孟晓华++董科(等)
[摘要] 目的 观察单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)模型大鼠在双环醇的干预下,肝细胞生长因子(HGF)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达的动态变化,探讨双环醇延缓肾间质纤维化的可能机制。 方法 将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组、模型组、双环醇组,每组各20只,建立单侧输尿管梗阻模型。双环醇组于术前2 d给予双环醇[200 mg/(kg·d)]灌胃,假手术组、模型组给予等量自来水灌胃。每组分别在术后3、6、9、14 d时随机处死5只大鼠并取左侧肾组织,行HE染色观察肾组织病理变化,免疫组织化学染色观察HGF、TGF-β1蛋白的表达,RT-PCR法检测肾组织HGF mRNA的表达水平。 结果 模型组中HGF蛋白及mRNA表达均呈现早期升高后期降低的趋势,在第6天表达量最高,随后逐渐下降,表达量在术后3、9、14 d与术后6 d比较差异有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01)。而TGF-β1蛋白的表达量呈现随梗阻时间延长逐渐升高趋势,术后3、6、9 d与术后14 d比较,差异有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01)。在相同时间点,双环醇组与模型组相比,HGF蛋白及mRNA表达量显著升高,差异有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01),而TGF-β1蛋白表达量显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。 结论 双环醇通过上调HGF及下调TGF-β1的表达而发挥缓解肾间质纤维化的作用。
[关键词] 肝细胞生长因子;双环醇;肾间质纤维化;转化生长因子-β1
[中图分类号] R692.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2014)10(b)-0015-05
Intervention effect of bicyclol for rats with renal interstitial fibrosis
MENG Xiaohua DONG Ke XU Shichan FENG Xiaoming TIAN Xiao SHI Guohui
Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, Hebei Province, Tangshan 063000, China
[Abstract] Objective To observe the dynamic change of hepatocyte HGF and TGF-β1 of UUO rats intervened by bicyclol, in order to discuss the possible mechanism of renal interstitial fibrosis delayed by bicyclol. Methods 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (SOR), UUO model group and bicyclol-treated group (BIC), each group had 20 rats. Through ligating the left ureter, the unilateral ureteral obstructive rat model was established. 2 days before surgery, the rats in bicyclol-treated group were administed with bicyclol [200 mg/(kg·d)]. Rats in the sham-operated group and the model group were administed with tap water. Rats were sacrificed after the surgery for 3, 6, 9 and 14 days. The left kidney was taken. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of HGF mRNA in renal tissue. The expression of HGF and TGF-β1 protein were measured by immunohistochemistry. HE stain was used to examine the area of pathological changes. Results In model group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of HGF increased markedly on day 3 and reached its peak value on day 6 after the surgery, then slowly fallen down, and the expression levels on day 6 were significantly different between on day 3, 9, 14 after the surgery, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). However, the protein expression levels of TGF-β1 increased with extension of obstruction, and the expression levels on day 14 were significantly different from on day 3, 6, 9 after the surgery, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). At each research point, the mRNA and protein expression levels of HGF were significantly higher in the bicyclol-treated group than those in the model group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The protein expression level of TGF-β1 was significantly lower in the bicyclol-treated group than that in the model group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion Bicyclol can alleviate the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis through increasing the expression of HGF and decreasing the expression of TGF-β1.
