美国加州童格瓦公园与肯·詹瑟广场

美国加州童格瓦公园与肯·詹瑟广场

Tongva Park + Ken Genser Square, Santa Monica, USA

1 项目概述

美国加州圣塔莫尼卡市在其市中心迎来了两个崭新的公园：肯·詹瑟广场，一个约4 856m2的场地，位于圣塔莫尼卡市政厅正前方；以及童格瓦公园，一个约25 091m2的场地，位于肯·詹瑟广场对街出，几乎占据了由缅因街（Main Street）、规划中的奥林匹克快车道（Olympic Drive）、海洋大道（Ocean Avenue）以及I-10高速公路围起的所有街区空间。

2 设计理念

童格瓦公园和肯·詹瑟广场的设计成形于广大的社区参与，创造了一个现代的、可持续的、以及改革性的都市景观。这不仅重新定义了圣塔莫尼卡的市中心，同时为帕利萨德斯公园（Palisades Park）、圣塔莫尼卡码头（Santa Monica Pier）和圣塔莫尼卡市政中心（Santa Monica Civic Center）创造了新联结。

童格瓦公园和肯·詹瑟广场由詹姆斯·科纳设计公司所设计，是圣塔莫尼卡市中心的璀璨明珠。詹姆士·科纳如此描述这个工程，“它为圣塔莫尼卡市注入了新灵魂——一个具有社会、生态及象征意义的崭新目的地与聚集地。”他说，“我们塑造了一个瞩目的山丘和洼地的地貌，纳入大量本土植物以塑造一个壮观的园艺花园。园中满是精致大方的陈设，喷泉，玩乐元素以及活动区域。与圣塔莫尼卡市的人们在一起工作，共同建造这样一个让人倍觉清新爽快有活力的地方，这绝对是莫大的欢愉。”

受到加州南部海岸与沟壑的河谷景观的启发，设计师设计了一系列纵横交错的道路，从市政厅的台阶处向西延伸到海洋大道，彷如一张巨网将童格瓦公园网入圣塔莫尼卡市的建筑群中。时起时伏的地形增强了道路网的流畅性，将场地有机划分成4个主题山顶区域，每个区域的具有不同的用途和体验：

花园之丘由一系列的座位和亲密展示花园所定义，展示了一个随季节而变化的、本土的、以及适当调整过的加州南部植物画板；探索之丘是孩子们玩乐的空间，这里可以提供丰富的探索活动，还有山丘滑梯，音

乐墙，玩乐设施，水元素，以及有趣而隐蔽的堡垒。

观察之丘高达18ft（约5.5m），是观察海洋与邻近地区风景的最佳位置。这里还包含了瞭望台，一座连接桥，以及位于山丘下方的公共卫生间；

聚会之丘包含了一个大型多功能草坪，一个非正式的野餐区，以及台地看台，为人们聚会和放松提供了一个开放空间；

肯·詹瑟广场为市民集会提供了新空间，并补充了市政厅地标建筑。

建筑特色包括一个质地丰富的卵石材料石板，以及圣塔莫尼卡市独有的绿化新建筑。

水元素有一条小河富有诗意地串联起来。小河沿地势缓缓流入海洋。水元素与小河的水量与体积随着与海洋的距离拉近而不断增加。

凹座被雕刻成嵌入童格瓦公园的山腰之中，以创造内部型花园凹地，配上座位供游客静思；或创造外部型花园凹地，配上自行车停放架与公共座位供小团体游客暂时停留。

贝壳状瞭望台位于公园最高的山丘上，以框住圣塔莫尼卡和海洋标志性的风景与远景。

在公园的泽甜牧草丛处安置了一个由艺术家英尼格·曼格兰诺-奥瓦乐制作的雕塑，名为气象场1号。雕塑由一系列修长的不锈钢管组成，每根钢管上都配有风向计和风速计。作为一个完整统一的作品，新公园与广场的所有元素共同为社区创造了一个全新的旅游胜地与象征中心。

