中考英语书面表达解题指导

2014-07-09 16:30刘鹏
学生之友·最作文 2014年5期
关键词:时态题意短文

刘鹏

【考点】

书面表达是每年中考的必备题型,是考查同学们交际能力的一个重要组成部分。书面表达通常有三种形式:

1.书信、日记、通知、留言或请假条等应用文;

2.看图作文;

3.根据汉语提示作文。

无论是哪一种形式的书面表达,考生所写的短文都要紧扣主题、语句通顺、要点完整、语言准确得当、格式正确、无大小写和拼写错误、标点符号使用正确。

【解难】

一、训练方法

1.记。认真、系统地复习基础知识并背诵优美的句子。中国有句古话:“熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟。”英语也是一样,要使自己具有较强的写作能力,首先应该熟读和背诵一些精彩的语句和短文。大量的背诵和阅读是提高写作能力的有效方法。若有大量的现成语言材料积累在脑海里,自己写起作文来就可以得心应手。

2.练。每练一篇书面表达,都要真正学到一点东西,不可贪多,以免边学边忘。平时可以采用循序渐进、灵活多样的方式练习,从根据提示词写单句开始,然后到写几句话,最后到写流利的文段。尽量尝试多种题材的写作,如书信、日记、通知、便条、明信片、看图作文、根据表格或记录写短文等。

3.写。要进行实战写作。要求自己在20分钟内写出60 ~ 80词的短文,并且努力做到质量高、内容全、形式正确。养成这样的好习惯,考试时才能取得好成绩。

二、应试策略

1.审题目:要切中题意。《中考考试说明》中指出,书面表达要切中题意。怎样才能切中题意呢?就是要认真审题,看到考题后,先不要急于动笔,仔细看清题目要求的内容,在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面,确定短文的中心思想,不要匆匆下笔。要看懂题意,根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题时要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间和地点等。

2.圈要点:防止遗漏要点。要点是评分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点,同学们可以把情景中给出的各个要点在草纸上逐条列出。

3.列提纲:为写作做好准备。根据文章要点和短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下,形成提纲。

4.定基调:定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾等。

5.写全文:写短文时要做到如下几点:

(1)避免使用汉语式英语,尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用,以避免句式单一重复。

(2)多用简单句型,记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。适度使用非谓语动词或复合句等较复杂的句型。

(3)注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。

① 语态、时态要准确无误。

② 主谓语要一致,即谓语动词要和主语的人称和数一致。

③ 注意人称代词的主格和宾格形式。

④ 注意冠词的用法。例如:“He is an honest student.”中的an不能写成a.

⑤ 注意拼写、标点符号和大小写。注意receive,believe,fourteen,forty,ninth,restaurant等易错词。

(4)描写人物时,要生动具体。例如:

① 外表特征:tall,short,fat,thin,strong,beautiful,ordinary-looking等。

② 服饰颜色:red,yellow,blue,white,green,brown,black等。

③ 内心世界:glad,happy,sad,excited,anxious,interested等。

④ 情感描写:love,like,hate,laugh,cry,smile等。

⑤ 动作描写:come,go,get,have,take,bring,fetch等。

(5)上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一个重要原则,因此同学们应把写好的句子,根据故事情节、事情发生的先后次序(时间或空间),用一些表示并列、递进等的过渡词进行加工整理,使文章连续、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面这些词汇的用法:

① 表示并列关系的:and,as well as,or等。

② 表示转折关系的:but,yet,however等。

③ 表示时间先后的:when,while,after,before,then,after that等。

④ 表示因果关系的:so,therefore,as a result等。

⑤ 表示目的的:in order to,in order that,so as to,so that等。

⑥ 表示列举的:for example,such as等。

⑦ 表示总结性的:in general,in all,in a word,generally speaking等。

(6)不会表达时,另辟蹊径。中考作文评分标准是以要点和语言的准确度而定。造句越简单准确越好,造复合句容易出错,容易被扣分。所以要适度运用复杂句型来增加文采。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达,可采用变通的办法,化难为易,化繁为简。总之,所造句子要正确、得体,符合英语表达习惯。

6.改病句:认真检查,改正错误。写中考作文时,由于时间紧、内容多,同学们难免出错。因此,改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分,根据错误多少来扣分。因此,考试时花几分钟时间来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手:

① 格式是否正确;② 拼写有无错误;③ 语言是否正确;④ 时态、语态是否正确;⑤ 标点符号是否正确;⑥ 人称是否正确。

三、参考练习

(安徽省合肥中考英语作文)

