邹前芽+刘国忠+曾晓燕
[摘要] 目的 分析血清学和超声技术联合检测诊断ToRCH宫内感染的情况,为降低出生缺陷提供保障。 方法 选取18 632名不同孕期的孕妇作为研究对象,均行ToRCH血清学检查,将其随机分为观察组(9326名)和对照组(9306名),观察组对ToRCH-IgM抗体阳性者进行计划性B超追踪检查,对照组只进行常规孕期检查。分析ToRCH感染情况、B超追踪检查情况、妊娠结局情况等。 结果 18 632名孕妇中ToRCH-IgM抗体阳性942例,阳性率为5.06%,其中,TOX为1.56%,RV为0.73%,CMV为1.53%,HSV为1.24%。观察组胎儿感染及时发现率为91.35%,对照组为50.45%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组出生缺陷发生率为0.08%,对照组出生缺陷发生率为0.29%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 本地区孕妇ToRCH感染率较高,血清学检查联合B超监测诊断可及时发现胎儿感染情况,降低出生缺陷率。
[关键词] 宫内感染;ToRCH;血清学;超声
[中图分类号] R446.6 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2014)09(c)-0025-03
Analysis of ToRCH intrauterine infection diagnosed by serological tests and ultrasonography
ZOU Qian-ya LIU Guo-zhong ZENG Xiao-yan
Central People′s Hospital of Jian City in Jiangxi Province,Jian 343000,China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the detection of ToRCH intrauterine infection by serological tests and ultrasonography,so as to provide security for reducing birth defects. Methods 18 632 pregnant women of different pregnancy were selected as objects.They all underwent serological examination for ToRCH.And they were divided into observation group (9326 cases) and control group (9306 cases) randomly.In observation group,ToRCH-IgM antibody positive pregnant women were traced by B ultrasonography examination.The control group were only underwent regular prenatal care.The ToRCH infections,ultrasonography examinations and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. Results In 18 632 pregnant women,942 cases (5.06%) were ToRCH-IgM antibody positive.Among them,the positive rate of TOX,RV,CMV,HSV was 1.56%,0.73%,1.53%,1.24% respectively.The detection rate of fetal infection in observation group and control group was 91.35% and 50.45%,respectively,the difference was significant (P<0.05).The incidence of birth defects in observation group and control group was 0.08% and 0.29% respectively,the difference was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion ToRCH infection rate of pregnant women in this region is high.The combined monitoring and diagnosis of serological and ultrasound technology can find birth defects in time and reduce birth defects rate.
[Key words] Intrauterine infection;ToRCH;Serology;Ultrasonography
ToRCH是指五种可能造成宫内感染的病毒和寄生虫,本文对临床研究中发现的其中四种进行分析,分别为TOX(刚地弓形虫)、RV(风疹病毒)、CMV(巨细胞病毒)、HSV(单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型),这些病毒和寄生虫可通过胎盘感染胎儿,从而导致宫内感染[1-2]。研究发现[3-4],ToRCH-IgM抗体阳性的孕妇易发生流产、死胎、死产等妊娠结局,受感染的胎儿易发生脑瘫、耳聋、发育迟缓等,对新生儿健康造成巨大影响。随着保健知识及医疗水平的发展进步,ToRCH的血清学检测也越来越受重视,但检查出ToRCH-IgM抗体阳性的孕妇心理压力较大,为及时准确掌握胎儿宫内发育情况,减少孕妇压力,本研究对部分ToRCH-IgM阳性的孕妇进行B超追踪计划性监测,取得了较好的临床效果。
