王慧 徐萍 王万粮等
[摘要] 目的 探讨不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊PCI血浆sOX40L的影响。 方法 将入选的行急诊PCI的66例AMI患者随机分为A组(急诊PCI术前12 h内给予瑞舒伐他汀20 mg,术后20 mg口服,每晚1次,口服7 d)和B组(术前口服安慰剂,PCI术后瑞舒伐他汀10 mg,每晚1次,口服7 d)。观察术前及术后不同时间点sOX40L和hs-CRP水平的变化。 结果 两组间PCI术前sOX40L和hs-CRP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),hs-CRP分别为(18.40±2.64)、(17.95±2.72)mg/L,sOX40L分别为(30.24±18.14)、(30.83±18.68)pg/ml;PCI术后24 h两组患者sOX40L和hs-CRP的水平均较术前均明显升高(P<0.05),hs-CRP分别为(27.64±2.75)、(28.18±2.91)mg/L,sOX40L分别为(38.71±17.36)、(41.93±17.71)pg/ml;PCI术后48 h及7 d,与B组比较,A组的sOX40L和hs-CRP水平明显降低(P<0.05)。 结论 PCI可增加sOX40L、hs-CRP的表达;瑞舒伐他汀可有效减轻AMI患者急诊PCI术后炎症反应,且高剂量效果更优。
[关键词] 急性心肌梗死;PCI;sOX40L;瑞舒伐他汀
[中图分类号] R542.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2014)04(b)-0046-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of different doses rosuvastatin on plasma level of sOX40L and myocardial damage in acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary PCI. Methods 66 cases of acute myocardial infarction patients underwent primary PCI were enrolled.These patients were divided into two groups:A group(rosuvastatin 20 mg for pre-operation 12 h and rosuvastatin 20 mg, 1 times a night,for 7 days in post-operation),B group(placebo for pre-operation and rosuvastatin 10 mg,1 times a night,for 7 days in post-operation).The difference plasma level of sOX40L and hs-CRP were examined in designed time points between the two groups were observed. Results The differences of sOX40L and hs-CRP between the two groups were not obviously different before PCI(P>0.05),which with the levels of hs-CRP was(18.40±2.64),(17.95±2.72)mg/L,the levels of sOX40L was(30.24±18.14),(30.83±18.68)pg/ml.Between two groups,the level of sOX40L and hs-CRP were increased more distinctly at 24 hours after PCI as compared with before PCI(P<0.05),which with the levels of hs-CRP was(27.64±2.75),(28.18±2.91)mg/L,the levels of sOX40L was(38.71±17.36),(41.93±17.71)pg/ml.In the post-operation for 48 hours and 1 week,the level of sOX40L and hs-CRP were decreased more significantly in A group than those of B group(P<0.05). Conclusion PCI can increases the level of sOX40L and hs-CRP.For acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary PCI,treatments with high-dose rosuvastatin can decline inflammatory reaction,improve the stability of vulnerable plaque.
