王海燕++++++涂林修++++++黄艳丽++++++陈凯宇++++++冯碧红
[摘要] 目的 探讨宁波地区儿童哮喘与ORMDL3基因多态性的关系。 方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)技术对150例哮喘患儿(哮喘组)ORMDL3基因多态性进行观察,并与150名正常对照儿童(对照组)进行对比。 结果 哮喘组和对照组ORMDL3基因rs11650680位点3种基因型(CC、CT、TT)分布频率分别为68%、24%、8%和57%、25%、18%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.574,P=0.037),此位点C和T等位基因分布频率分别为80%、20%和70%、30%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.000,P=0.005);哮喘组和对照组ORMDL3基因rs4378650位点各基因型(CC、CT、TT)频率分别为59%、27%、14%和53%、21%、26%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.654,P=0.020),此位点C和T等位基因分布频率分别为73%、27%和63%、37%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.424,P=0.010)。 结论 ORMDL3基因多态性与宁波地区儿童哮喘患者有一定的相关性。
[关键词] 基因多态性;儿童哮喘;ORMDL3
[中图分类号] R725[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1673-7210(2014)06(c)-0027-04
Analysis of relationship between ORMDL3 gene polymorphism with childhood asthma in Ningbo
WANG Haiyan TU Linxiu HUANG Yanli CHEN Kaiyu FENG Bihong
Department of Pediatrics, the People's Hospital of Beilun District in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315800, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the relationship between ORMDL3 gene polymorphism and childhood asthma in Ningbo. Methods Polymorphism of ORMDL3 gene was identified with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragmented length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 150 childhood asthma patients (asthma group) and 150 healthy controls (control group), the results were compared. Results The distribution frequency of ORMDL3 gene rs11650680 locus genotypes including CC, CT and TT in the asthma group and control groups were 68%, 24%, 8% and 57%, 25%, 18%, respectively, there was a significant difference between the asthma group and control groups (χ2 = 6.574, P = 0.037). The locus C and T allele frequencies were 80%, 20% and 70%, 30%, respectively, and there was a significant difference between asthma group and control group (χ2 = 8.000, P = 0.005). The distribution frequency of ORMDL3 gene rs4378650 locus genotypes including CC, CT and TT were 59%, 27%, 14% and 53%, 21%, 26%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 7.654, P = 0.020). The locus C and T allele frequencies were 73%, 27% and 63%, 37%, respectively, there was a significant difference between the asthma group and control group (χ2 = 6.424,P=0.010). Conclusion ORMDL3 gene polymorphisms is associated with the childhood asthma in Ningbo.