1 对象与方法
1.1 研究对象
选取2011年1月~2014年4月在本院作产前检查的18 632名孕妇,年龄(28.4±9.5)岁,按孕期分:孕早期10 800名,孕中期6429名,孕晚期1403名。将其随机分为两组,对照组9306名进行ToRCH-IgM抗体检测,观察组9326名进行ToRCH-IgM抗体检测与B超追踪监测。
1.2 研究方法
所有产检孕妇均于清晨抽取空腹静脉血2~3 ml,静置20 min,3000 r/min离心5 min,分离血清,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)进行ToRCH-IgM抗体检测,ToRCH-IgM特异检测ELISA试剂盒由深圳晶美公司提供,自动酶免分析仪为SM-3型(北京天石医疗用品制作所),剩余血清置于-20℃保存。观察组进行B超追踪监测,1周/次,观察宫内感染情况及胎儿发育情况。B超检查:孕妇躺在检测床上,腹部涂B超耦合剂,B超探头在腹部耦合剂上滑动,观察胎儿神经、血管发育情况,测量胎儿头部和四肢的大小等。
1.3 统计学分析
数据录入Excel表格,建立数据库,采用SPSS 18.0统计学软件进行分析,计数资料用百分率(%)表示,采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组孕妇ToRCH-IgM抗体检测情况的比较
18 632名孕妇共检测出ToRCH-IgM阳性942例,阳性率为5.06%,其中,TOX为290例(1.56%),RV为136例(0.73%),CMV为285例(1.53%),HSV为231例(1.24%);两组各孕期间ToRCH-IgM阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。
表1 两组孕妇ToRCH-IgM抗体检测情况的比较(n)
2.2 两组孕妇宫内感染检查情况的比较
观察组和对照组孕妇宫内感染发生率分别为1.12%和1.19%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组及时发现宫内感染95例,及时发现率为91.35%,对照组及时发现56例,及时发现率为50.45%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表2)。
表2 两组孕妇宫内感染检查情况的比较[n(%)]
与对照组比较,*P<0.05
2.3 两组孕妇妊娠结局的比较
观察组排除发现宫内感染实行人为流产或引产的83例,尚有21例孕妇发生不良妊娠结局,其中出生缺陷8例,出生缺陷发生率为0.08%,对照组出生缺陷27例,出生缺陷发生率为0.29%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表3)。
表3 两组孕妇妊娠结局的比较[n(%)]
与对照组比较,*P<0.05
3 讨论
ToRCH感染是Nahmias等学者于1971年提出,由5种病原体英文的首字命名,其中,T指弓形体,O为其他(包括梅毒螺旋体及其他微小病毒),R代表风疹病毒,C代表人类巨细胞病毒,H代表单纯疱疹病毒[5]。ToRCH感染的特点是孕妇患其中任何一种疾病之后,多数自身症状轻微,甚至无明显症状,但这几种病原体却可能使胎儿、新生儿呈现严重症状,以致流产、死胎、死产、胎儿先天性畸形或新生儿遗留神经障碍等疾病,甚至死亡[6-8]。先天性畸形等出生缺陷的患儿由于精神、体格上的缺陷,给自身、家庭和社会带来了诸多问题[9]。为了提高人口素质和搞好优生优育,ToRCH感染筛查已被列为我国出生缺陷干预工程中的一项重要内容,是出生缺陷防治体系中的一个重要环节。血清学检测是目前筛检的主要方法[10],但其指导性不是很强,通过对ToRCH-IgM阳性的孕妇进行B超跟踪计划性监测,可及时发现胎儿宫内发育、感染情况,及时进行终止妊娠,降低出生缺陷率。
研究结果发现,本研究18 632名孕妇中血清学结果为ToRCH-IgM阳性942例,阳性率为5.06%,其中,TOX为290例(1.56%),RV为136例(0.73%),CMV为285例(1.53%),HSV为231例(1.24%),提示本地区孕妇的ToRCH感染率处于较高水平,其中以TOX、CMV和HSV为主。观察组及时发现宫内感染95例(91.35%),对照组及时发现56例(50.45%),提示B超追踪检查ToRCH-IgM抗体阳性的孕妇对及时发现宫内感染具有显著的优势,可以及时终止妊娠,提高优生比例。观察组发生出生缺陷患儿8例(0.08%),对照组发生出生缺陷患儿27例(0.29%),两组差异有统计学意义,提示血清学检测结果为ToRCH-IgM阳性的孕妇进行B超追踪检查可以显著降低缺陷患儿的出生率[11]。
综上所述,血清学检测与超声联合诊断ToRCH宫内感染具有较好的可信度,可以及时发现宫内感染情况。除此之外,孕妇要注意做好孕期卫生,减少动物接触,注意饮食卫生。同时做好相关血清学检查,特别是ToRCH-IgM抗体检测,对于ToRCH-IgM抗体阳性的孕妇要进行高密度B超追踪监测,以及时发现宫内感染情况,选择性终止妊娠,减少不良妊娠结局的发生,特别是发育缺陷胎儿的出生,对于出生缺陷防治具有重要作用。
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(收稿日期:2014-07-02 本文编辑:郭静娟)
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[4] Di Maio M,Leighl NB,Gallo C,et al.Quality of life analysis of TORCH,a randomized trial testing first-line erlotinib followed by second-line cisplatin/gemcitabine chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer[J].J Thorac Oncol,2012,7(12):1830-1844.