3 种植设计

童格瓦公园与肯·詹瑟广场的植物设计是詹姆斯·科纳设计公司、绿力联合公司以及佩里联合公司共同合作的结晶。设计通过创新的手法将多种经适当调整的本土植物进行组合，在圣塔莫尼卡的地中海气候中营造了非凡的季节性变化景观。

公园的4个区域都各有其专属的特色、质量与空间特征：

花园之丘以种类丰富、色彩缤纷的植物为特色，花期覆盖全季节，植物叶子也随季节变化而展现不同颜色。

探索之丘是公园内树木种植最多的地方，结合了本土橄榄树、橡树、松树以及悬铃木，以尽量多地制造树荫。

聚会之丘为公园营造了一个温和的内部环境。其中央草坪的特色植物是本土牧草、野花以及地中海鳞茎。

观察之丘朝南处某些地方是公园内场地条件最恶劣的，因而这些地方主要以耐旱肉质植物为主，如芦荟与龙舌兰。

公园原有的树木形成了新种植物的重要骨架。公园内保留了一棵大型摩顿湾无花果树，当地居民亲切地称之为“小莫树”，在其繁茂的树冠下生长了一个小树林。通过移植，公园将3棵大型热带榕聚集到一起，取名“三人行”，形成一个“无花树林”，显著地缓冲了高速公路的硬景观。两株原本位于市政厅门口两侧的松树也被移植到了探索之丘的山顶，还有一些其他树木和棕榈树也在

公园内有了新的“安身之所”。

以下列表为部分新种的树木、灌木、草本、多年生植物、肉质植物、芦荟、龙舌兰以及鳞茎的植物名录。不管在哪个季节，游客都能看到新的植物景观。

树木：

草莓树（Arbutus marina）、加州本土

橄榄树（Olea europea）、

栓皮栎（Quercus suber）、

托里针叶松（Pinus torreyana）、加州

悬玲木（Platanus racemosa）、

加州月桂（Umbellularia californica）、加州本土。

草本：

格兰马草（Bouteloua gracilis）、加州本土

太平洋芦苇草（Calamagrostis nutkaensis）、加州本土

加州沙丘莎草（Carex pansa）、加州本土

粉红火烈鸟乱子草（Muhlenbergia `Pink Flamingo'）、加州本土

秋禾草（Sesleria autumnalis）。

肉质植物+芦荟+龙舌兰：

扇形芦荟（Aloe plicatillis）、

世纪龙舌兰（Agave americana）、

匙花（Dasylirion wheeleri）、加州本土

上帝蜡烛（Hesperoyucca whipplei）、加州本土。

鳞茎/一年生植物：

孤挺花（Amaryllis belladonna）、

高代花（Clarkia amoena）、加州本土。

4 可持续性设计

童格瓦公园与肯·詹瑟广场包含了一种新型城市景观，既充满活力、极具创造性，又富有自然特色、充分考虑资源。公园的可持续特征不仅可以通过生态、水、能源、材料来衡量，还可以通过其产生的社会活力来衡量：公园可以促进游客身体健康、增加幸福感。

4.1 生态

项目场地原本是一个平坦宽敞的停车场，经改造，现已成为一系列地形变化丰富的草地与花园。场地最引人注目的地方是其对生态系统的恢复。项目的种植计划丰富而极具雄心，包括超300棵精心挑选的新树种，上千种新植物，以及上百种不同的经合适调整的加州本土植物。因此，童格瓦公园与肯·詹瑟广场是第一个使用加州本土植物作为重要园艺特色的大型现代城市项目之一。