[Key words] Gene polymorphism; Childhood asthma; ORMDL3
哮喘是一种慢性支气管炎疾病,其发病与遗传因素和多种环境因素(包括吸烟、饮食和呼吸道感染等)相关[1]。近年来支气管哮喘发病率明显增加,总患病率呈上升趋势,尤其在儿童中,哮喘患儿比例逐年上升[2]。寻找哮喘发病的易感基因是目前研究的一大热点,文献已经报道超过200个哮喘相关基因[3]。其中,多项研究证实ORMDL3基因与儿童哮喘的发病有关[4-6]。ORMDL基因是科学家在对色素性视网膜炎进行基因测序时发现的一个新基因,该基因属于一个新的基因家族,在人类中由3个成员基因(ORMDL1、ORMDL2和ORMDL3)组成,并在酵母、脊椎动物等中均有表达。基因ORMDL3含有6560个碱基对,其中包括3个外显子,编码含153个氨基酸残基和4个跨膜区。ORMDL3基因蛋白质产物在人体组织中广泛表达,但主要集中在细胞内质网。目前研究发现,ORMDL3与哮喘密切相关,但其在哮喘发病中的具体作用仍不清楚。一项研究表明,ORMDL3中的变应原和细胞因子(IL-4或IL-13)诱导的内质网基因表达主要在呼吸道上皮细胞[7]。本研究选择了ORMDL3基因中rs4378650和rs11650680位点,分析宁波地区儿童哮喘患者和正常对照组ORMDL3基因多态性,探讨其与儿童哮喘发病的关系。1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择2011年12月~2013年12月在宁波市北仑区人民医院(以下简称“我院”)确诊的哮喘患儿150例作为哮喘组,其中,男82例,女68例,平均年龄(6.6±3.2)岁。入组患儿均符合中华医学会儿科学分会呼吸学组制定的《儿童支气管哮喘诊断与防治指南》中的诊断标准:频繁喘息发作;支气管舒张剂有显著疗效;双肺闻及呼气相为主的哮鸣音。对照组为同期来我院体检者150例,其中,男80例,女70例,平均年龄(7.5±2.1)岁。入选标准:本人及双亲均无哮喘史,无肺部其他疾病史,无变态反应史,无过敏性鼻炎、湿疹等病史,居住环境、肺通气功能检查、皮肤点刺试验均正常。两组年龄、性别等一般情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),具有可比性。此研究经过我院伦理委员会审批通过,家属均知情同意并签署知情同意书。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 标本收集两组均抽取外周静脉血2 mL,EDTA(北京索莱宝科技有限公司,批号:20121006)抗凝,选取1 mL抽提基因组DNA,用于基因检测。
1.2.2 基因多态性分析采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)法。①基因组DNA抽提采用NaI(上海化学试剂研究所,批号:20100312)法,将抽提好的DNA溶于40 μL TE缓冲液,保存于-80℃,以备后用。②PCR扩增:引物设计使用primer 5.0软件,ORMDL3基因rs4378650上游引物5'-TGGGTGACAGAGGTGATTT-3',下游引物5'-CTGCT TCCTGAGCCTACT-3';ORMDL3基因rs11650680上游引物5'-AAACTGAGGGGTGGGAGA-3',下游引物5'-TGAAGAGGGAGCAGGAAG-3'。PCR扩增体系25 μL,含10×Buffer 2.5 μL(含1.5 mmol/L MgCl2),1 mmol/L dNTP 2.5 μL,10 mmol/L的正反引物各1 μL,Taq DNA聚合酶2.5 U(宝生物工程有限公司,批号:20121012),基因组DNA 100~150 ng。扩增条件:95℃预变性3 min;94℃变性30 s,55℃ 30 s,72℃ 30 s,35次循环,最后72℃ 延伸5 min。③产物酶切:NspⅠ限制性内切酶(美国New England Biolabs生物公司,批号:20120920)消化扩增片段,按照依说明书加入BSA和缓冲液各2 μL,37℃酶切过夜。④凝胶电泳:酶切产物以8%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶160 V电泳,EB染色20~30 min观察结果。
1.3 统计学方法
采用SPSS 13.0统计学软件进行数据分析,按照Hardy-Weiberg平衡法检测样本的群体代表性,计数资料用率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 PCR反应产物及酶切产物结果判定
ORMDL3基因rs4378650位点CC型产物长度为550 bp,TT型约为350 bp和200 bp,TC型为550 bp、350 bp和200 bp(图1)。ORMDL3基因rs11650680位点CC型产物长度为700 bp,TT型约为450 bp和250 bp,TC型为700 bp、450 bp和250 bp(图2)。
M:Marker;1:TC型;2:TT型;3:CC型
图1 ORMDL3基因rs4378650位点基因型
M:Marker;1:CC型;2:TC型;3:TT型
图2 ORMDL3基因rs11650680位点基因型
2.2 ORMDL3基因rs11650680位点基因型和等位基因分布