[Key words] Acute myocardial infarction;Percutaneous coronary intervention;sOX40L;Rosuvastatin
急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)急性期病死率约为30%,预后较差。目前经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)被广泛应用于AMI患者的心肌血流重建中,急性期行介入术治疗使既往30%左右的住院死亡率下降至4%左右[1],证明其有助于改善预后,但另一方面目前认为PCI亦可诱导和加重局部炎症反应,导致术后再狭窄或血栓形成以及缺血事件的再发生,造成心肌损伤[2]。有研究表明,稳定型心绞痛患者成功实施择期PCI后,约70%的患者出现术后心肌坏死标志物的升高,与炎症因子关系密切。OX40L是冠心病新的促炎症介质,与急性冠状动脉事件发生率呈正相关;他汀类药物具有抗炎症、稳定斑块的作用,可降低缺血事件的发生。本项目针对AMI患者不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀对急诊PCI血浆sOX40L的影响进行了研究。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择2012年8月~2013年11月在我院心内科住院的AMI患者66例,所有入选患者均行急诊PCI。依据临床及冠状动脉造影结果诊断为AMI,其诊断标准参照中华医学会心血管病学分会、中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会推荐和制订的AMI诊断和治疗指南。根据治疗方法的不同将患者随机分为A组和B组。A组34例,其中,男性 18例,女性 16例;年龄51~77岁,平均(65.7±8.4)岁。B组32例,其中,男性 17例,女性15例;年龄51~77岁,平均(62.6±6.8)岁。排除标准:合并风湿性心脏病及扩张型心肌病等其他心脏疾病、感染性疾病、肿瘤及免疫性疾病、严重心功能及肝肾功能不全、血液系统疾病、神经系统疾病、外周血管疾病、他汀类药物禁忌证、入院前调脂药物服药史。两组患者的性别、年龄等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 治疗方法
A组:急诊PCI术前12 h内给予瑞舒伐他汀20 mg,术后20 mg口服,每晚1次,口服7 d。B组:术前口服安慰剂,PCI术后瑞舒伐他汀10 mg,每晚1次,口服7 d。两组患者支架置入数量、抗凝药物、硝酸酯药物、ACEI或ARB、β-受体阻滞剂的应用情况差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
1.3 检测方法
所有患者分别在术前、术后24 h、48 h、7 d采集肘静脉血3 ml,置入EDTA抗凝管,3000 r/min离心15 min,分离上清血浆,在-80℃环境下保存。
1.3.1 血浆sOX40L的测定 严格按照说明书操作。应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血浆sOX40L。向预先包被sOX40L抗体的包被微孔中,依次加入标本、标准品、辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的检测抗体。用封板膜封住反应孔,37℃恒温箱温育60 min。洗板机洗板5次。每孔加入底物TMB显色,37℃避光温育15 min,显蓝色后,每孔加入终止液。在450 nm波长处测定各孔OD值,通过标准曲线得到标本sOX40L浓度值。
1.3.2 高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的测定 应用免疫荧光双抗体夹心法。严格按照说明书操作。
1.4 统计学方法
采用SPSS 14.0统计学软件对相关数据进行分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间均数的比较采用t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
两组间PCI术前sOX40L和hs-CRP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);PCI术后24 h两组患者sOX40L和hs-CRP水平均较术前明显增高(P<0.05);PCI术后48 h及7 d,与B组比较,A组患者的sOX40L和hs-CRP水平明显降低(P<0.05)(表1)。
3 讨论
急诊PCI是治疗AMI的有效方法,但术后早期再发心肌缺血、心力衰竭、猝死等严重不良心血管事件率仍较高,这些不良事件的发生与急性或亚急性支架内血栓形成、血管边支闭塞、支架再狭窄和心肌重构等多种因素有关,其病理生理机制可能与PCI诱导和加重局部炎症反应、炎症因子介导心肌损伤有关[3-4]。PCI时支架作为异物对局部组织产生刺激,促使炎症因子释放;球囊扩张及支架置入机械损伤造成血管内皮损伤、斑块破裂激活炎症因子的表达[5]。Karaca等[6]发现PCI术后患者体内存在有一种被激活的、放大的炎症反应,且与预后不良密切相关。sOX40L是血浆可溶性OX40L,属TNF家族成员,是与急性冠状动脉综合征密切相关的新型炎症因子,在动脉粥样硬化形成及其临床结局中起到重要作用[7]。Wang等[8]研究表明,几乎在动脉粥样硬化斑块处的所有细胞中均可检测到OX40L的表达,但是在坏死的斑块核心及正常血管壁中几乎检测不出。Ria等[9]研究发现,在AMI人群中,编码OX40L基因序列中的一个变异基因出现频率显著性增高,提示OX40L与AMI密切相关。OX4OL通过与OX4O结合,在抑制细胞的凋亡,增加CD4+T细胞的数量及功能,多种炎症因子释放及后续放大的炎症免疫反应中均发挥极为重要的作用[10]。激活的T细胞是参与动脉粥样硬化进程的重要炎性致病因素[11]。hs-CRP是炎症的标志性因子,心血管疾病独立的危险因子[12],对预测斑块易损性具有较高的准确度和灵敏度[13]。
他汀类药物独立于调脂的多效性已日益受到关注,因其可以全面改善内皮的功能、减低炎症反应、抗氧化、稳定易损斑块,减少不良心脏缺血事件的发生。据文献报道,目前实验研究中证实瑞舒伐他汀是第一个能够稳定逆转动脉粥样硬化斑块、缩小斑块体积的他汀类调脂药物[14];ACS患者在行冠状动脉介入术前强化瑞舒伐他汀治疗1年后主要不良心源性终点事件(心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死等)相对安慰剂组降低显著[15]。本研究结果表明,两组间PCI术前sOX40L和hs-CRP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);PCI术后24 h两组患者sOX40L和hs-CRP水平均较术前明显增高(P<0.05),提示PCI可能诱发和加重冠状动脉病变局部炎症反应;与B组比较,A组患者PCI术后48 h和7 d的sOX40L和hs-CRP水平明显降低(P<0.05),这一结果提示他汀类药物可有效地控制PCI术后炎症反应,且有剂量依赖性,早期应用较大剂量瑞舒伐他汀具有更强的抑制炎症作用,这可能是改善PCI术后不良冠状动脉事件发生的机制之一。