除了植物之外，公园还从根本上模仿各种健康的本土环境，其互相连接的植物系统、水文系统、地形系统以及农业系统共同发挥作用，为场地提供修复的生态系统服务。新型林木与改良土壤回应了场地的微气候，并展示了丰富的物种可以很好地适应项目的不同地点。公园包含了一处橡树与橄榄树的混搭，一处美国梧桐的混搭以及托里针叶松的混搭。此外，新的无花果树与棕榈树为场地上原有树木增色不少。引人注目的园景树通过鲜艳的色彩与精致的形状在公园景观中形成焦点，而数以百计的草本植物、鳞茎、野花、本土灌木、肉质植物以及展览园同时也回应了场地多变的微气候，形成了多样的、茂盛的、引人注目的下层植被。

4.2 水

植物、树木与草皮区域的灌溉水来自附近的圣塔莫尼卡城市径流回收厂（SMURRF）的污水回收设施。灌溉水与雨水通过自然的水运动收集于几乎公园内每个山丘下的生态湿地中。公园景观与草皮区的灌溉以及水景等方面的总日常耗水为城市平均水平以下。水景使用的是食用水与封闭循环系统的生物过滤水，其水消耗仅仅是通过蒸发而已。嬉水区使用的食用水通将排放到储水区，经处理后在需要时供海洋馆的水景使用。

4.3 能量

照明是公园及广场的首要耗电源。通过

LED灯的使用以及其他节能装置与技术，公园的能源需求一直保持到最低的限度。

4.4 材料

公园与广场所使用的材料包括经可持续种植的非热带硬木，本土聚成岩与石头，含有回收内容的产品，低挥发性有机化合物油漆，密封剂，粘合剂以及豆基抗涂鸦涂层。

4.5 人体健康

项目除了物理设施方面比较完善外，起社会可持续性质量也十分高。公园与广场包含了丰富的社会空间与宁静的沉思空间，通过一系列散步道和环形路自行车停放区以及适合全年龄段、各种人群的丰富游乐空间，促进人体健康。

5 水景观

童格瓦公园肯·詹瑟广场共有3处水景观，每一个水景观都细心地融合到场地的地形中，并与公园的历史景观“河谷海滩（arroyo wash）”有着紧密的联系。3处水景观都由同一条小河连接，拓展了其本身的尺度，水的活动程度，并充分利用了生物渗透系统以及封闭的食用水系统。

5.1 温泉

位于市政厅前方的矩形花园经过改造，现已成为个富有生机的水元素设施——一个庄严的人造层叠瀑布，流水从低处的泡泡温泉喷涌而上，流下到瀑布的水托盘中，然后延伸至上方的种满植物的水花园之中。每个水托盘都反映着市政厅的中央大窗户，呼应了市政厅的建筑风格。水流统一朝西，流向缅因街和童格瓦公园。该水元素设施的向日照倾斜设计——加上其盛多的、精致的、发声温泉与瀑布——为圣塔莫尼卡独特的形象创造了一个尺度精心计算的、体验魅力超凡的象征。

5.2 水湾

童格瓦公园中心路径沿路包含了一个挖掘水湾，是一个雄伟的对称瀑布的骨架。闪耀的瀑布上方由水湾湾脊以及周边植物形成框景，而下方则由喷泉的水花园迎宾池形成框景。迎宾池前方有一系列分散的大型卵石，营造了一个宜目的屏障，同时提供了临时座位，强调了轻松休闲的元素，并呼应了——连同瀑布——场地的“河谷海滩”的主题。

5.3 海洋通道水景观

公园的主入口位于海洋大道，由漫长动感的水景观所定义。喷泉包含了一个曲线白水台阶以及一排阶梯式的倒影池，倒影池上设置了低矮的西朝拱形喷泉，显得生机勃勃。拱形喷泉随一定节奏喷射，使人联想起大海的浪花。由于喷泉的整体是西朝向，因而能够反射日落的余晖，闪闪发亮。而喷泉的水生则能够缓冲海洋大道上交通的噪音。

