任小强 张建国 辛士永 程涛
[摘要] 目的 研究miR-218在肾透明细胞癌中的表达及其与临床病理之间的关系。方法 收集2012年3月—2013年5月间在该院就诊的46例病理确诊为肾透明细胞癌组织和30例癌旁≥3.0 cm正常肾组织作为对照组,采用Realtime PCR方法检测microRNA-218在肾透明细胞癌组织和癌旁≥3.0 cm正常肾组织的表达,分析microRNA-218表达水平与肾透明细胞癌临床病理参数之间的关系。结果 与对照组癌旁正常肾组织相比, miR-218在肾透明细胞癌组织的的表达明显降低 (P<0.001)。同时, miR-218表达的降低与肿瘤的分期,转移和分化程度有密切关系。miR-218的表达与患者的年龄, 性别, 肿瘤位置及肿瘤大小无明显统计学意义。但是, miR-218的表达与肿瘤的转移(P=0.007), 肿瘤的 T分期 (P=0.022) 及肿瘤的分级 (P=0.015)有统计学意义。结论 miR-218在肾透明细胞癌中和肿瘤分期、分化、转移有着很大的相关性。miR-218在肾透明细胞癌组织呈下调表达,其可能成为肾细胞癌新的潜在的治疗靶点及诊断预后的分子标志物。
[关键词] 肾透明细胞癌(RCCC); miR-218; 侵袭; 转移
[中图分类号] R737.11 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2014)04(b)-0020-02
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the expression of miR-218 in renal clear cell carcinoma and its relationship with clinical pathology. Methods The renal clear cell carcinoma tissue of 46 cases of patients diagnosed with renal clear cell carcinoma in our hospital from March, 2012 to May, 2013 were selected and 30 cases of normal renal tissues ≥ 3.0cm adjacent to carcinoma as the control group. Realtime PCR method was used to detect the expression of microRNA-218 in renal clear cell carcinoma tissue and normal renal tissue ≥ 3.0cm adjacent to carcinoma. The relationship between the expression of microRNA-218 and renal clear cell carcinoma clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Results Compared with the control tissues, miR-218 expression in the RCCC tissues was significantly lower (P<0.001). Moreover, low miR-218 was closely associated with the stage, metastasis, and the grade of the tumor. The expression of miR-218 with the patient's age and gender, tumor location and tumor size had no statistical significance. But the expression of miR-218 with the tumor metastasis (P=0.007), tumor T staging (P=0.022) and tumor grade (P=0.015), had statistical significance. Conclusion MiR-218 was strongly correlated to RCCC stage, tumor grade, tumor metastasis. MiR-218 was low express in the tissues of RCCC,it may be used as a potential therapeutic target,a diagnostic biomarker and a prognostic predictor in patients with RCCC in future.
[Key words] Renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC); miR-218; Invasion; Metastasis 随着目前分子生物学技术的突飞猛进以及对恶性肿瘤发生的细胞分子水平研究的深入,从基因水平寻找肾癌防治的新途径成为研究的热点。MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是在真核生物中发现的一类内源性的具有调控功能的非编码RNA,其大小长约20~25个核苷酸。最近的研究[1]表明miRNA参与各种各样的调节途径,包括发育、病毒防御、造血过程、器官形成、细胞增殖和凋亡等。miRNA在多种肿瘤中存在表达异常,可以发挥癌基因或抑癌基因作用,它已经显示出能抑制某些重要肿瘤相关基因表达,在肿瘤发生、发展、预后中扮演十分重要的角色[2]。目前有关miR-218的研究报道不多,miR-218参与了很多肿瘤的发生、发展。该研究于2012年3月—2013年5月间通过检测microRNA-218在肾透明细胞癌组织中的表达,分析其与临床病理之间的关系,探讨miR-218对肾透明细胞癌组织的影响,从而初步揭示miR-218在肾透明细胞癌中的生物学功能。报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 标本收集
收集河南科技大学第一附属医院的46例肾细胞癌癌组织及30例癌旁≥3.0 cm正常肾组织作为对照组。所有组织标本均经病理学诊断确认为肾细胞癌。其中肾细胞癌中,低分化11例,中分化17例,高分化18例,根据TNM分期,临床Ⅰ期21例, 临床Ⅱ期13例,临床Ⅲ期8例 临床Ⅳ期4例 ,有淋巴结转移的14例,无淋巴结转移的32例,患者年龄28~80岁,平均年龄53.6岁 ,其中男性31例,女性15例。
1.2 RNA提取和 qRT-PCR
选用美国Invotrogen公司的RNA提取试剂盒,抽提组织总RNA。用紫外分光光度计于 260 和280 nm 波长处测定 RNA 提取液的吸光度(D)值,检测 RNA 纯度和浓度。用Invitrogen公司NCode miRNA First-Strand cDNA Synthesis 和 qRT-PCR Kits进行加PolyA尾巴和反转录。操作程序为将消化后RNA 10 μL 、5×反转录缓冲液 4 μL、25 mmol/LMnCl2 2 μL、2 mmol/L ATP 1 μL、Poly A Polymerase 0.4μL、用DEPC 处理后的无酶水补至 20 μL,放置37 ℃15 min, 再取加Poly A后RNA 8 μL、Annealing Buffer 1 μL、 Universal RT Primer(25uM)3 μL,65 ℃孵育5 min,迅速冰浴2~10 min,短暂离心,继续向以上反应液中加入2xFirst Strand Buffer 10 μL、SuperScriptⅢ RT/RNaseOut Enzyme mix 2 μL轻轻吸打混匀,50 ℃孵育50 min。反应结束后 85 ℃保温5 min。