结果显示,哮喘组和对照组ORMDL3基因rs4378650位点3种基因型(CC、CT、TT)分布频率分别为68%、24%、8%和57%、25%、18%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.574,P=0.037);进一步分析发现,此位点C和T等位的基因分布频率分别为80%、20%和70%、30%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.000,P=0.005)。见表1。
2.3 ORMDL3基因rs4378650位点基因型和等位基因分布
哮喘组和对照组ORMDL3基因rs4378650位点各基因型(CC、CT、TT) 分布频率分别为59%、27%、14%和53%、21%、26%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.654,P = 0.02),进一步分析发现此位点C和T等位基因分布频率分别为73%、27%和63%、37%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.000,P=0.005)。见表2。
表2 ORMDL3基因rs4378650位点基因型及等位基因
频率分布[n(%)]
3 讨论
哮喘是一种受环境因素影响的多基因遗传性疾病,近年来研究发现,ORMDL3基因多态性与哮喘发病显著相关。单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)是基因组内某一位点的核苷酸存在两种(或两种以上)不同的碱基,其中最少一种在群体中的频率≥1%。单核苷酸多态性类型包括单碱基转换、插入和缺失等[8]。近年来通过对单核苷酸多态性研究表明,单核苷酸的变异可以为多基因疾病的研究提供新方法。人类基因组中的SNP是人类种族和个体差异的标志,通过基因组的标签SNPs与复杂性疾病或药物疗效的相关分析,可以揭示复杂性疾病的致病机制与疾病的不同临床表型,也可作为实行个体化治疗的根据。ORMDL3基因是科学家在研究色素性视网膜炎发病易感基因时发现的,属于ORM1-like gene family家族新基因,并且证明与哮喘发病相关。ORMDL3基因属于ORMDL基因家族,该家族还包含ORMDL1基因及ORMDL2基因,ORMDL3基因位于染色体17q21(17号染色体长臂2区1带)上,长约6560个碱基对,由3个外显子和2个内含子组成,编码一个由153个氨基酸组成的蛋白质,定位于内质网内的蛋白质,其广泛表达在人体各个组织中,在成人胰腺、肝脏以及胎儿的肝脏、肺、肾脏等中呈现较高的表达水平[9-10]。2009年发表在杂志Allergy的研究证实,ORMDL3 rs4378650基因型与儿童哮喘的发病有关,该研究分析了墨西哥615例罹患哮喘的儿童后发现,rs4378650基因型为CT异合子或是CC纯合子的人,其哮喘的相对风险分别是TT纯合子的1.73和1.76倍[11]。一项中国香港的研究结果显示,儿童哮喘的诊断与rs11650680有关,提示在中国儿童中哮喘的发生与17q21上包括ORMDL3基因在内的一段区域有关[12]。Yang等[13]的研究表明,中国哮喘儿童中rs7216389多态性与儿童哮喘相关,携带rs7216389 TT等位基因可以增加儿童哮喘的易感性。Kang等[14]对朝鲜儿童的哮喘易感研究中发现,包含rs721389在内的4个SNP可以促进嗜酸性粒细胞的炎性反应,进而与哮喘易感性相关。
近年来,我国学者在SNP rs7216389与哮喘发病关系的研究中发挥了重要作用。宋文婷[15]以中国支气管哮喘儿童和健康个体为研究对象,采用PCR-RFLP技术检测发现,在rs7216389位点,病例组和对照组中,等位基因T的频率分别为58.4%和41.8%,等位基因C的频率分别为25%和36.2%,经过统计学分析后表明,ORMDL3基因位点rs7216389与中国北方汉族人群支气管哮喘存在显著相关。金哲等[16]通过对北京地区患病儿童的研究发现,ORMDL3基因SNPs(包括rs7216389和rs7216558)与哮喘儿童发病呈现非显著相关性,而遗传因素则与哮喘发病呈显著相关。丁毅鹏等[17]对海南黎族哮喘患者及正常对照组进行对比,发现rs7216389位点TT型基因与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,提示ORMDL3基因多态性变化可能与黎族哮喘患者发病有一定的相关性。孙婧等[18]选取解放军总医院及其附属医院的哮喘患儿178例为实验组及健康儿童129名为对照组,其中,实验组分为轻症组和重症组,对ORMDL3基因的rs7216389基因型进行测定,发现CC、TC、TT分布频率差异显著,TT型在轻症组和对照组无显著差异,而重症组比率高于轻症组和对照组。本研究采用PCR-RFLP法检测宁波地区哮喘患儿和正常对照组ORMDL3基因多态性。结果显示,宁波地区哮喘患儿和正常对照组ORMDL3基因rs4378650和rs11650680位点多态性各基因型频率和等位基因频率相比,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),表明ORMDL3基因多态性与宁波地区儿童哮喘患者有一定的相关性。
[参考文献]
[1]Ober C. Perspectives on the past decade of asthma genetics[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol,2005,116(2): 274-278.