在晚上，每一个水景观都得益于LED灯的衬托，增强了水流的视觉效果，并将水纹透过灯光投影到周围的空间当中。

6 灯光设计

入夜时，雕塑般的外形以及童格瓦公园与肯·詹瑟广场上交织的道路在轻柔温馨的灯光下迎接游客，回应了项目的三维性。层层叠叠的灯光就像“河谷海滩”中的层层浪花，温柔地笼罩着场地，并展示为一种指向山顶的指引。由于项目十分注重安全与环境敏感性，因而设计师在公园及广场上大量使用了高节能LED灯以及高强度放电灯具，并用灯罩保护起来。

项目的主要道路有一个简洁的街灯柱，既增强了游客的体验，又不阻碍游客观看风景。为了节约能源，项目专门配备了一个综合智控系统，在闭园时关闭不必要的照明。

花园之丘上配置了发光灯柱，闪烁着漫反射灯光，增强了场地的氛围，为周围的季节性植物增添了一分色彩。座位下的照明为座位带来了一种亲密的效果，游客可以在上一边休息一边观赏精致灯光效果下的园景树。

探索之丘使用了与主道路一样风格的街灯柱，但体积更小，为道路和玩乐区提供照明。

观察之丘只使用了级别较低的照明，以保持自然风景的原貌，防止造成灯光刺眼。山顶上的灯光树林提供了休息与沉思的空间，游客公园内可以看到这片树林。瞭望台装上了小型嵌入式的彩色向上照明灯，营造了夜空繁星的效果，成为公园的标志性元素。

聚会之丘的大型草坪与座位露台由座位后面的强光灯从上而下照亮，提供了灵活的开放空间，供社区活动及小型演出使用。

在肯·詹瑟广场的树林小道与喷泉经过精心的灯光设计，在朝市政厅方向框起了绝佳的景色。经翻新的市政厅正面，灯光突出了其历史结构，形成了一个视觉焦点，以增强了广场夜晚的庄严特征。

项目位置：童格瓦公园：美国加州圣塔莫尼卡市海洋大道1615号，90401；肯·詹瑟广场：美国加州圣塔莫尼卡市缅因大道1685号，90401。

工程造价：设计项目的总预算，包括两个公园，新建的人行道，街道与其他公共空间的升级，为4 230万美元，约人民币2.64亿元。

场地准备：项目的场地准备由美国园艺公司承包。森纳林业公司负责大量成年大树的移植，其中包括3棵巨榕树，每棵重达100多吨。

业主：圣塔莫尼卡市

设计主导/风景园林师：詹姆斯·科纳设计公司

承包方：W.E.奥尼尔工程公司

建筑：弗雷德里克·费舍尔建筑工作室

艺术家：伊尼戈·孟格拉诺-奥瓦列

结构与MEP工程：布诺·哈普德

土木工程：菲斯科工程公司

照明：HLB

水元素设计：水元素设计顾问公司

岩土工程：康佛斯岩土工程顾问公司

城市土壤：华莱士实验室

园艺设计：绿力联合公司, 佩里联合公司

灌溉：d.d.帕甘诺灌溉有限公司

图片来源：詹姆斯·科纳设计公司，安吉·史密斯，蒂姆·斯推特-波特

翻译：邝嘉儒

1 Project Statement

Santa Monica welcomes two new parks to its Civic Center: Ken Genser Square, a 1.2-acre site directly in front of Santa Monica City Hall on Main Street, and Tongva Park, a 6.2-acre site across the street from Ken Genser Square occupying most of the block bounded by Main Street, the future Olympic Drive, Ocean Avenue and the I-10 Freeway.

2 Design Vision

Shaped by extensive community participation, the design of Tongva Park and Ken Genser Square creates a contemporary, sustainable, and transformative urban landscape that redefnes the center of Santa Monica and makes new connections between Palisades Park, the Santa Monica Pier, and Santa Monica Civic Center.

Designed by James Corner Field Operations, best known for its design of New York's High Line, the park and square are a centerpiece for Santa Monica's Civic Center. James Corner describes the project as "creating a new heart for Santa Monica—a new destination and gathering place of great social, ecological, and symbolic value." He says, "We have sculpted a dramatic topography of hills and hollows and incorporated a very large number of native plant species to create a spectacular horticultural garden, replete with generous furnishing, water fountains, play elements, and activity areas. It has been an absolute pleasure to work with the people of Santa Monica to create a place together that feels so fresh and dynamic."

