张海燕
一、阅读表达的特点
在平时的英语检测中,阅读表达题是学生感觉最难的,得分率也最低。阅读表达题考查的是学生输入和输出两方面的能力,而良好的输出建立在充分正确输入的基础上,即学生只有在正确获取信息和恰当处理信息的前提下才能正确答题。 此题在江西英语高考卷中占的分值是10分,要求学生根据一篇约300词的文章完成5个小题,每小题2分。这5个小题分别从不同角度考查学生对英语文章的理解能力,同时考查学生英语语言组织表达能力。
阅读表达题的问题设置可涵盖六大方面:
1.概括主旨大意,推测作者写作意图,写出文章标题。(Whats the main idea of the passage/For what purpose does the author write this passage/Whats the best title of the passage/What does Paragraph 3 tell us?)
2.找出具体信息、细节。(List ...facts of .../In which year was .../Why.../How...)
3.补全句子。(Fill in the blank in the passage with...)
4.翻译句子。(Translate the underlined sentence in the ...paragraph into Chinese.)
5.解释、猜测词义。(Explain the underlined word ...in English./What does the word ... probably refer to?)
6.陈述个人观点、态度。(What do you think .../What will you do if.../Do you agree...Why?)
二、让阅读表达融入阅读教学
培养学生阅读能力是高中英语教学的重要任务,在日常教学中阅读课占的课时最多,如果能把阅读表达的题型恰当地融入阅读教学中去,那将一举两得。本人在新课标人教版选修6至选修8的教学中尝试着将阅读表达教学贯穿于阅读教学中,希望以阅读表达练习的形式来促进学生阅读技能的发展,同时在阅读教学过程中让学生掌握阅读表达题的解题技巧,即力求输入与输出的双向发展。现在本人以Module 8 Unit 1 “A land of diversity”Reading CALIFORNIA的教学为例进行探讨。文章中与所列问题相关的句子在文章第几行表述为:Line...
1.引导学生理解作者的写作意图。问题设置如:What does the author actually intend to tell us? (The author actually intends to tell us that California is a mixture of various races and cultures.)通览全文(Skimming),对文章形成总体印象有利于回答有关主旨大意、作者写作意图、文章标题之类的问题。
2.引导学生获取具体信息,关注细节。问题设置如:How did the first settlers cross the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America?(By means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. Line 10)When was California ruled by Spain?(In the 18th century. Line 17 )What brought a large number of Chinese to California in the 1860s?(The building of the rail network from the west the east coast. Line 40-43)要深入理解文章内容,需要细读(Scanning)。在细读过程中让学生学会分析文章布局和段落分布,这样才能根据问题快速定位。因本文是以时间为序,根据不同历史阶段所牵涉的国家和民族就能快速准确找到答案。
3.引导学生掌握文章重点词句。问题设置如:①用重点词汇填空。The customs and languages of the immigrants in their new home.(live on. Line 3 )This of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.(diversity. Line 3 )②翻译重点句子。Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.(Line 5)③解释、猜测画线单词的意思。By the time California elected to become the thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.(Line 37)对重点词汇和句子的学习应该是在前面两步之后,即对文章内容深入了解之后进行,一方面通过词句练习加深对文章的理解,另一方面通过文章所提供的语境来学习掌握重点词句。形成语篇意识有助于对阅读表达题中指定词句的理解。
4.培养学生跨文化意识,激发学生学习兴趣。问题设置如:Why is California such a multicultural community? What problems do you think might arise? (Page 3,Students Book 8 ) 这类要求陈述个人观点、态度的题能引起学生对相关问题的思考,有利于学生了解中西文化的差异,开阔视野,从而激发学生学习兴趣。鼓励学生表达自己的观点并用自己的话进行解释,让学生在轻松的氛围中学习掌握一些句型,以保证在做阅读表达题时答题规范。如回答“Why...?”的问题用“Because...”或“In order to...”;用“By...”回答“How(方式)...?” 问句等等。
阅读课堂为阅读表达提供了丰富的材料,大量的信息输入为信息输出奠定了基础,学生在学习处理信息的过程中,逐渐掌握了阅读表达题的解题技巧,提高了学习兴趣,对阅读表达题不再有畏难心理;同时,阅读表达的多角度提问方式活跃了阅读课堂,促进了学生阅读技能的形成和发展,使信息输入更加高效。两者相辅相成。
(责任编辑 周侯辰)