[2]全国儿科哮喘协作组.2000年与1900年儿童支气管哮喘患病率的调查比较[J].中华结核与呼吸杂志,2004,27(2):112-116.
[3]Weiss ST,Raby BA,Rogers A. Asthma genetics and genomics 2009 [J]. Curr Opin Genet Dev,2009,19(3):279-282.
[4]Moffatt MF,Kabesch M,Liang L,et al. Genetic variants regulating ORMDL3 expression contribute to the risk of childhood asthma [J]. Nature,2007,448(7152):470-473.
[5]Hirota T,Harada M,Sakashita M,et al. Genetic polymorphism regulating ORM1-like 3(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)expression is associated with childhood atopic asthma in a Japanese population [J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol,2008,12(3):769-770.
[6]Moffatt MF,Gut IG,Demenais F,et al. A large-scale, consortium-based genomewide association study of asthma [J]. N Engl J Med,2010,363(13):1211-1121.
[7]Hjelmqvist L,Tuson M,Marfany G,et al. ORMDL proteins are a conserved new family of endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins [J]. Genome Biol,2002,23(3):27-30.
[8]Ramirez-Soriano A,Nielsen R. Correcting estimators of theta and Tajima's D for ascertainment biases caused by the single-nucleotide polymorphism discovery process [J]. Genetics,2009,181(5):701-710.
[9]李真,王亚.ORMDL3基因与哮喘病因关系的最新研究进展[J].中国科技信息,2013,(12):187-188.
[10]Tavendale R,Macgregor DF,Mukhopadhyay S,et al. A polymorphism controlling ORMDL3 expression is associated with asthma that is poorly controlled by current medications [J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol,2008,121(4):860-863.
[11]Wu H,Romieu I,Sienra-Monge JJ,et al. Genetic variation in ORM1-like 3(ORMDL3)and gasdermin-like(GSDML)and childhood asthma [J]. Allergy,2009,64(4):629-635.
[12]Leung TF,Sy HY,Ng MC,et al. Asthma and atopy are associated with chromosome 17q21 markers in Chinese children [J]. Allergy,2009,64(4): 621-628.
[13]Yang FF,Huang Y,Li QB,et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ORM1-like 3 gene associated with childhood asthma in a Chinese population [J]. Genet Mol Res,2012,11(6): 4646-4653.
[14]Kang MJ,Yu HS,Seo JH,et al. GSDMB/ORMDL3 variants contribute to asthma susceptibility and eosinophil-mediated bronchial hyperresponsiveness [J]. Hum Immunol,2012, 73(4): 954-959
[15]宋文婷.ORMDL3基因rs7216389、rs3859192与中国北方汉族人群支气管哮喘的相关性研究[J].哈尔滨医科大学,2009,24(4):14-16.
[16]金哲,王金凤,李红,等.北京地区儿童生活方式、免疫状态及ORMDL3基因SNPs与哮喘发生的相关性研究[J].医学研究杂志,2010,39(11):21-24.
[17]丁毅鹏,何海武,石慧芳.海南黎族哮喘ORMDL3基因多态性研究[J].海南医学,2012,23(11):256-258.
[18]孙婧,李乔俊,徐飞,等.儿童哮喘与ORMDL3基因多态性关系的研究[J].中国康复理论与实践,2010,16(4):361-363.
(收稿日期:2014-03-14本文编辑:程铭)
[参考文献]
[1]Ober C. Perspectives on the past decade of asthma genetics[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol,2005,116(2): 274-278.
[2]全国儿科哮喘协作组.2000年与1900年儿童支气管哮喘患病率的调查比较[J].中华结核与呼吸杂志,2004,27(2):112-116.