Inspired by the Southern California arroyo landscape of washes and ravines that once defned the site, a series of braided pathways appear to organically emerge from the footsteps of City Hall, extend west to Ocean Avenue, and weave the park into the fabric of the City. Dramatic rising and falling topography reinforces the fluid pathway system and organizes the site into four thematic hilltop areas, each calibrated to a different primary use and experience:

Garden Hill is defned by a series of seating alcoves and intimate display gardens that showcase a seasonally dynamic, native, and appropriately adapted Southern California plant palette;

Discovery Hill is a play space for children, offering a range of discovery experiences and settings with hill slides, a music wall, play elements, water feature, and forts embedded into a lush and shaded landscape;

Observation Hill reaches a height of 18 feet, offers the best views of the ocean and neighboring vicinity, and includes overlooks, a bridge, and public restroom tucked under the hill;

Gathering Hill provides open space for congregation and relaxation including a large multipurpose lawn, seating terraces, and an informal picnic area;

Ken Genser Square provides new space for civic gathering and complements the City Hall landmark building.

Architectural features, a texturally rich material palette of boulders and pebbles, and lushly planted exciting new identity that is unique to Santa Monica.

Water elements are poetically linked by a single runnel that flows downhill to the ocean. Their volume and presence increases the closer they are to the ocean.

Alcoves are carved into Tongva Park's hillsides to create interior garden bays with seating for contemplation or exterior bays with bike racks and social seating for community comings and goings.

Shell-like overlooks are perched on top of the tallest of the park's hills to frame iconic views and vistas of Santa Monica and the ocean.

A sculpture, Weather Field No. 1, by artist IñigoManglano-Ovalle with its grid of tall stainless poles with weather vanes and anemometers is located on a berm of meadow grasses. As a complete and unifed composition, all of the varied elements of the new park and square create a new destination and symbolic heart for the community.

3 Planting Design

The planting design for Tongva Park and Ken Genser Square was completed through collaboration between the offices of James Corner Field Operations, Perry Associates, and John Greenlee. It presents an innovative and diverse mix of native and appropriately adapted plants that provide remarkable seasonal variety in Santa Monica's Mediterranean climate.

Four distinct areas within the park each have

unique features, qualities, and spatial characteristics:

Garden Hill features diverse and colorful plants with a seasonally changing palette of blooms and foliage.

Discovery Hill hosts more trees than any other part of the park. It combines native olives, oaks, pines, and sycamores for maximum shade.

Gathering Hill creates a gentle interior for the park. Its central meadow features native grasses, wild fowers, and Mediterranean bulbs.

Observation Hill which faces south to some of the toughest site conditions within the park features drought-tolerant succulents such as aloes, and agaves.

Existing trees form an important backbone for new plant material. "Morty," a large Moreton Bay Fig tree, fondly named by Santa Monica residents has been preserved in place and hosts a picnic grove near its impressive canopy. "The Three Amigos,"three large caliper Ficus trees, have been successfully relocated close by to create a "Fig Grove" that dramatically buffers the freeway. Two Junipers that once fanked the entry to City Hall have also found a special place on top of Discovery Hill and numerous other trees and palms have found homes within the park.

A few of the newly planted trees, shrubs, grasses, perennials, succulents, aloes, agaves, and bulbs are listed below. Visitors throughout the year will always see something new.