本研究应用不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀对AMI行PCI患者进行干预治疗,观察血浆sOX40L与hs-CRP的变化情况,为改善AMI患者PCI术后的近、远期效果,降低炎症提供了科学依据。
[参考文献]
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[7] Boer OJ,Becker A.T lymphocytes in atherogenesis-functional aspects and antigenic repertoire[J].Cardiovasc Res,2003,60(1):78-86.
[8] Wang X,Ria M,Kelmenson PM,et al.Positional identification of TNFSF4,encoding OX40 ligand,as a gene that influences atherosclerosis susceptibility[J].Nat Genet,2005, 37(4):365-372.
[9] Ria M,Eriksson P,Boquist S,et al.Human genetic evidence that OX40 is implicated in myocardial infarction[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2006,339(3):1001-1006.
[10] Bernhagen J,Calandra T,Calandra T,et al.MIF is a pituitary-derived cytokine that potentiatates lethal enditoxemia[J].Nature,1993,365(6448):756-759.
[11] de Boer OJ,Becker AE,van der Wal AC.T lymphocytes in atherogenesis——functional aspects and antigenic repertorire[J].Cardiovasc Res,2003,60(1):78-86.
[12] 方永鹏,牛旭东,石学宁,等.冠心病与超敏CRP水平的关系[J].宁夏医学院学报,2007,29(4):383-384.
[13] Uydu HA,Bostan M,Yilmaz A,et al.Comparision of inflammatory biomarkers for detection of coronary stenosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease[J].Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci,2013,17(1):112-118.
[14] Endres M.Statins:potential new indications in inflammatory conditions[J].Atheroscler Suppl,2006,7(1):31-35.
[15] Yun KH,Oh SK,Rhee SJ,et al.12-month follow-up results of high dose rosuvastatin loading before percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome[J].Int J Cardiol,2011,146(1):68-72.
(收稿日期:2014-01-21 本文编辑:袁 成)
[2] Lim SY,Jeong MH,Bae EH.Predictive factors of major adverse cardiac events in acute myocardial infarction patients complicated by cardiogenic shock undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention[J].Circ J,2005, 69(2):154-158.
[3] Desch S,EitelI,Schmitt J,et al.Effect of coronary collaterals on microvascular obstruction as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary coronary intervention[J].Am J Cardiol,2009,104(9):1204-1209.
[4] Rodes-Cabau J,Tardif JC,Cossette M,et al.Acute effects of statin therapy on coronary atherosclerosis following an acute coronary syndrom[J].Am J Cardiol, 2009, 104(6):750-757.
[5] Harrington RA.Cardiac enzyme eleuation after percutaneous coronary intervention:myonecrosis,the coronary micro circulation and mortality[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2000,35(5):1142-1144.
[6] Karaca I,Aydin K,Yavuzkir M,et al.Predictive Value of C-reactive protein in patients with unstable angina pectoris undergoing coronary artery stent implantation[J].J Int Med Res,2005,33(4):389-396.
[7] Boer OJ,Becker A.T lymphocytes in atherogenesis-functional aspects and antigenic repertoire[J].Cardiovasc Res,2003,60(1):78-86.
