against her American identity.

C.She forgot the pains of her early years.

D.She kept her love for Asia from childhood.

分析：根据I was not an easy child to love和倒数第二句Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me， I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own可知作者因为不知道自己的身世而感到困惑，即她经历了身份认同危机。故A项正确。

1. 留意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词和副词。

2. 要特别注意那些描写环境和气氛的词语，体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，悟出作者的弦外之音。

3. 了解英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景。

把握写作思路 ，合理推测

（2014年辽宁卷）The company spent millions of do-llars developing programmes of study to train employees on self?control.Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workerslives.Those courses are，in part，why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.

What can we infer from the passage？（ ）

A.G&G has grown into a large company.

B.G&G will spend half its profits training employees.

C.G&G may become more successful in the future.

D.G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.

分析：根据文章第二句可知， willpower成为员工的生活习惯，由此可以推测，公司在将来可能会更加成功。故C项正确。

这类题目的答案一般不会直接呈现在文章里，所以考生要把握作者的写作思路，如事件的发展经过、因果关系、对比关系等。