Trees :

Arbutus marina, Strawberry Tree, CA native

Olea europea, Olive Tree

Quercus suber, Cork Oak

Pinus torreyana, Torrey pine; CA native

Platanus racemosa, Western Sycamore; CA native

Umbellularia californica, California Bay; CA native

Grasses:

Bouteloua gracilis, Blue Grama Grass; CA native

Calamagrostis nutkaensis, Pacifc Reedgrass; CA native

Carex pansa, California Dune Sedge; CA native

Muhlenbergia ‘Pink Flamingo,' Pink Flamingo Muhly Grass; CA native

Sesleria autumnalis, Autumn moor grass

Succulents + Aloes + Agaves:

Aloe plicatillis, Fan Aloe

Agave americana, Century Plant

Dasylirion wheeleri, Desert Spoon, CA native

Hesperoyucca whipplei, Our Lord’s Candle, CA native

Bulbs / Annuals:

Amaryllis belladonna, Naked Lady

Clarkia amoena, Farewell to Spring; CA native

4 Sustainability

Tongva Park and Ken Genser Square embody a new type of urban landscape that is active, innovative, resource-conscious, and natural. The sustainability of the parks can be measured not only in terms of ecology, water, energy, and materials; but also in terms of social vibrancy as places that promote the health and wellbeing of the people who experience them.

4.1 Ecology

Transformed from a flat parking lot into a series of topographically dynamic meadows and gardens, the most dramatic aspect of the site has been the restoration of its ecosystem. Over three hundred carefully selected new trees, thousands of new plants, and hundreds of different California native and appropriately adapted species are part of the project’s abundant and ambitious planting scheme. Tongva Park and Ken Genser Square are one of the frst large scale contemporary urban projects to highlight California native plants as signifcant horticultural features.

Beyond just plants, the parks have been fundamentally modeled on healthy, native environments whose interconnected botanical, hydrologic, topographic, and agronomic systems work to provide restored ecosystem services to the site. New forest types and amended soils respond to micro-climates and showcase a diversity of species well-suited to different parts of the project. They include an Oak and Olive mix, a Western Sycamore mix and a Torrey Pine mix. In addition, new Figs and Palms strengthen the presence of these existing trees on site. Dramatic specimen trees punctuate the landscape by providing color and horticultural interest while hundreds of grasses, bulbs wildfowers, native shrubs, succulents and display gardens also respond to the sites varied microclimates to produce a diverse, lush, and striking understory.

4.2 Water

Plant, tree, and turf areas are irrigated using water from the nearby Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility (SMURRF) water reclamation facility. Irrigated water and stormwater are maintained on site through the natural movement of water into bioswales at the base of almost every hill in the park. Daily water consumption for the irrigated park landscape and turf areas and the water features is less than the City average. Water features use potable water and biological fltration within closed recirculating systems which only consume

water through evaporation. The water play area uses potable water which drains into a water reserve where it is treated for use, as needed, in the Ocean Avenue water feature.

4.3 Energy

Park lighting is the primary energy consumer within the park and square. Energy demands have been kept to an extreme minimum with LED and other effcient fxtures and technologies.

4.4 Materials

Materials for the Park and Square consist of non-tropical hardwoods that have been sustainably forested, local aggregates and stone, numerous products with recycled content, low VOC paints, sealants, and adhesives and soy-based anti-graffti coatings.

4.5 Human Health

Apart from the physical aspects of the site, the social sustainability of the project is uniquely high. The Park and Square provides a range of social spaces, quiet contemplative spaces, and promotes human health through a series of walking trails and loops, bike parking areas, and inclusive play spaces for all ages and abilities.

5 Water Features

Each of the three water features within Tongva Park and Ken Genser Square share a strong connection to the site's historic "arroyo wash" landscape and are carefully integrated into park topography. Connected by a single runnel, the features expand in scale, activity level, and sound as they fow downhill toward the ocean. The features also reinforce sustainability by making use of biological fltration and closed, potable water systems.

5.1 The Springs

The rectangular garden in front of City Hall has been transformed into a vibrant water installation, a stately cascade of overfowing trays containing mildly swirling fows from low, bubbling springs suspended above lushly planted water gardens. Responding to the architecture of the building, the gridded water trays refect City Hall’s central windows.All the trays fow westward toward Main Street and Tongva Park. The design's tilt toward the sunlight—and its numerous points of delicate, sound-generating springs and falls—provide a carefully scaled, charismatic experience refective of Santa Monica's special identity.