[5] Visintine AM,Gerber P,Nahmias AJ.Leukocyte transforming agent (Epstein-Barr virus) in newborn infants and older individuals[J].J Pediatr,1976,89(4):571-575.
[6] 白文俊,阴继红,刘玉宛.1368例孕妇ToRCH血清学检测结果的临床分析[J].中国医学创新,2010,7(23):161-162.
[7] Del PJ.Focus on diagnosis:congenital infections (TORCH)[J].Pediatr Rev,2011,32(12):537-542.
[8] Paul A,Binner JG,Vaidhyanathan B,et al.Oxyacetylene torch testing and microstructural characterization of tantalum carbide[J].J Microsc,2013,250(2):122-129.
[9] Halawa S,Mcdermott L,Donati M,et al.TORCH screening in pregnancy.Where are we now: An audit of use in a tertiary level centre[J].J Obstet Gynaecol,2014,34(4):309-312.
[10] Lito D,Francisco T,Salva I,et al.TORCH serology and group B Streptococcus screening analysis in the population of a maternity[J].Acta Med Port,2013,26(5):549-554.
[11] Shie JL,Chang CC,Chang CY,et al.Co-pyrolysis of sunflower-oil cake with potassium carbonate and zinc oxide using plasma torch to produce bio-fuels[J].Bioresour Technol,2011,102(23):11011-11017.
(收稿日期:2014-07-02 本文编辑:郭静娟)
[3] 周乙华,胡娅莉.妊娠期ToRCH血清学筛查选择和结果评价[J].中国产前诊断杂志(电子版),2012,4(2):22-25.
[4] Di Maio M,Leighl NB,Gallo C,et al.Quality of life analysis of TORCH,a randomized trial testing first-line erlotinib followed by second-line cisplatin/gemcitabine chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer[J].J Thorac Oncol,2012,7(12):1830-1844.
[5] Visintine AM,Gerber P,Nahmias AJ.Leukocyte transforming agent (Epstein-Barr virus) in newborn infants and older individuals[J].J Pediatr,1976,89(4):571-575.
[6] 白文俊,阴继红,刘玉宛.1368例孕妇ToRCH血清学检测结果的临床分析[J].中国医学创新,2010,7(23):161-162.
[7] Del PJ.Focus on diagnosis:congenital infections (TORCH)[J].Pediatr Rev,2011,32(12):537-542.
[8] Paul A,Binner JG,Vaidhyanathan B,et al.Oxyacetylene torch testing and microstructural characterization of tantalum carbide[J].J Microsc,2013,250(2):122-129.
[9] Halawa S,Mcdermott L,Donati M,et al.TORCH screening in pregnancy.Where are we now: An audit of use in a tertiary level centre[J].J Obstet Gynaecol,2014,34(4):309-312.
[10] Lito D,Francisco T,Salva I,et al.TORCH serology and group B Streptococcus screening analysis in the population of a maternity[J].Acta Med Port,2013,26(5):549-554.
[11] Shie JL,Chang CC,Chang CY,et al.Co-pyrolysis of sunflower-oil cake with potassium carbonate and zinc oxide using plasma torch to produce bio-fuels[J].Bioresour Technol,2011,102(23):11011-11017.
(收稿日期:2014-07-02 本文编辑:郭静娟)