使用罗氏公司的7 500型荧光定量PCR仪,采用2-△△CT法进行数据的相对定量分析。RealTime反应体系为:2x REALSYBRMixture 10 uL、10 umol/Lmir-218 上游引物0.4 μL、10 umol/Lmir-218 下游引物 0.4 μL、反转录产物 2 μL, 加入灭菌蒸馏水至20 μL。扩增程序为:95 ℃ 10 min,(95 ℃15sec,60 ℃60sec)×40个循环。以U6 基因表达作为内参。miR-218 的相对表达量通过公式2-△△CT计算,其中 ΔCt = miR-218Ct 值- U6Ct 值。
1.3 统计方法
采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学分析。miR-218在肾细胞癌癌组织与癌旁正常肾组织的表达差异采用独立样本的t检验。miR-218的表达与肾细胞癌临床病理学特征的关联采用非参数Mann Whitney U检验。
2 结果
与对照组癌旁正常肾组织相比, miR-218在肾透明细胞癌组织的的表达明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001,图A)。同时, miR-218表达的降低与肿瘤的分期,转移和分化程度有密切关系(图B, 图C,图D)。miR-218的表达与患者的年龄(P=0.817), 性别(P=0.951), 肿瘤位置(P=0.914)及肿瘤大小(P=0.354)差异无统计学意义。但是, miR-218的表达与肿瘤的转移,差异有统计学意义(P=0.007), 肿瘤的 T分期,差异有统计学意义 (P=0.022)及肿瘤的分级,差异有统计学意义(P=0.015),见表1。
3 讨论
肿瘤的侵袭和转移仍是肿瘤高死亡率的主要原因。在最新的一些研究报告中,MiR -218可以抑制肿瘤的进展和侵袭,可以明显降低人类恶性肿瘤发生[3]。然而,miR-218在肾癌中的作用尚未进一步的研究。
该研究发现,MiR-218在肾透明细胞癌组织中的表达是减少的,明显低于对照组(P<0.001),尤其是在肿瘤晚期,表达明显降低,显示出它在肿瘤进展与侵袭中的作用更加突出。miR-218在肾癌中的这种现象符合之前的研究报道[4-6]。此外,在肿瘤组中, miR-218在晚期肾透明细胞癌组织中的表达水平明显低于早期肾透明细胞癌(P<0.001)。低分化肾透明细胞癌中miR-218的表达水平明显低于高/中分化肾透明细胞癌(P<0.05),有淋巴结转移的肾透明细胞癌组织中miR-218显示明显低表达(P<0.001)。由于miR-218已经被证明在宫颈腺癌以及许多其他恶性肿瘤中与肿瘤的转移及侵袭明显相关[7-8],而该研究进一步显示miR-218在肾恶性肿瘤的转移及侵袭中也可能是一个重要的因素[9]。
综上,研究发现,miR-218在肾细胞癌组织中与分期、分化、转移是有密切关系的,其表达水平与临床进展呈负相关,miR-218在肾细胞癌中作为一个肿瘤抑制基因,揭示了其可能成为肾癌新的潜在的治疗靶点。
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(收稿日期:2014-01-05)
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[5] Guan H, Wei G, Wu J, et al. Down-regulation of miR-218–2 and its host gene SLIT3 cooperate to promote invasion and progression of thyroid cancer[J].Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2013,89(5):2346-2352.
[6] Davis BN, Hata A microRNA in cancer—the involvement of aberrant microRNA biogenesis regulatory pathways[J].Genes Cancer,2010(11):1100-1114.
[7] Hassan MQ, Maeda Y, Taipaleenmaki H, et al. miR-218 Directs a Wnt signaling circuit to promote differentiation of osteoblasts and osteomimicry of metastatic cancer cells[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2012,287(50):84-92.
[8] Gien LT, Beauchemin MC, Thomas G. Adenocarcinoma: a unique cervical cancer[J].Gynecol Oncol,2010,116:140-146
[9] Li Q, Zhu F, Chen P. miR-7 and miR-218 epigenetically control tumor suppressor genes RASSF1A and Claudin-6 by targeting HoxB3 in breast cancer[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2012, 424(1):28-33.
(收稿日期:2014-01-05)
[3] 杨卫东,王欢,汪静.miRNAs: 肿瘤诊断治疗的潜在新型靶分子[J].现代肿瘤医学,2013,21(8):1873-1879.
[4] 黄晓明,陈翔,贾振宇.人工microRNAs在肿瘤基因治疗中的研究[J].中国细胞生物学学报,2013,35(7):1018-1026.
[5] Guan H, Wei G, Wu J, et al. Down-regulation of miR-218–2 and its host gene SLIT3 cooperate to promote invasion and progression of thyroid cancer[J].Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2013,89(5):2346-2352.
[6] Davis BN, Hata A microRNA in cancer—the involvement of aberrant microRNA biogenesis regulatory pathways[J].Genes Cancer,2010(11):1100-1114.
[7] Hassan MQ, Maeda Y, Taipaleenmaki H, et al. miR-218 Directs a Wnt signaling circuit to promote differentiation of osteoblasts and osteomimicry of metastatic cancer cells[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2012,287(50):84-92.
[8] Gien LT, Beauchemin MC, Thomas G. Adenocarcinoma: a unique cervical cancer[J].Gynecol Oncol,2010,116:140-146
[9] Li Q, Zhu F, Chen P. miR-7 and miR-218 epigenetically control tumor suppressor genes RASSF1A and Claudin-6 by targeting HoxB3 in breast cancer[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2012, 424(1):28-33.
(收稿日期:2014-01-05)