5.2 Water Bay

A scooped out bay along the central path of Tongva Park is the backdrop of a grandly proportioned waterfall sequence. The sparkling falls are framed above by the crest of the bay and its surrounding plantings, and below by the fountain's water garden reception pool. A scattering of large boulders in front of the garden pool provide a visually delightful barrier, offer casual seating, emphasize a relaxed informality, and suggest-with the falls-the site's geological "arroyo wash" theme.

5.3 Ocean Gateway Water Feature

The primary entrance into the park at Ocean Avenue is defned by the presence of a lengthy and dynamic water feature. The fountain is comprised of a curvilinear band of white-water steps and a line of terraced refection pools animated by low, arching jets aimed to the west. The arching jets fex in rhythmic patterns reminiscent of the ocean's waves, while the entire fountain's form is oriented to engage and refect the setting sun's glow. The sound of water mitigates the sound of traff c along Ocean Avenue.

At night each water feature is internally illuminated by warm-white LEDs that enhance the flow of water and cast light onto their surrounding spaces.

6 Lighting Design

As dusk turns to night the sculptural forms and woven pathways of Tongva Park and Ken Genser Square welcome visitors in a soft, warm light that responds to the three-dimensionality of the site. Layers of light, much like stratifcation in an "arroyo wash," rest lightly upon the site and are revealed as one ascends to the hilltops. Because safety and environmental sensitivity are important considerations, shielded highly-effcient LED and HID luminaires have been placed throughout the Park and Square.

The primary pathways have a simple light pole that frames the visitor’s experience without competing with views. An integrated control system will turn off non-essential lighting after closing hours, conserving energy.

Garden Hill provides diffuse lighting from glowing bollards that enhance the presentation and experience of the surrounding seasonal planting. Under-bench lighting creates intimate moments at the seating alcoves where pedestrians can rest and enjoy the subtly illuminated specimen trees.

Discovery Hill uses smaller versions of the primary pathway pole for continuous lighting along the paths and play areas.

Observation Hill uses only low-level lighting to preserve natural views and prevent glare downward. A large illuminated tree grove at the top of the hill provides a comfortable place for respite and refection and is visible beyond the park. The overlook decks feature small embedded colored uplights in a starry-night-like pattern, providing a signature element for the park.

Gathering Hill's large lawn and seating terraces are lit from accent lights on tall poles located behind the seating in order to provide a fexible open space conducive to communal activities and small performances.

At Ken Genser Square allées of trees and the fountain are subtly lit and frame the view towards City Hall. The renovated City Hall facade lighting highlights the historic structure, creating a focal point to enhance the nighttime civic character of the Square.

Location:Ken Genser Square, 1685 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401 Tongva Park, 1615 Ocean Avenue, Santa Monica, CA 90401

Construction Cost: The total budget for design and construction of the two parks, new sidewalks, and street and other public space improvements is $42.3 million.

Site Preparation:The site was prepared by American Landscape (americanlandscape.com). Senna Tree Company (sennatree. com) relocated a number of mature trees including three gigantic Ficusrubiginosa trees each weighing over 100 tons. A video can be seen here: smciviccenterparks.com.

Owner: City of Santa Monica

Design Lead / Landscape Architect: James Corner Field OperationContractor: W.E. O’Neil Construction Co. of CA

Architecture: Frederick Fisher & Partners

Artist: IñigoManglano-Ovalle

Structural & MEP Engineering: BuroHappold

Civil Engineering: Fuscoe Engineering

Lighting: HLB

Water Feature Design: Fluidity Design Consultants

Geotechnical: Converse Consultants

Urban Soils: Wallace Labs

Horticulture: Greenlee & Associates, Perry & Associates

Irrigation: d.d. Pagano, Inc.

Photo credit: James Corner Field Operations, Angie Smith, Tim Street-Porter

Translation:KUANG Jia-ru