目前有不少历史剧在电视上热播。有人通过看历史剧来了解历史,有人选择读史书来了解历史。你的选择及理由是什么?请根据以下内容写一篇英语短文。

选择

理由

看历史剧

情节有趣、通俗易懂

读历史书

资料真实、引人深思

你的选择

要求:1.语言表达准确,短文连贯通顺;

2.短文必须包括以上内容要点,可以适当发挥;

3.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称;

4.词数80词左右。开头已给出,不计入总词数。

Many historical plays have been on TV recently.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

解析:

1.审题目:认真审题;2.圈出要点,写全要点内容;3.写作前先列出提纲;4.定基调:写作时应注意时态、语法的运用,注意句子结构的多样性,尽量避免重复;5.写全文;6.改病句:认真复查一遍,如有错误,加以更正。

Watching Historical Plays

Many historical plays have been on TV recently. Some people like watching historical TV plays to know about history. They think they are interesting and easy to understand. Both the old and the young will have a lot of fun watching them.

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Some other people think the best way to learn about history is to read books on history. They believe books can tell them the true stories. They can learn and think a lot from them while reading.

I like watching historical TV plays because they make me relaxed and save me much time.

【实战演练】

(一)

我们每个人都盼望着过生日。在生日那天,我们可以开party,邀请好朋友参加,还能吃到丰盛的饭菜。Mary的生日是如何度过的呢?

根据下列提示写一篇60词左右的短文,介绍Mary的生日情况。

1.上周日是玛丽的生日。

2.周五放学后,她邀请了她的一些同学参加。

3.同学送给她许多礼物。

4.玛丽的母亲做了饭,有鱼、肉、水果等。

5.玛丽过了一个快乐的生日。

(二)

现在学生上网成风。假如你是班主任,要在班会上谈谈关于上网的问题,请根据表格中提供的内容用英语写一篇80词左右的发言稿,要点必须齐全。

提示:渐渐变差do worse and worse in…

益处:

1.学会使用现代设备——电脑。

2.学会更多知识,了解更多信息。

3.玩游戏,使人更加聪明。

弊端:

1.过于沉迷游戏。

2.网上交友,通信频繁,学习成绩下降。

建议:

1.在校学习时不要上网, 好好读书。

2.假期可以上,但不可常上。

(三)

在一次英语班会上,老师请同学们以Be Proud of My School为主题发言。请根据下面所给的提示写一篇发言稿,80词左右,文中不得出现真实的人名或地名。

提示:① What does your school look like?

② What fun do you have at school?

③ Why do you like your school?

(四)

请以My Pleasant Trip为题,根据提示和要求写一次你记忆中愉快的旅行。

1.请叙述本次旅行的时间、地点、人物以及有哪些活动等;

2.体现出这是一次愉快的旅行。

要求:

1.词数80左右;

2.文中不能出现作者本人的真实信息。

参考范文

(一)

It was Marys birthday last Sunday. Last Friday, after school she asked some of her classmates to go to her party on Sunday. At the party, her classmates gave her a lot of presents. Mary was very happy. Marys mother made dinner for them. There was fish, fruit and some other things. Mary and her classmates had a good time at the party!

(二)

Good afternoon, class, Today lets talk about getting on-line. Many students in our class like getting on-line very much. Its not bad for them to learn how to use the modern machine computer. They can learn more knowledge and get more information. Playing games can make them clever. But some of them spend too much time in playing games. Some make friends on –line, write many letters to each other, and even talk about love. It takes the students too much time to play games. So they dont work hard at their lessons. They do worse and worse in their lessons. I think they mustnt get on-line when they are studying at school They can do it in summer or winter holidays, but they shouldnt spend too much time playing it.

(三)

Be Proud of My School

My school is vey big with several tall buildings, There are 2 000 students in my school. We have a big playground with lots of trees around it. There are a lot of flowers everywhere. We have lots of fun at school. After class we play games and do lots of sports, like playing basketball, football and table tennis. Sometimes we have class meetings. They are very interesting.

I love my school because its like a big family. The teachers in my school are kind to us as our parents. I feel proud of my school because it is one of the best schools in my heart.

(四)

My Pleasant Trip

One day when I was in Grade 7, I went to the Yellow Mountains with my friends by bike.

First we climbed the mountains, then we flew kites. At noon we sat on the grass having a picnic. The weather was pretty fine that day. In the afternoon we met several soldiers who were only a little older than us. So we played games together and they also told us many interesting stories. We laughed and laughed happily.

What a pleasant trip !l will never forget it.

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