[8] Wang X,Ria M,Kelmenson PM,et al.Positional identification of TNFSF4,encoding OX40 ligand,as a gene that influences atherosclerosis susceptibility[J].Nat Genet,2005, 37(4):365-372.
[9] Ria M,Eriksson P,Boquist S,et al.Human genetic evidence that OX40 is implicated in myocardial infarction[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2006,339(3):1001-1006.
[10] Bernhagen J,Calandra T,Calandra T,et al.MIF is a pituitary-derived cytokine that potentiatates lethal enditoxemia[J].Nature,1993,365(6448):756-759.
[11] de Boer OJ,Becker AE,van der Wal AC.T lymphocytes in atherogenesis——functional aspects and antigenic repertorire[J].Cardiovasc Res,2003,60(1):78-86.
[12] 方永鹏,牛旭东,石学宁,等.冠心病与超敏CRP水平的关系[J].宁夏医学院学报,2007,29(4):383-384.
[13] Uydu HA,Bostan M,Yilmaz A,et al.Comparision of inflammatory biomarkers for detection of coronary stenosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease[J].Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci,2013,17(1):112-118.
[14] Endres M.Statins:potential new indications in inflammatory conditions[J].Atheroscler Suppl,2006,7(1):31-35.
[15] Yun KH,Oh SK,Rhee SJ,et al.12-month follow-up results of high dose rosuvastatin loading before percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome[J].Int J Cardiol,2011,146(1):68-72.
(收稿日期:2014-01-21 本文编辑:袁 成)
[2] Lim SY,Jeong MH,Bae EH.Predictive factors of major adverse cardiac events in acute myocardial infarction patients complicated by cardiogenic shock undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention[J].Circ J,2005, 69(2):154-158.
[3] Desch S,EitelI,Schmitt J,et al.Effect of coronary collaterals on microvascular obstruction as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary coronary intervention[J].Am J Cardiol,2009,104(9):1204-1209.
[4] Rodes-Cabau J,Tardif JC,Cossette M,et al.Acute effects of statin therapy on coronary atherosclerosis following an acute coronary syndrom[J].Am J Cardiol, 2009, 104(6):750-757.
[5] Harrington RA.Cardiac enzyme eleuation after percutaneous coronary intervention:myonecrosis,the coronary micro circulation and mortality[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2000,35(5):1142-1144.
[6] Karaca I,Aydin K,Yavuzkir M,et al.Predictive Value of C-reactive protein in patients with unstable angina pectoris undergoing coronary artery stent implantation[J].J Int Med Res,2005,33(4):389-396.
[7] Boer OJ,Becker A.T lymphocytes in atherogenesis-functional aspects and antigenic repertoire[J].Cardiovasc Res,2003,60(1):78-86.
[8] Wang X,Ria M,Kelmenson PM,et al.Positional identification of TNFSF4,encoding OX40 ligand,as a gene that influences atherosclerosis susceptibility[J].Nat Genet,2005, 37(4):365-372.
[9] Ria M,Eriksson P,Boquist S,et al.Human genetic evidence that OX40 is implicated in myocardial infarction[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2006,339(3):1001-1006.
[10] Bernhagen J,Calandra T,Calandra T,et al.MIF is a pituitary-derived cytokine that potentiatates lethal enditoxemia[J].Nature,1993,365(6448):756-759.
[11] de Boer OJ,Becker AE,van der Wal AC.T lymphocytes in atherogenesis——functional aspects and antigenic repertorire[J].Cardiovasc Res,2003,60(1):78-86.
[12] 方永鹏,牛旭东,石学宁,等.冠心病与超敏CRP水平的关系[J].宁夏医学院学报,2007,29(4):383-384.
[13] Uydu HA,Bostan M,Yilmaz A,et al.Comparision of inflammatory biomarkers for detection of coronary stenosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease[J].Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci,2013,17(1):112-118.
[14] Endres M.Statins:potential new indications in inflammatory conditions[J].Atheroscler Suppl,2006,7(1):31-35.
[15] Yun KH,Oh SK,Rhee SJ,et al.12-month follow-up results of high dose rosuvastatin loading before percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome[J].Int J Cardiol,2011,146(1):68-72.
(收稿日期:2014-01-21 本文编辑:袁 成)