[3]Weiss ST,Raby BA,Rogers A. Asthma genetics and genomics 2009 [J]. Curr Opin Genet Dev,2009,19(3):279-282.
[4]Moffatt MF,Kabesch M,Liang L,et al. Genetic variants regulating ORMDL3 expression contribute to the risk of childhood asthma [J]. Nature,2007,448(7152):470-473.
[5]Hirota T,Harada M,Sakashita M,et al. Genetic polymorphism regulating ORM1-like 3(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)expression is associated with childhood atopic asthma in a Japanese population [J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol,2008,12(3):769-770.
[6]Moffatt MF,Gut IG,Demenais F,et al. A large-scale, consortium-based genomewide association study of asthma [J]. N Engl J Med,2010,363(13):1211-1121.
[7]Hjelmqvist L,Tuson M,Marfany G,et al. ORMDL proteins are a conserved new family of endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins [J]. Genome Biol,2002,23(3):27-30.
[8]Ramirez-Soriano A,Nielsen R. Correcting estimators of theta and Tajima's D for ascertainment biases caused by the single-nucleotide polymorphism discovery process [J]. Genetics,2009,181(5):701-710.
[9]李真,王亚.ORMDL3基因与哮喘病因关系的最新研究进展[J].中国科技信息,2013,(12):187-188.
[10]Tavendale R,Macgregor DF,Mukhopadhyay S,et al. A polymorphism controlling ORMDL3 expression is associated with asthma that is poorly controlled by current medications [J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol,2008,121(4):860-863.
[11]Wu H,Romieu I,Sienra-Monge JJ,et al. Genetic variation in ORM1-like 3(ORMDL3)and gasdermin-like(GSDML)and childhood asthma [J]. Allergy,2009,64(4):629-635.
[12]Leung TF,Sy HY,Ng MC,et al. Asthma and atopy are associated with chromosome 17q21 markers in Chinese children [J]. Allergy,2009,64(4): 621-628.
[13]Yang FF,Huang Y,Li QB,et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ORM1-like 3 gene associated with childhood asthma in a Chinese population [J]. Genet Mol Res,2012,11(6): 4646-4653.
[14]Kang MJ,Yu HS,Seo JH,et al. GSDMB/ORMDL3 variants contribute to asthma susceptibility and eosinophil-mediated bronchial hyperresponsiveness [J]. Hum Immunol,2012, 73(4): 954-959
[15]宋文婷.ORMDL3基因rs7216389、rs3859192与中国北方汉族人群支气管哮喘的相关性研究[J].哈尔滨医科大学,2009,24(4):14-16.
[16]金哲,王金凤,李红,等.北京地区儿童生活方式、免疫状态及ORMDL3基因SNPs与哮喘发生的相关性研究[J].医学研究杂志,2010,39(11):21-24.
[17]丁毅鹏,何海武,石慧芳.海南黎族哮喘ORMDL3基因多态性研究[J].海南医学,2012,23(11):256-258.
[18]孙婧,李乔俊,徐飞,等.儿童哮喘与ORMDL3基因多态性关系的研究[J].中国康复理论与实践,2010,16(4):361-363.
(收稿日期:2014-03-14本文编辑:程铭)
[参考文献]
[1]Ober C. Perspectives on the past decade of asthma genetics[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol,2005,116(2): 274-278.
[2]全国儿科哮喘协作组.2000年与1900年儿童支气管哮喘患病率的调查比较[J].中华结核与呼吸杂志,2004,27(2):112-116.
[3]Weiss ST,Raby BA,Rogers A. Asthma genetics and genomics 2009 [J]. Curr Opin Genet Dev,2009,19(3):279-282.
[4]Moffatt MF,Kabesch M,Liang L,et al. Genetic variants regulating ORMDL3 expression contribute to the risk of childhood asthma [J]. Nature,2007,448(7152):470-473.
[5]Hirota T,Harada M,Sakashita M,et al. Genetic polymorphism regulating ORM1-like 3(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)expression is associated with childhood atopic asthma in a Japanese population [J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol,2008,12(3):769-770.
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(收稿日期:2014-03-14本文编辑:程铭)