[Key words] Hepatocyte growth factor; Bicyclol; Renal interstitial fibrosis; TGF-β1
无论肾小球疾病还是肾间质病变,其终极归宿均为间质纤维化,终将进展为慢性肾功能衰竭,患者需终生依赖肾脏替代治疗。寻找可能延缓、改善肾间质纤维化的药物是当今研究的热点。双环醇是目前应用在肝炎领域的国家Ⅰ类新药,已有研究表明,双环醇可以抑制肝纤维化的发生、发展[1-2]。因为肾间质纤维化同肝纤维化的发生机制基本相同,所以本研究应用双环醇干预单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠,动态观察其对肝细胞生长因子(HGF)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达的影响,研究双环醇是否对肾间质纤维化同样具有抑制作用及其可能的机制。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
清洁级雄性SD大鼠60只(由河北联合大学实验动物中心提供),体重180~220 g。双环醇由北京协和药厂生产(生产批号111122);Trizol试剂Invitrogen公司生产,购自华美生物工程公司;AMV Reverse Transcriptase、4×dNTP、Rasine、Radom primer均为Promega公司生产,购自华美生物工程公司;Taq DNA聚合酶购自北京赛百盛生物工程公司;引物由上海生物工程有限公司合成,HGF引物1:5′-GAGCCAGACGCTAGCAAGTT-3′,引物2:5′-AATCTGAGCCTTCAGGTCCAT-3′;β-actin引物1:5′-GCCATGTACGTAAGCCATCCA-3′,引物2:5′-GAACCGCTCATTGCCGATAG-3′;兔抗大鼠HGF多克隆抗体、兔抗大鼠TGF-β1多克隆抗体、SP系列试剂盒购自Boster公司;琼脂糖、Marker 100 bp购自鼎国生物工程公司。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 动物分组、UUO模型的建立及标本收集 将60只大鼠随机分为3组(每组各20只):假手术组、模型组、双环醇组。将大鼠用2%戊巴比妥钠(30 mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉,仰卧位固定,取下腹部正中切口,经腹腔在左后腹壁分离沿肾门下行的左输尿管,在其上1/3处结扎并切断,使左肾完全梗阻。假手术组仅游离左侧输尿管,但不结扎和剪断。双环醇组于术前2 d给予双环醇200 mg/(kg·d)[3]灌胃,假手术组、模型组给予等量自来水灌胃。各组分别在术后3、6、9、14 d随机处死5只大鼠,迅速切取左肾,一部分立即置于液氮中冷冻保存,用于提取组织RNA,剩余部分用10%福尔马林固定用于HE染色及免疫组织化学染色。
1.2.2 常规病理学检查(HE染色) HE染色后在真彩医学图像系统下计算肾间质病变相对面积。每张切片在高倍镜(200×)下分别选取10个不重叠视野,计算视窗内肾间质病变面积占1个视野的面积百分比,取平均值。再由2名观察者进行独立双盲观察切片中肾小管间质的病变程度。根据Banff分级[4]对病变程度进行评定。
1.2.3 免疫组织化学染色 采用SP法免疫组化染色检测肾组织HGF、TGF-β1的表达,操作步骤按照说明书进行。光镜下阳性反应部位呈棕黄色。通过光学显微镜摄入图像,放大400倍,随机选取20个互不重叠视野,由2名观察者进行独立双盲观察。以阳性细胞的百分率及阳性细胞染色强度的乘积进行评分。染色强度以多数细胞呈现的染色特性(染色深浅需与背景着色相对比)计分:无着色为0分,淡黄色为1分,棕黄色为2分,棕褐色为3分。阳性细胞百分率:0~5%为0分,6%~25%为1分,26%~50%为2分,51%~75%为3分,>75%为4分[5]。
1.2.4 反转录PCR(RT-PCR) Trizol法提取各组肾组织总RNA,行纯度、含量、完整性的鉴定后逆转录扩增cDNA。以cDNA为模板,根据Genebank提供的上下游引物,PCR扩增mRNA。扩增条件:94℃ 5 min;94℃ 45 s、48℃ 30 s、72℃ 30 s,32个循环;72℃ 5 min,4℃保存。PCR产物行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,并在紫外光下采集图像进行分析。HGF的相对表达量为特定性扩增产物HGF电泳带与β-actin电泳带峰面积积分值之比。
1.3 统计学方法
应用SPSS 17.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料数据用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验,以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 肾小管间质的病理改变
HE染色光镜切片示:假手术组各时期肾小球肾小管间质结构未见异常。模型组术后3 d可见肾小管稍有扩张,肾间质明显水肿,少量炎性细胞浸润。随着梗阻时间延长,肾小管管腔明显扩张,肾小管上皮细胞逐渐坏死、脱落,间质中大量炎性细胞浸润。术后14 d肾小管结构严重毁损,管腔塌陷,大量肾小管上皮细胞死亡。模型组各时间点之间病变面积差异有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01)。相同时间点下,双环醇组病变面积显著低于模型组(P < 0.01)。见表1、图1。
表1 各组大鼠肾间质病变范围(%,x±s)
注:与同组术后3 d比较,aP < 0.01;与同组术后6 d比较,bP < 0.01;与同组术后9 d比较,cP < 0.01;与模型组比较,▼P < 0.01
2.2 免疫组化染色结果
2.2.1 HGF染色 假手术组中HGF仅在肾小管上皮细胞及小管周围细胞有微量表达,各时间点间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。模型组HGF的表达位置与假手术组基本一致,表达量呈现早期升高、后期降低的趋势,术后3、9、14 d与术后6 d相比,差异有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01)。在相同时间点,双环醇组与模型组相比,表达量有显著升高(P < 0.01)。见表2、图2(封三)。